Ndi David Swanson, World BEYOND War, November 11, 2023
Ndemanga pa chochitika cha Veterans For Peace ku Iowa City, Iowa, Novembara 11, 2023
Pa Disembala 2 Chiphunzitso cha Monroe chidzakwanitsa zaka 200. Ndiko kuti, padzakhala zaka 200 kuchokera tsiku limene Purezidenti James Monroe analankhula pamene zaka zingapo pambuyo pake andale ndi akatswiri adatulutsa ndime zina ndikuzitcha Monroe Doctrine. Ngati cholinga chinali kulola gulu lamwayi kukhala ndi mphamvu zopanga mfundo mopanda malamulo ndikuzikweza pamwamba pa malamulo onse enieni, zidagwira ntchito. Kwa zaka zambiri, apurezidenti ambiri adapatsidwa ziphunzitso, ndipo tsopano sitingadutse utsogoleri umodzi popanda chiphunzitso cholengezedwa. Mapurezidenti ena amapatsidwa, ndi olemba nyuzipepala, ziphunzitso zomwe iwo sananene nkomwe.
Chiphunzitso cha Monroe, kapena gawo lomwe linapirira ndipo linamangidwa ndi kukulitsidwa, makamaka limati United States idzamenyana ndi mphamvu zakunja zomwe zimayesa chirichonse ku Western Hemisphere. Kuchokera pa Tsiku 1 chikhumbocho chinapitirira kupitirira dziko lapansili, ngakhale kuti zikanatha zaka zambiri United States isanayambe kuyang'ana kwambiri kunja kwa North America. Pofika tsiku la Theodore Roosevelt chiphunzitsocho chinapangidwa momveka bwino padziko lonse lapansi. Tsopano, zachidziwikire, asitikali aku US ali ndi maziko omwe akulira padziko lonse lapansi. Zida zaku US zimagulitsidwa kapena kuperekedwa ku maulamuliro opondereza komanso otchedwa demokalase padziko lonse lapansi. Nkhondo zomwe zili pamtunda wa makilomita masauzande ambiri zimanenedwa ngati zoteteza.
Chiphunzitso cha Monroe sichinali kungolengeza kuti United States idzaukira anthu. Zinali zobisika kwambiri komanso zowopsa kuposa pamenepo. Inali njira yololeza anthu kuchita nawo imperialism pomwe akuganiza kuti ndizothandiza anthu. Izi zinayamba ndi Doctrine of Discovery, yomwe inayikidwanso m'malamulo a US mu 1823. Amwenye Achimereka sanali anthu enieni okhala ndi mayiko enieni - monga momwe tikuwuzidwa lero kuti anthu a Palestina kulibe - ndipo chifukwa chake anthu adzakuuzani. ndi nkhope yowongoka kuti Afghanistan kapena Vietnam inali nkhondo yayitali kwambiri yaku US. Ngati anthu kulibe, simungakhale mukuwapha kapena kuwabera malo awo.
Kenako, anthu analipo koma sanali anthu opangidwa mokwanira, anali opanda nzeru zokwanira kuti adziwe kuti akufuna kukhala mbali ya United States, kotero inu munangoyenera kuwasonyeza iwo ubwino wawo. Izinso zikadali ndi ife. Kumayambiriro kwa chiwonongeko cha Iraq, zisankho zidapeza kuti anthu aku US adakwiya kuti ma Iraqi sanali oyamikira kapena othokoza.
Chachitatu, anthu ankangoganiziridwa kuti akufunadi kukhala mbali ya United States. Ndipo, chachinayi, kupatula nkhani yaing'ono ya anthu okhala pamtunda, mfundo ndi yakuti US inali kutenga North America kuti ipulumutse ku Russia ndi French ndi Spanish. Ngati mukulimbana kuti mupulumutse anthu ku imperialism ndiye kuti zomwe mukuchita sizingakhale za imperialism. Kwa zaka zambiri za 200 zapitazo, kuphatikizapo chaka chino, mutha kulowetsanso mawu akuti "Russia" kutanthauza imperialism. Ngati mukulimbana kuti mupulumutse anthu ku Russia ndiye kuti zomwe mukuchita sizingakhale za imperialism.
