NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Disemba 7, 2019
Incwadi entsha kaSolwazi waseWest Point uTim Bakken Izindleko Zokwethembeka: Ukungathembeki, Usizi, Nokwehluleka Ebuthweni Lase-US Ilandela indlela yenkohlakalo, ubuqaba, ubudlova, kanye nokungaphenduli okuvela ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme zempi zase-United States (eWest Point, e-Annapolis, eColorado Springs) kuya ezikhundleni eziphezulu zenqubomgomo yezempi yase-US kanye nekahulumeni wase-US, futhi kusukela lapho kuya esikweni elibanzi lase-US elisekela isiko elincane lezempi kanye nabaholi balo.
IPhalamende lase-US kanye nabongameli banikeze ojenene amandla amakhulu. UMnyango Wezwe kanye ne-US Institute of Peace bathobela amasosha. Abezindaba bezinkampani kanye nomphakathi basiza ekugcineni leli lungiselelo ngesifiso sabo sokusola noma ubani ophikisana nojenene. Ngisho nokuphikisa ukunikeza i-Ukraine izikhali zamahhala manje sekuwukuvukela umbuso.
Ngaphakathi kwezempi, cishe wonke umuntu unikeze amandla kulabo abanezikhundla eziphezulu. Ukungavumelani nabo cishe kuzoqeda umsebenzi wakho, iqiniso elisiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani izikhulu zempi eziningi kangaka. basho ukuthi bacabangani ngempela ngezimpi zamanje ngemuva nje kokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Kodwa kungani umphakathi uvumelana nempi engalawuleki? Kungani bembalwa kangaka abakhulumayo futhi bephakamisa isihogo ngokumelene nezimpi kuphela I-16% yomphakathi Batshele abahloli ukuthi bayabasekela? Nokho, iPentagon yachitha u-$4.7 billion ngo-2009, futhi cishe ngaphezulu njalo ngonyaka kusukela lapho, ekusakazeni i-propaganda kanye nobudlelwano bomphakathi. Ama-ligi ezemidlalo akhokhelwa ngemali yomphakathi ukuze ahlele “amasiko afana nokukhulekela,” njengoba uBakken echaza ngokufanele ukuduma kwempi, imibukiso yezikhali, ukuhlonipha amabutho, kanye nokuhlabelela izingoma zempi ezandulela imicimbi yezemidlalo yobungcweti. Inhlangano yokuthula inezinto ezinhle kakhulu kodwa ifika ngaphansi kuka-$4.7 billion minyaka yonke ngokukhangisa.
Ukukhuluma ngokumelene nempi kungakwenza uhlaselwe njengomuntu ongathandi izwe noma “uyimpahla yaseRussia,” okusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani abalondolozi bemvelo bengakhulumi ngomunye wabangcolisi ababi kakhulu, amaqembu osizo ababaleki awakhulumi ngembangela eyinhloko yenkinga, izishoshovu ezizama ukuqeda ukudubulana kwabantu abaningi azisho ukuthi abadubuli bangabantu abalwela amalungelo obuhlanga ngokungalingani, amaqembu alwa nobandlululo agwema ukuqaphela indlela impi esakaza ngayo ubandlululo, izinhlelo zezivumelwano ezintsha eziluhlaza noma ikolishi lamahhala noma ukunakekelwa kwempilo ngokuvamile kuyaphumelela ingasaphathwa indawo lapho iningi lemali likhona manje, njll. Ukunqoba lesi sithiyo umsebenzi owenziwa yi World BEYOND War.
UBakken uchaza isiko kanye nesimiso semithetho eWest Point ekhuthaza ukuqamba amanga, okuguqula ukuqamba amanga kube yimfuneko yokwethembeka, futhi kwenze ukwethembeka kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. UMajor General Samuel Koster, uma sibheka esinye sezibonelo eziningi kule ncwadi, waqamba amanga ngamabutho akhe abulala izakhamuzi ezingenacala ezingama-500, wabe esevuzwa ngokuqokwa njengomphathi eWest Point. Ukuqamba amanga kuthuthukisa umsebenzi, into uColin Powell, ngokwesibonelo, ayeyazi futhi eyiqhuba iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kwe-Destroy-Iraq Farce yakhe e-United Nations.
