Category: World

Threatened or Actual Harm Can Provoke an Adversary Rather Than Coerce Them

The widespread belief that military action is necessary to national security rests on the logic of coercion: the idea that the threat or use of military violence will make an adversary back down, due to the high costs they would incur for not doing so. And yet, we know that this is often or usually not how adversaries—whether other countries or non-state armed groups—respond.

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Rest in Power, Frank.

Despite the horrors and despair of the past century, there have always been those who have borne witness to and resisted them. And therein lies our history and our hope. Such a person was Frank Showler, who we lost last Thursday at the age of 102.

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