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, maganizo a Russia kuti nawonso akhoza kukhala ndi Chiphunzitso cha Monroe ku Eastern Europe atsutsana ndi kukakamiza kwa US kuti dziko lapansi ndi lalikulu lokwanira pa Chiphunzitso chimodzi cha Monroe, ndipo izi zatipangitsa ife tonse kumphepete mwa nyukiliya.
Zina mwa zomwe zikufunika kuti zithetse Chiphunzitso cha Monroe, ziphunzitso zina zankhondo zomwe zamangidwapo, ndipo nkhondo zomwe sizidzatha zitha kupezeka mu zomwe anthu aku Latin America akuchita.
Pamlingo wina, boma la US silifuna zomwe FDR imatcha "sonofabitch yathu" (monga momwe, "atha kukhala sonofabitch koma ndi sonofabitch yathu") kuyendetsa dziko lililonse la Latin America. United States ili ndi maziko, makasitomala a zida, asitikali ophunzitsidwa ndi US, osankhika ophunzira aku US, mapangano amalonda amakampani omwe amaphwanya malamulo, komanso mphamvu zachuma zangongole, thandizo, ndi zilango. Mu 2022, nyuzipepala ya Wall Street Journal inaumirira kuti nyengo ya Dziko Lapansi (zili bwanji kuti pakhale chowiringula chatsopano?) chidzafuna kuti mabungwe, osati mayiko a Bolivia, Chile, ndi Argentina, azilamulira lithiamu. Kodi lithiamu yathu idalowa bwanji pansi pa nthaka?
Pakadali pano anthu aku Latin America akupitiliza kukana zigawenga ndi kusokoneza chisankho ndi zilango, kupatsa mphamvu boma lodziyimira pawokha. M’chaka cha 2022, maboma a “pinki” anakulitsidwa kukhala Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Peru, Chile, Colombia, ndi Honduras. Kwa Honduras, 2021 adasankhidwa kukhala purezidenti wa yemwe anali mayi woyamba Xiomara Castro de Zelaya yemwe adachotsedwa mu 2009 motsutsana ndi mwamuna wake komanso njonda yoyamba Manuel Zelaya. Ku Colombia, 2022 idawona chisankho chake choyamba cha purezidenti wotsamira kumanzere konse. Purezidenti wa Colombia Gustavo Petro tsopano akulankhula za ufulu wodziyimira pawokha ku ulamuliro wa US komanso kutha kwa zankhondo, koma kuti agwirizane ndi mgwirizano monga ofanana, kuphatikiza pakupanga mphamvu kwa US kuchokera kudzuwa ku Colombia.
Mu 2021, pa tsiku lokumbukira zaka 238 kubadwa kwa Simón Bolívar, Purezidenti waku Mexico Andrés Manuel López Obrador adaganiza zokonzanso "projekiti ya mgwirizano pakati pa anthu aku Latin America ndi Caribbean" ya Bolívar. Iye anati: “Tiyenera kusiya vuto lolowa nawo ku United States kapena kulitsutsa modziteteza. Yakwana nthawi yoti tifotokoze ndi kufufuza njira ina: kukambirana ndi olamulira a US ndikuwatsimikizira ndi kuwakopa kuti ubale watsopano pakati pa mayiko a America ndi wotheka. " Iye ananenanso kuti: “Bwanji osaphunzira za kufunika kwa ntchito, ndipo, mwadongosolo, kutsegula njira yakusamuka? Ndipo mkati mwa dongosolo lachitukuko chatsopanochi, ndondomeko ya ndalama, ntchito, chitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mayiko athu ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti izi ziyenera kutanthauza mgwirizano pa chitukuko ndi umoyo wa anthu onse a ku Latin America ndi Caribbean. Ndale za m’zaka mazana aŵiri zapitazi, zodziŵika ndi kuwukira kwa kuika kapena kuchotsa olamulira pa kufuna kwa maulamuliro amphamvu, nzosaloleka kale; Tiyeni titsanzike ku zoikika, kusokonezedwa, zilango, zopatula, ndi zotchinga. M’malo mwake, tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito mfundo za kusaloŵerera m’malo, kudzisankhira zochita za anthu ndi kuthetsa mikangano mwamtendere. Tiyeni tiyambitse ubale mu kontinenti yathu mothandizidwa ndi George Washington, yemwe akuti, 'mayiko sayenera kupezerapo mwayi pamavuto a anthu ena.'” AMLO idakananso pempho la Purezidenti Trump panthawiyo lankhondo yolimbana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. ogulitsa, akumalingalira za kuthetsa nkhondo.