UBakken ubhala ngamanga amaningi adumile ezempi - okwanele ukubenza babonakale njengento evamile. UChelsea Manning wayengenalo ukufinyelela olwazini okuyingqayizivele. Izinkulungwane zabanye abantu zazithule nje ngokulalela. Ukuhlala uthule, uqamba amanga lapho kudingeka, ubungani, kanye nokungabi namthetho kubonakala kuyizimiso zempi yase-US. Ngokungabi namthetho ngisho kokubili ukuthi ulahlekelwa amalungelo akho uma ujoyina amasosha (icala leNkantolo Ephakeme ka-1974 UParker v. Levy (ukubeka amasosha ngaphandle koMthethosisekelo ngempumelelo) nokuthi akukho sikhungo esingaphandle kwamasosha esingabamba amasosha ngesibopho kunoma yimuphi umthetho.
Ibutho lihlukile futhi liyaziqonda ukuthi liphakeme kunezwe labantu abavamile kanye nemithetho yalo. Izikhulu eziphezulu azigcini nje ngokuvikeleka ekushushisweni, kodwa futhi zivikelekile ekugxekweni. Ojenene abangabuzwa muntu bakhuluma eWest Point betshela abesilisa nabesifazane abasebasha ukuthi ngokuba lapho nje njengabafundi bangcono futhi abaphelele.
Noma kunjalo, empeleni banamaphutha impela. I-West Point izenza sengathi iyisikole esikhethekile esinezindinganiso eziphakeme zemfundo, kodwa empeleni isebenza kanzima ukuthola abafundi, iqinisekisa izindawo futhi ikhokhele omunye unyaka wesikole samabanga aphezulu kubadlali abangaba khona, yamukela abafundi abaqokwe ngamalungu e-Congress ngoba abazali babo “banikele” emikhankasweni yamalungu e-Congress, futhi inikeza imfundo yezinga lekolishi lomphakathi kuphela ngokuhlushwa okwengeziwe, ubudlova, kanye nokunciphisa ilukuluku. I-West Point ithatha amasosha futhi ibamemezele njengabaprofesa, okusebenza kanzima kanye nokubamemezela njengabasizi noma abakhi besizwe noma abagcini bokuthula. Isikole sipaka ama-ambulensi eduze ukuze silungiselele amasiko anobudlova. Ukushaya isibhakela kuyisifundo esidingekayo. Abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi ezikhungweni zempi ezintathu kunakwamanye amanyuvesi ase-US.
“Cabanga nje,” kubhala uBakken, “noma yiliphi ikolishi elincane kunoma yiliphi idolobha elincane eMelika lapho ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kusakazeke khona futhi abafundi besebenzisa ama-conduct asebenzisa izidakamizwa kuyilapho izinhlaka zomthetho zisebenzisa izindlela ezisetshenziswa ukunqanda ama-Mafia ukuze zizame ukubabamba. Ayikho ikolishi noma inyuvesi enkulu enjalo, kodwa kunezikole ezintathu zempi ezifanelana nalokhu.”
Abafundi baseWest Point, abangenawo amalungelo oMthethosisekelo, bangaseshwa amakamelo abo ngamasosha ahlomile kanye nonogada nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kungadingeki mvume. Abafundisi, abasebenzi, kanye nama-cadet batshelwa ukuthi babone amaphutha abanye futhi “bawalungise”. I-Uniform Code of Military Justice iyakwenqabela ukukhuluma “ngokungahloniphi” nezikhulu eziphakeme, okudala ukubukeka kwenhlonipho umuntu angakulindela ukuthi ivuselele lokho kanye uBakken akubonisa ukuthi kuyayivuselela: ukuzikhukhumeza, isikhumba esincane, kanye nokuziphatha okujwayelekile noma okufana namaphoyisa kulabo abathembele kukho.
Kwabaphothule eWest Point, amaphesenti angu-74 abika ukuthi “bathanda ukugcina imithetho” kwezepolitiki uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-45 abo bonke abaphothule ekolishi; kanti amaphesenti angu-95 athi “iMelika iyizwe elihle kakhulu emhlabeni” uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-77 kubo bonke. UBakken uqokomisa uSolwazi waseWest Point uPete Kilner njengesibonelo somuntu ohlanganyela futhi okhuthaza imibono enjalo. Ngikwenzile emphakathini izingxabano noKilner futhi bamthola engeqotho neze, engabonisi ukukholisa. Unikeza umbono wokuthi akazange achithe isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle kwebutho lezempi, futhi ulindele ukudunyiswa ngaleyo qiniso.