Mu 2022, pa Msonkhano wa Mayiko a ku America wochitidwa ndi United States, mayiko 23 okha mwa 35 adatumiza nthumwi. United States inali itapatula mayiko atatu, pamene ena angapo ananyanyala, kuphatikizapo Mexico, Bolivia, Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, ndi Antigua ndi Barbuda. Komanso mu 2022, Nicaragua adamaliza ntchito yochoka ku OAS.
Kusintha kwa nthawi kumatha kuwonekanso panjira yochokera ku Lima kupita ku Puebla. Mu 2017, Canada, monga Monroe-Doctrine-Junior-Partner (osadandaula ngati Monroe adathandizira kulanda Canada) adatsogolera pokonzekera Lima Group, bungwe la mayiko aku America omwe akufuna kulanda boma la Venezuela. Mamembalawa anali Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Paraguay, Peru, ndi Venezuela (oyerekeza kuti Venezuela inkalamulidwa ndi Juan Guaidó). Koma mayiko akhala akusiya mpaka sizikudziwika kuti pali chilichonse chomwe chatsala. Pakadali pano, mu 2019, Gulu la Aphungu a Puebla ochokera kumayiko aku Latin America adakhazikitsidwa. Mu 2022, adatulutsa mawu akuti:
"Latin America ndi Caribbean akuyenera kukhazikitsanso kamangidwe kazachuma, kogwirizana ndi zosowa zawo komanso popanda zokakamiza, zomwe zimawopseza ulamuliro wa anthu athu ndikuyang'ana pakupanga ndalama imodzi yaku Latin America. Gulu la Puebla likutsimikizira kuti kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwakhala vuto lapadziko lonse lapansi komanso lapadziko lonse lapansi. Mayiko omwe amadya kwambiri ayenera kutenga udindo wawo pofunafuna njira ina yothetsera vutoli. Pazifukwa izi, tikupempha mgwirizano wa Latin America kuti apeze yankho potengera kuletsa kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala ndi thanzi, osati kuphwanya malamulo, kuledzera ndi kumwa. . . . ndi zina zotero.”
Koma kwa ife ku United States, kodi tiyenera kukhala tikufuna chiyani ku boma la US? Chilengezo chakuti Chiphunzitso cha Monroe chamwalira? Takhala nazo kwa zaka pafupifupi 100! Takhala tikukhala mumdima wa Monroe Doctrine kwa nthawi yonse yomwe aliyense amene ali ndi moyo tsopano wakhala wamoyo. Chomwe tikusowa ndikuchotsa kwenikweni kwa machitidwe a Monroe Doctrinism, osati chifukwa nthawi yawo yadutsa, koma chifukwa sipanakhalepo nthawi yomwe zinali zomveka kukakamiza anthu kuti achite zofuna za wina. Chiphunzitso cha Monroe sichinayenera kukhala. Mbiri ikanakhala yoipitsitsa, koma ikanakhalanso yabwinoko.
Latin America sinafunikirepo zida zankhondo zaku US, ndipo zonse ziyenera kutsekedwa pompano. Latin America zikadakhala bwinoko popanda zankhondo zaku US (kapena zankhondo za wina aliyense) ndipo ziyenera kumasulidwa ku matendawa nthawi yomweyo. Palibenso malonda a zida. Palibenso mphatso za zida. Palibenso maphunziro ankhondo kapena ndalama. Sipadzakhalanso maphunziro ankhondo aku US apolisi aku Latin America kapena alonda andende. Sipadzakhalanso kutumiza kum'mwera ntchito yowopsa yotsekera anthu ambiri. (Bilu ku Congress ngati Berta Caceres Act yomwe ingadule ndalama zaku US kwa asitikali ndi apolisi ku Honduras bola omalizawo akuchita zophwanya ufulu wachibadwidwe ziyenera kukulitsidwa ku Latin America ndi dziko lonse lapansi, ndikupanga Thandizo lokhazikika popanda zikhalidwe; thandizo liyenera kukhala lothandizira ndalama, osati zankhondo.) Sipadzakhalanso nkhondo yolimbana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kunja kapena kunyumba. Sipadzakhalanso kugwiritsa ntchito nkhondo yolimbana ndi mankhwala m'malo mwa zankhondo. Osanyalanyazanso moyo wosauka kapena kusamalidwa bwino kwaumoyo komwe kumapangitsa ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Palibenso mapangano azamalonda owononga chilengedwe komanso anthu. Palibenso chikondwerero cha "kukula" kwachuma chifukwa chazokha. Palibenso mpikisano ndi China kapena wina aliyense, wamalonda kapena wankhondo. Palibenso ngongole. (Letsani!) Palibenso chithandizo chokhala ndi zingwe zomata. Palibenso chilango chamagulu onse kudzera mu zilango. Sipadzakhalanso makoma amalire kapena zolepheretsa zopanda nzeru kuyenda momasuka. Palibenso unzika wachiwiri. Sipadzakhalanso kusokonekera kwazinthu kutali ndi zovuta zachilengedwe komanso zaumunthu kukhala zosinthidwa zamachitidwe akale ogonjetsa. Latin America sinkafuna atsamunda aku US. Puerto Rico, ndi madera onse aku US, aloledwe kusankha kudziyimira pawokha kapena kukhala ndi dziko, komanso kusankha kulikonse, kubweza.
Gawo lalikulu panjira iyi lingatengedwe ndi boma la US kudzera pakuchotsa kosavuta kwa kachitidwe kamodzi kakang'ono kolankhula: chinyengo. Kodi mukufuna kukhala gawo la "dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo"? Ndiye kujowina mmodzi! Pali wina kunja uko akukuyembekezerani, ndipo Latin America ikutsogolera.
Pa mgwirizano waukulu wa United Nations wa 18 wa ufulu wachibadwidwe, United States ili mbali ya 5, yocheperapo kuposa dziko lina lililonse padziko lapansi, kupatulapo Bhutan (4), ndipo imamangirizidwa ndi Malaysia, Myanmar, ndi South Sudan, dziko lomwe linagonjetsedwa ndi nkhondo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo. idapangidwa mu 2011. United States ndi dziko lokhalo padziko lapansi lomwe silinavomereze Mgwirizano wa Ufulu wa Mwana. Ndi njira zambiri zomwe zikuwononga kwambiri chilengedwe, komabe wakhala mtsogoleri pakuwononga zokambirana zoteteza nyengo kwazaka zambiri ndipo sanavomerezepo UN Framework Convention on Climate Control (UNFCCC) ndi Kyoto Protocol. Boma la US silinavomerezepo Pangano la Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty ndipo linachoka ku Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty mu 2001. Silinasainepo Chigwirizano Choletsa Migodi kapena Convention on Cluster Munitions.