“Esinye sezizathu zokungathembeki okuvamile empini,” kubhala uBakken, “ukudelela umphakathi ngokwesiko, okuhlanganisa nomyalo wezakhamuzi.” Ukuhlaselwa ngokocansi kuyanda, hhayi ukwehla, empini yase-US. “Lapho ama-cadet e-Air Force ehlabelela,” kubhala uBakken, “ngesikhathi bemasha, ukuthi bazosebenzisa ‘isaha’ ukusika owesifazane ‘ngamabili’ bese begcina ‘ingxenye engezansi bese bekunika phezulu,’ baveza umbono wabo womhlaba.”
“Ucwaningo lwezinga eliphezulu lobuholi bezempi lubonisa ubugebengu obusabalele,” kubhala uBakken, ngaphambi kokuhlola ucwaningo olunjalo. Indlela amasosha abhekana ngayo nobugebengu bocansi yizikhulu eziphezulu, njengoba kulandiswa nguBakken, iqhathaniswa kahle naye nokuziphatha kweSonto LamaKatolika.
Umuzwa wokungavikeleki kanye nelungelo awugcini kubantu abambalwa, kodwa usekelwe ezimisweni. Indoda manje eseSan Diego futhi eyaziwa ngokuthi uFat Leonard yasingatha amaphathi amaningi ocansi e-Asia ezikhulu ze-US Navy ukuze ithole ulwazi oluyimfihlo olubalulekile mayelana nezinhlelo ze-Navy.
Uma okwenzeka empini kuhlala ebuthweni, inkinga ibiyoba ncane kakhulu kunalokho eyikho. Eqinisweni, abafundi baseWest Point badale umonakalo emhlabeni. Babusa izikhundla eziphezulu ebuthweni lase-US futhi bebelokhu beneminyaka eminingi kakhulu. UDouglas MacArthur, ngokusho kwezingcaphuno zesazi-mlando uBakken, “wazizungezile” ngamadoda “ayengeke aphazamise izwe lamaphupho lokuzikhulekela ayekhetha ukuhlala kulo.” UMacArthur, vele, waletha iShayina empini yaseKorea, wazama ukuguqula impi ibe yinyukliya, wayenecala elikhulu lokufa kwezigidi zabantu, futhi — esigamekweni esingavamile kakhulu — wadutshulwa.
UWilliam Westmoreland, ngokusho kombhali wezindaba zomlando ocashunwe nguBakken, “wayenombono ophambene kakhulu kangangokuthi uphakamisa imibuzo eyisisekelo ngokuqaphela kwakhe umongo lapho impi yayilwiwa khona.” I-Westmoreland, vele, yenza ukubulawa kwabantu ngokuqothulwa kohlanga eVietnam futhi, njengoMacArthur, yazama ukwenza impi ibe ngeyenuzi.
“Ukuqaphela ukujula okukhulu kokungacaci kukaMacArthur noWestmoreland,” kubhala uBakken, “kuholela ekuqondeni okucacile kokushiyeka kwezempi nokuthi iMelika ingahlulwa kanjani ezimpini.”
UBakken uchaza u-admiral osethathe umhlalaphansi uDennis Blair njengoletha imikhuba yezempi yokuvinjelwa kwenkulumo kanye nokuziphindiselela kuhulumeni wezakhamuzi ngo-2009 futhi wadala indlela entsha yokushushisa ababiki bezindaba ngaphansi koMthetho Wobunhloli, eshushisa abashicileli abanjengoJulian Assange, futhi ecela abahluleli ukuthi bavalele izintatheli kuze kube yilapho beveza imithombo yabo. UBlair ngokwakhe uchaze lokhu njengokusebenzisa izindlela zamasosha kuhulumeni.
Abaqashi baqamba amanga. Abakhulumeli bezempi baqamba amanga. Icala elenziwa emphakathini ngempi ngayinye (ngokuvamile elenziwa osopolitiki abavamile kanye nelebutho) alithembekile kangangokuthi othile wabhala incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi Impi NgamangaNjengoba uBakken esho, iWatergate kanye ne-Iran-Contra ziyizibonelo zenkohlakalo eqhutshwa isiko lezempi. Futhi, vele, ohlwini lwamanga angathi sína nangenamsebenzi kanye nolaka olutholakala enkohlakalweni yezempi kukhona lokhu: labo ababelwe ukuqapha izikhali zenuzi baqamba amanga, bakhohlise, badakwe, futhi bawe phansi - futhi bakwenza lokho amashumi eminyaka bengalawulwa, ngaleyo ndlela bebeka impilo yonke emhlabeni engozini.
Ekuqaleni kwalonyaka, uNobhala Wezempi Yasolwandle uqambe amanga kuCongress ukuthi izikole zase-US ezingaphezu kuka-1,100 zazivimbela abaqashi bezempi. Mina nomngane wami sanikeza umvuzo uma noma ubani engakhomba eyodwa yalezo zikole. Vele, akekho owayengakwenza. Ngakho-ke, okhulumela iPentagon wakhuluma amanga amasha ukuze afihle endala. Akukhona ukuthi kukhona owayekhathalela - ikakhulukazi iCongress. Akekho kumalungu eCongress aqamba amanga ngokuqondile owayengafika ezingeni lokusho igama elilodwa ngayo; kunalokho, baqinisekisa ukuthi bagcina abantu ababenendaba ngalolu daba bengangeni ezivivinyweni lapho uNobhala Wezempi Wezempi ayefakaza khona. UNobhala waxoshwa ezinyangeni kamuva, emasontweni ambalwa edlule, ngokusolwa ngokwenza isivumelwano noMongameli uTrump ngemuva koNobhala Wezokuvikela, njengoba bobathathu babenemibono ehlukahlukene yokuthi bangavuma kanjani noma bathethelele noma badumise ubugebengu obuthile bempi.
Enye indlela ubudlova obusakazeka ngayo busuka kwezempi buye emphakathini wase-US ngokusebenzisa ubudlova bamasosha asebekhulile, abakha uhlu lwamasosha asanda kuzalwa. abadubula abaningi. Kuleli sonto nje, kube nokudubulana okubili ezisekelweni ze-US Navy e-US, kokubili ngamadoda aqeqeshwe yibutho lase-US, elinye lawo yindoda yaseSaudi eqeqeshwa eFlorida ukundiza izindiza (kanye nokuqeqeshwa ukusekela ubushiqela obunonya kakhulu emhlabeni) - konke okubonakala kugqamisa isimo sokuphindwaphindwa kwempi esifana nesokulwa nama-zombie. UBakken ucaphuna ucwaningo olwathi ngo-2018 lwathola ukuthi amaphoyisa aseDallas ayengama-veteran ayenamathuba amaningi okudubula izibhamu zawo ngenkathi esemsebenzini, nokuthi cishe ingxenye yesithathu yawo wonke amaphoyisa ahilelekile ekudubuleni kwakungamasosha asemasha. Ngo-2017 umfundi waseWest Point kubonakala sengathi walungiselela ukudubula okukhulu eWest Point okwavinjelwa.
Abaningi basinxuse ukuba siqaphele ubufakazi futhi singazamukeli izethulo zabezindaba zobudlova obufana noMy Lai noma u-Abu Ghraib njengezehlakalo ezingavamile. UBakken usicela ukuba siqaphele hhayi nje kuphela indlela esakazekile kodwa nemvelaphi yayo esikweni elibonisa futhi likhuthaze ubudlova obungenangqondo.
Naphezu kokusebenzela amasosha ase-US njengoprofesa eWest Point, uBakken uchaza ukwehluleka okuvamile kwalelo butho, okuhlanganisa neminyaka engama-75 edlule yezimpi ezilahlekile. UBakken uthembekile futhi unembile ngokungajwayelekile mayelana nokubalwa kwabantu abalimele kanye nesimo esibhubhisayo nesilimazayo sokubulawa kwabantu okungenangqondo okwenziwa yibutho lase-US emhlabeni.