United States imatsogolera kutsutsa demokalase ya United Nations ndipo imakhala ndi mbiri yogwiritsira ntchito veto mu Security Council m'zaka zapitazi za 50, atatsutsa UN kutsutsa tsankho la South Africa, nkhondo ndi ntchito za Israeli, zida za mankhwala ndi zachilengedwe, Kuchulukitsa kwa zida za nyukiliya ndikugwiritsa ntchito koyamba ndikugwiritsa ntchito motsutsana ndi mayiko omwe si a nyukiliya, nkhondo zaku US ku Nicaragua ndi Grenada ndi Panama, kuletsa kwa US ku Cuba, kuphedwa kwa anthu aku Rwanda, kutumizidwa kwa zida mumlengalenga, ndi zina zambiri.
Mosiyana ndi malingaliro ofala, United States siili wotsogola wopereka chithandizo ku kuvutika kwa dziko, osati monga peresenti ya ndalama zonse za dziko lonse kapena pa munthu aliyense kapena ngakhale chiŵerengero chenicheni cha madola. Mosiyana ndi maiko ena, United States imawerengera 40 peresenti ya zomwe zimatchedwa thandizo, zida zankhondo zakunja. Thandizo lake lonse limayendetsedwa ndi zolinga zake zankhondo, ndipo ndondomeko zake zosamukira kudziko lina zakhala zikupangidwa mozungulira khungu, ndipo posachedwapa kuzungulira chipembedzo, osati mozungulira zosowa zaumunthu - kupatula mwina mosiyana, kuyang'ana pa kutseka ndi kumanga makoma kuti alange osowa kwambiri. .
Malamulo omwe timafunikira nthawi zambiri safuna kuganiziridwa, kapena kukhazikitsidwa, kumangotsatira. Chiyambire 1945, mbali zonse za Tchata cha UN zakakamizika “kuthetsa mikangano yawo yapadziko lonse mwa njira yamtendere m’njira yakuti mtendere ndi chisungiko chamitundu yonse, ndi chilungamo, zisakhale pangozi,” ndi “kupeŵa maunansi awo amitundu yonse ku chiwopsezo. kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu motsutsana ndi umphumphu kapena ufulu wandale wa dziko lililonse," ngakhale kuti pali ming'alu yowonjezeredwa pa nkhondo zovomerezeka ndi UN ndi nkhondo za "kudzitchinjiriza," (koma osati chifukwa choopseza nkhondo) - zipsinjo zomwe sizikugwira ntchito nkhondo zilizonse zaposachedwa, koma ming'alu yomwe ilipo yomwe imapangitsa m'maganizo ambiri malingaliro osamveka bwino kuti nkhondo ndi zovomerezeka. Kufunika kwa mtendere ndi kuletsa nkhondo kwafotokozedwa m’zaka zambiri m’zigamulo zosiyanasiyana za UN, monga zigamulo 2625 ndi 3314. Maphwando a Tchatachi akanathetsa nkhondo ngati akanatsatira.
Kuyambira 1949, maphwando onse a NATO, adagwirizana kuti abwezeretsenso lamulo loletsa kuwopseza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe zimapezeka mu Charter ya UN, ngakhale kuvomereza kukonzekera nkhondo ndi kulowa nawo pankhondo zodzitchinjiriza zomenyedwa ndi mamembala ena a NATO. Zida zambiri zapadziko lapansi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo, komanso gawo lalikulu lankhondo zake, zimachitidwa ndi mamembala a NATO.
Kuyambira 1949, maphwando a Msonkhano Wachinayi wa Geneva akhala akuletsedwa kuchita ziwawa zilizonse kwa anthu omwe sanachite nawo nkhondo, ndipo amaletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito "zilango zongoganizira chabe komanso njira zonse zowopseza kapena zauchigawenga," pakadali pano. unyinji wa awo amene anaphedwa m’nkhondo akhala osamenya nkhondo, ndipo zilango zakupha sizimaganiziridwanso. Onse opanga nkhondo akuluakulu ali nawo pamisonkhano ya Geneva.
Kuyambira 1951, maphwando a OAS Charter agwirizana kuti "Palibe Boma kapena gulu la States lomwe lili ndi ufulu kulowererapo, mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina, pazifukwa zilizonse, mkati kapena kunja kwa Boma lina lililonse." Boma la US likadaganiza kuti pangano ndiye lamulo lalikulu kwambiri mdzikolo, monga momwe Constitution ya US imapangira, m'malo mopusitsa Amwenye Achimereka ndi ena, izi zikanamveka ngati kuphwanya malamulo kwa Chiphunzitso cha Monroe.
United States sifunikira "kusintha njira ndikutsogolera dziko" monga momwe anthu ambiri amafunira pamitu yambiri yomwe United States ikuchita zowononga. United States ikufunika, m'malo mwake, kulowa nawo dziko lapansi ndikuyesera kuthana ndi Latin America yomwe yatsogolera pakupanga dziko labwino. Makontinenti awiri amalamulira umembala wa International Criminal Court ndipo amayesetsa kwambiri kutsatira malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi: Europe ndi America kumwera kwa Texas. Latin America ikutsogolera njira yokhala umembala mu Pangano la Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. Pafupifupi Latin America yonse ndi gawo la malo opanda zida za nyukiliya, patsogolo pa kontinenti ina iliyonse, kupatula Australia.
Mayiko aku Latin America amathandizira malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi ngakhale pakachitika ngozi zapakhomo. Amalumikizana ndikusunga mapangano komanso kapena bwino kuposa kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi. Alibe zida za nyukiliya, mankhwala, kapena zamoyo - ngakhale ali ndi zida zankhondo zaku US. Ndi Brazil yokha yomwe imatumiza zida kunja ndipo ndalama zake ndizochepa. Kuyambira mchaka cha 2014, mayiko opitilira 30 a Community of Latin America ndi Caribbean States (CELAC) akhala akumangidwa ndi Declaration of Zone of Peace.
Ndi chinthu chimodzi kunena kuti mumatsutsa nkhondo. Ndi chinanso chokhazikitsidwa pomwe ambiri angakuuzeni kuti nkhondo ndiyo njira yokhayo ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yabwino kwambiri m'malo mwake. Amene akutsogolera njira yosonyezera njira yanzeru imeneyi ndi Latin America. Mu 1931, anthu a ku Chile anagonjetsa wolamulira wankhanza popanda chiwawa. Mu 1933 komanso mu 1935, anthu a ku Cuba anagonjetsa pulezidenti pogwiritsa ntchito ziwonetsero. Mu 1944, olamulira ankhanza atatu, Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez (El Salvador), Jorge Ubico (Guatemala), ndi Carlos Arroyo del Río (Ecuador) anathamangitsidwa chifukwa cha zigawenga zopanda chiwawa za anthu wamba. Mu 1946, anthu a ku Haiti anagonjetsa wolamulira wankhanza popanda chiwawa. (Mwina Nkhondo Yadziko II ndi “unansi wabwino” zinapatsa Latin America mpumulo pang’ono kuchokera ku “thandizo” la mnansi wake wakumpoto.) Mu 1957, anthu a ku Colombia anagwetsa mwankhanza wolamulira wankhanza. Mu 1982 ku Bolivia, anthu analetsa mwachisawawa kulanda boma. Mu 1983, Amayi a Plaza de Mayo adapambana kusintha kwa demokalase komanso kubwerera kwa (ena) achibale awo "osowa" chifukwa chopanda chiwawa. Mu 1984, anthu a ku Uruguay anathetsa boma la asilikali ndi kunyanyala. Mu 1987, anthu a ku Argentina analetsa mwankhanza kulanda boma. Mu 1988, anthu aku Chile adagonjetsa ulamuliro wa Pinochet mopanda chiwawa. Mu 1992, anthu a ku Brazil anathamangitsa pulezidenti wachinyengo popanda zachiwawa. Mu 2000, anthu a ku Peru anagonjetsa mwankhanza wolamulira wankhanza Alberto Fujimori. Mu 2005, anthu aku Ecuador adachotsa purezidenti wachinyengo popanda chiwawa. Ku Ecuador, anthu ammudzi akhala akugwiritsa ntchito njira zopanda chiwawa komanso kulumikizana kwa zaka zambiri kuti aletse kulandidwa kwa malo ndi kampani yamigodi ndi zida. Mu 2015, anthu aku Guatemala adakakamiza Purezidenti wachinyengo kuti atule pansi udindo. Ku Colombia, anthu ammudzi adatenga malo ake ndipo adadzichotsa kunkhondo. Anthu enanso ku Mexico achitanso chimodzimodzi. Ku Canada, m’zaka zaposachedwapa, anthu a m’dzikolo agwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopanda chiwawa pofuna kuletsa kuika mapaipi m’madera awo ndi zida. Zotsatira za zisankho za pinki m'zaka zaposachedwa ku Latin America ndi zotsatira za ziwawa zambiri zopanda chiwawa.