Amakoloni angaphambi kwe-US ayebheka amabutho njengoba nje abantu abahlala eduze kwezisekelo zempi zase-US emazweni angaphandle bevame ukuwabheka namuhla: “njengezindawo zokunakekela ububi.” Nganoma yisiphi isilinganiso esinengqondo, umbono ofanayo kufanele ube yinto evamile e-United States njengamanje. Ibutho lase-US cishe liyisikhungo esiphumelela kancane ngokwemigomo yalo (kanye nemigomo yabanye) emphakathini wase-US, ngokuqinisekile liyinhlangano encane kakhulu yentando yeningi, elinye lamacala obugebengu futhi elikhohlakele kakhulu, kodwa njalo futhi ngendlela emangalisayo elihlonishwa kakhulu ezinhlolovo zemibono. UBakken ulandisa ngendlela lokhu kunconywa okungenakuphikiswa okudala ngayo ukuzonda empini. Kugcina nobugwala emphakathini uma kukhulunywa ngokulwa nempi.
“Abaholi” bezempi namuhla baphathwa njengezikhulu. “Ojenene bezinkanyezi ezine kanye nama-admiral namuhla,” kubhala uBakken, “bandiza ngama-jets hhayi nje ngomsebenzi kodwa futhi nasezindaweni zokushushuluza eqhweni, eholidini, kanye nasezindawo zokungcebeleka zegalofu (izinkundla zegalofu zezempi ezingu-234) eziqhutshwa yibutho lase-US emhlabeni wonke, bephelezelwa abasizi abayishumi nambili, abashayeli, onogada, abapheki bezinto zakudala, kanye nama-valets ukuze bathwale izikhwama zabo.” UBakken ufuna lokhu kuphele futhi ukholelwa ukuthi kusebenza ngokumelene nekhono lebutho lase-US lokwenza noma yini acabanga ukuthi kufanele liyenze. Futhi uBakken ubhala lezi zinto ngesibindi njengoprofesa wezakhamuzi eWest Point ophumelele icala lenkantolo ngokumelene nebutho ngenxa yokuziphindiselela kwalo ngokukhuluma kwakhe okubi.
Kodwa uBakken, njengabaningi ababika izindaba, ugcina unyawo olulodwa ngaphakathi kwalokho akudalulayo. Njengazo zonke izakhamuzi zase-US, uhlushwa yi- Impi Yezwe II izinganekwane, okudala umcabango ongacacile nongaphikisani wokuthi impi ingenziwa kahle, ngendlela efanele futhi ngokunqoba.
Usuku oluhle lwePearl Harbor, nonke!
Njengenani elikhulu lababukeli be-MSNBC kanye ne-CNN, uBakken unesifo se-Russiagatism. Bheka lesi sitatimende esimangalisayo esivela encwadini yakhe: “Amanxusa ambalwa e-cyber aseRussia enza okuningi ukuze aphazamise ukhetho lukamongameli lwango-2016 kanye nentando yeningi yaseMelika kunazo zonke izikhali zeMpi Yomshoshaphansi zihlanganisiwe, futhi amasosha ase-US ayengenakukwazi ukuzivimba. Kwakunamathele endleleni ehlukile yokucabanga, eyasebenza eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu edlule.”
Vele, izimangalo ezixakile zeRussiagate mayelana nokuthi uTrump usebenzisana neRussia ukuzama ukuthonya ukhetho lwango-2016 azifaki ngisho nezimangalo zokuthi imisebenzi enjalo empeleni yathonya noma "yaphazamisa" ukhetho. Kodwa-ke, yonke inkulumo yeRussiagate iwucindezela lowo mbono ongenangqondo ngokungaqondile noma - njengalapha - ngokusobala. Okwamanje impi yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi yanquma umphumela wokhetho oluningi lwase-US. Bese kuba nenkinga yokuphakamisa ukuthi amasosha ase-US eze namasu okulwa nezikhangiso ze-Facebook. Ngempela? Obani okufanele babhombe? Kangakanani? Ngayiphi indlela? UBakken uhlala ekhala ngokuntuleka kobuhlakani eqenjini lamaphoyisa, kodwa yiluphi uhlobo lobuhlakani olungakha izinhlobo ezifanele zokubulala abantu abaningi ukuze kumiswe izikhangiso ze-Facebook?
UBakken uyazisola ngokwehluleka kwebutho lase-US ukuthatha umhlaba, kanye nempumelelo yezimbangi zalo ezicatshangelwayo. Kodwa akasiniki nhlobo isizathu sokufisa ukubuswa komhlaba wonke. Uthi ukholelwa ukuthi inhloso yezimpi zase-US ukusabalalisa intando yeningi, bese elahla lezo zimpi njengokwehluleka ngaleyo mibandela. Ucindezela inkulumo-ze yempi ebamba iNyakatho Korea ne-Iran njengezinsongo e-United States, futhi ukhomba ukuthi sezibe izinsongo njengobufakazi bokwehluleka kwebutho lase-US. Bengizothi ukwenza ngisho nabagxeki balo bacabange ngaleyo ndlela kuwubufakazi bempumelelo yebutho lase-US - okungenani emkhakheni wenkulumo-ze.