Latin America imapereka mitundu yambiri yaukadaulo yoti muphunzirepo ndikutukula, kuphatikiza madera ambiri okhala mwamtendere komanso mwamtendere, kuphatikiza a Zapatistas omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ziwawa zambiri kuti apititse patsogolo ma demokalase ndi socialist, kuphatikiza chitsanzo cha Costa Rica kuthetsa usilikali wake, ndikuyika izi. usilikali mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale komwe ndi yake, ndikukhala bwinoko.
Latin America imaperekanso zitsanzo za chinthu chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri pa Chiphunzitso cha Monroe: Commission yowona ndi kuyanjanitsa. Ntchito ya chowonadi inachitidwa ku Argentina, ndi lipoti lotulutsidwa mu 1984 lonena za “kusoweka” kwa anthu pakati pa 1976 ndi 1983. Mabungwe a Chowonadi anatulutsa malipoti ku Chile mu 1991 ndi El Salvador mu 1993. Zonsezi zinatsogolera choonadi chodziŵika bwino ndi kuyanjanitsa. komishoni ku South Africa, ndipo ena atsatira. Pali zambiri zoti zichitike ku Latin America, ndipo ambiri akugwira ntchito molimbika. Ntchito yowona komanso kuimbidwa mlandu wozunza zawulula zowona zambiri ku Guatemala, zomwe zatsala kuti ziwululidwe.
Mawa pa intaneti khoti losavomerezeka la Merchants of Death War Crimes Tribunal lipanga zina zomwe zikufunika padziko lonse lapansi. Mutha kuwona pa merchantsofdeath.org.
Ntchito yomwe United States isanachitike ndikuthetsa Chiphunzitso chake cha Monroe, ndikuthetsa osati ku Latin America kokha komanso padziko lonse lapansi - kuyambira ndi nkhondo yapadziko lonse lapansi pankhondo zonse - komanso kuti athetse Chiphunzitso cha Monroe koma m'malo mwake ndi zochita zabwino zolowa nawo dziko lapansi monga membala womvera malamulo, kutsatira malamulo a mayiko, ndi kugwirizana pa zida za nyukiliya, kuteteza chilengedwe, miliri ya matenda, kusowa pokhala, ndi umphawi. Chiphunzitso cha Monroe sichinali lamulo, ndipo malamulo omwe alipo tsopano amaletsa. Palibe chomwe chiyenera kuchotsedwa kapena kukhazikitsidwa. Chofunikira ndi khalidwe labwino lomwe andale aku US amadziwonetsera ngati akuchita kale.
Zochitika zikukonzekera padziko lonse lapansi zoika maliro a Monroe Doctrine patsiku lake lobadwa la 200 pa Disembala 2, 2023, kuphatikiza ku Mexico, Colombia, Wisconsin, Virginia, ndi zina zotero. Tikhala tikutumiza zochitikazo (ndipo mutha kuwonjezera zanu. ) ndipo tili ndi zida zamitundu yonse kuti zikhale zosavuta kuchita chochitika chomwe chimayikidwa patsamba la worldbeyondwar.org. Chochitika ku Virginia chidzakhala maliro a Chiphunzitso cha Monroe kunyumba ya Monroe ku yunivesite ya Virginia, ndipo Monroe mwiniwake akhoza kuwonekera. Ndikukhulupirira kuti china chake chidzachitika ku Iowa.
Ndizosavuta kukhumudwitsidwa chifukwa omenyera nkhondo akale omwe mumaganiza kuti adamwalira mudakali mwana amayendetsedwa ndi zomwe zimatchedwa Tsiku la Veterans kuti apereke ndemanga ndikupindula pankhondo iliyonse, ndipo ndale zachidziwitso zimakhazikikanso kudzera mu chithandizo chankhondo komanso kutsutsa chimodzimodzi.
Ndipo komabe, anthu, anthu ochuluka, omwe ali oyenerera tangotuluka kumene mu Israeli, ndipo mwinamwake - unyinji wa anthu - anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chomangidwa, anthu akutuluka m'misewu monga momwe anthu amachitira m'mayiko abwino, anthu. kuzungulira White House ndi Capitol, makamu a anthu osiyanasiyana komanso osangalatsa akuyamba kunena ndikuchita zonse molondola.
Zosakwanira monga momwe yankho likukhalira kuphedwa kwa anthu ku Gaza, sichoncho, ku United States, monga momwe adayankhira ku Russia ku Ukraine. Kotero, m'mawu a malemu - ndikutanthauza, o mulungu akadali ndi ife - George W. Bush, ana athu akuphunzira?
Mwina. Mwina. Funso lomwe ndikufuna kuyankha ndiloti ngati alipo amene akutsata mfundo zotsutsana ndi mbali zonse ziwiri kumene akulowera. Ngati mwamvetsetsa kuti kutsutsa kuphedwa kwakukulu kwa anthu wamba ndi mbali ziwiri zankhondo sikuli koyenera kunena koma moona mtima chinthu choyenera kukhulupirira, ndipo ngati mwafuula kuti "Si nkhondo, ndizovuta kwambiri. ” koma tawonanso kuti takhala tikudandaula kuti pafupifupi nkhondo iliyonse kuyambira Nkhondo Yadziko I, ndiye kodi mumatsatira mfundo zomveka? Ngati mbali zonse ziwiri zikuchita zachiwerewere, ngati vuto siliri mbali iliyonse yomwe mwaphunzitsidwa kudana nayo, koma nkhondo yokha. Ndipo ngati nkhondo yokha ndiyo kukhetsa kwakukulu pazinthu zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri potero kupha anthu ambiri mosalunjika kuposa mwachindunji, ndipo ngati nkhondo yokhayo ndiyo chifukwa chomwe tili pachiwopsezo cha Armagedo ya nyukiliya, ndipo ngati nkhondoyo ndiyomwe imayambitsa tsankho, ndi chifukwa chokhacho. chifukwa chachinsinsi cha boma, ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, ndi cholepheretsa chachikulu cha mgwirizano wapadziko lonse, ndipo ngati mwamvetsetsa kuti maboma saphunzitsa anthu awo chitetezo cha anthu opanda zida osati chifukwa sichigwira ntchito komanso zankhondo koma chifukwa akuwopa anthu awo, ndiye tsopano ndinu wothetsa nkhondo, ndipo ndi nthawi yoti tiyambe kugwira ntchito, osapulumutsa zida zathu pankhondo yoyenera, osati kumenyana ndi dziko kuti atiteteze ku gulu limodzi la oligarchs lolemera kuposa lina. gulu la oligarchs, koma kuchotsa dziko lankhondo, mapulani ankhondo, zida zankhondo, ndi malingaliro ankhondo.
Zabwino, nkhondo. Kuwerenga bwino.
Tiyeni tiyese mtendere.
Percy Shelly anatero
Dzuka ngati Mikango atagona
Mu nambala yosagonjetseka -
Sungani matangadza anu padziko ngati mame
Chimene mu tulo chidakugwerani
Inu ndinu ambiri, ali ochepa