Ngokusho kukaBakken, izimpi aziphathwa kahle, izimpi ziyalahleka, futhi ojenene abangakwazi ukufeza izinto bakha amasu “angenakunqoba”. Kodwa encwadini yakhe (ngaphandle kwenkinga yakhe yeMpi Yezwe II) uBakken akakaze anikeze isibonelo esisodwa sempi ephethwe kahle noma enqotshwe yi-United States noma omunye umuntu. Ukuthi inkinga ayizi lutho futhi ayihlakaniphile kuyimpikiswano elula ukuyibeka, futhi uBakken unikeza ubufakazi obanele. Kodwa akalokothi asho ukuthi yini ojenene abahlakaniphile abangayenza - ngaphandle kwalokhu: ukuyeka ibhizinisi lempi.
“Izikhulu ezihola amasosha namuhla zibonakala zingenalo ikhono lokunqoba izimpi zanamuhla,” kubhala uBakken. Kodwa akakaze achaze noma achaze ukuthi ukunqoba kuzobukeka kanjani, nokuthi kuzokwakhiwa kanjani. Wonke umuntu ufile? Kusungulwe ikoloni? Umbuso ozimele onokuthula oshiywe ngemuva ukuze uvule amacala obugebengu ngokumelene ne-United States? Umbuso omele ohloniphekile onemibono yentando yeningi eshiywe ngemuva ngaphandle kwezisekelo ezimbalwa zase-US ezisakhiwa lapho manje?
Ngesinye isikhathi, uBakken ugxeka ukukhetha ukuqhuba imisebenzi emikhulu yezempi eVietnam “kunokuba kube nokuhlasela okulwa nokuhlasela.” Kodwa akanezeli ngisho nomusho owodwa ochaza ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo “ukuhlasela okulwa nokuhlasela” okwakungaziletha eVietnam.
Ukwehluleka uBakken akubalisayo njengokuqhutshwa ukuqhosha kwamaphoyisa, ukungathembeki, kanye nenkohlakalo konke kuyizimpi noma ukwanda kwezimpi. Konke kuwukwehluleka ohlangothini olufanayo: ukubulawa kwabantu okungenangqondo kakhulu. Akukho ndawo lapho ecaphuna khona ngisho nenhlekelele eyodwa njengedalwe ukuzibamba noma ukuhlonipha izingxoxo noma ngokusebenzisa ngokweqile umthetho noma ukubambisana noma ukuphana. Akukho ndawo lapho ekhomba khona ukuthi impi yayincane kakhulu. Akukho ndawo lapho edonsa khona ngisho iRwanda, ethi impi engazange ibe khona kwakufanele ibe khona.
UBakken ufuna enye indlela ehlukile eminyakeni embalwa edlule yokuziphatha kwezempi kodwa akakaze achaze ukuthi kungani leyo ndlela kufanele ifake ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi. Yini evimbela ezinye izindlela ezingenabudlova? Yini evimbela ukunciphisa ibutho kuze kube yilapho linyamalala? Yisiphi esinye isikhungo esingahluleka ngokuphelele izizukulwane ngezizukulwane futhi abagxeki baso abanamandla baphakamisa ukuthi liguqulwe, kunokuba liqedwe?
UBakken ukhala ngokuhlukaniswa nokuhlukaniswa kwebutho lamasosha nabanye abantu, kanye nobukhulu obucatshangwayo bobuncane bebutho. Uqinisile ngenkinga yokuhlukaniswa, futhi ngisho nangengxenye ulungile - ngicabanga - ngesisombululo, ngoba ufuna ukwenza ibutho lifane kakhulu nezwe labantu abavamile, hhayi nje ukwenza izwe labantu abavamile lifane nebutho lamasosha. Kodwa ngokuqinisekile ushiya umbono wokuthi ufuna nelilokugcina: abesifazane abasohlwini lokubhalisa, ibutho lempi elenza ngaphezu kwephesenti elilodwa labantu. Le mibono emibi ayiphikiswana ngayo, futhi ayinakuphikiswana ngayo ngempumelelo.
Ngesinye isikhathi, uBakken ubonakala eqonda ukuthi impi yasendulo injani, ebhala, “Ezikhathini zasendulo naseMelika yezolimo, lapho imiphakathi yayihlukanisiwe, noma yiluphi usongo lwangaphandle lwaluyingozi enkulu eqenjini lonke. Kodwa namuhla, uma sibheka izikhali zayo zenuzi nezikhali ezinkulu, kanye nemishini yamaphoyisa yangaphakathi ebanzi, iMelika ayibhekene nosongo lokuhlasela. Ngaphansi kwazo zonke izinkomba, impi kufanele ibe ncane kakhulu amathuba kunangesikhathi esidlule; empeleni, isibe mancane amathuba emazweni emhlabeni wonke, ngaphandle kweyodwa: i-United States.”
Muva nje ngikhulume nekilasi labafundi bebanga lesishiyagalombili, ngabatshela ukuthi izwe elilodwa lineningi lezisekelo zempi zakwamanye amazwe emhlabeni. Ngabacela ukuba baqambe lelo zwe. Futhi-ke baqambe uhlu lwamazwe angenaso isisekelo sezempi sase-US: i-Iran, iNyakatho Korea, njll. Kwathatha isikhathi eside kanye nokuncenga ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani aqagele "i-United States." I-United States izitshela ukuthi ayiwona umbuso, ngisho noma icabanga ukuthi ubukhulu bayo bombuso abunakuphikiswa. I-Bakken ineziphakamiso zokuthi yenzeni, kodwa azihlanganisi ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezempi noma ukuvala izisekelo zakwamanye amazwe noma ukumisa ukuthengiswa kwezikhali.
Uphakamisa, okokuqala, ukuthi izimpi zilwe “ngokuzivikela kuphela.” Lokhu, usazisa, bekuzovimbela izimpi eziningana kodwa kwavumela impi e-Afghanistan “unyaka owodwa noma emibili.” Akakuchazi lokho. Akakhulumi ngenkinga yokungabi semthethweni kwaleyo mpi. Akasinikezi siqondiso sokusazisa ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlaselwa kwezizwe ezimpofu eziphakathi komhlaba wonke okufanele kubalwe “njengokuzivikela” esikhathini esizayo, noma ukuthi kufanele zibe nalelo gama iminyaka emingaki, noma ukuthi “ukunqoba” kwaba yini e-Afghanistan ngemva “konyaka owodwa noma emibili.”
UBakken uphakamisa ukunikeza igunya elincane kakhulu kojenene ngaphandle kwempi yangempela. Kungani lokho kuhlukile?
Uphakamisa ukuthi amasosha abekwe ngaphansi kwesimiso sezomthetho esifanayo nesawo wonke umuntu, futhi kuqedwe i-Uniform Code of Military Justice kanye ne-Judge Advocate General's Corps. Umqondo omuhle. Ubugebengu obenziwe ePennsylvania buzoshushiswa yiPennsylvania. Kodwa ngamacala enziwe ngaphandle kwe-United States, uBakken unesimo sengqondo esihlukile. Lezo zindawo akufanele zishushise amacala enziwe kuzo. I-United States kufanele isungule izinkantolo ezizosingatha lokho. INkantolo Yobugebengu Yomhlaba Wonke nayo ayikho eziphakamisweni zikaBakken, naphezu kokulandisa kwakhe ngokubhujiswa kwenkantolo yi-US ekuqaleni kwencwadi.
UBakken uhlongoza ukuguqula izikole zempi zase-US zibe amanyuvesi azimele. Ngingavuma uma bezigxile ezifundweni zokuthula futhi zingalawulwa uhulumeni wase-United States ophethwe yimpi.
Ekugcineni, uBakken uphakamisa ukuthi ukuziphindiselela ngenkululeko yokukhuluma empini kube yicala. Uma nje ibutho lisekhona, ngicabanga ukuthi lowo ngumqondo omuhle - futhi ongase unciphise leso sikhathi (sokuthi ibutho likhona) ukube bekungengenxa yokuthi kuzonciphisa ingozi yokubhujiswa kwenuzi (okuvumela konke okukhona ukuthi kuhlale isikhathi eside).
Kodwa kuthiwani ngokulawulwa kwezakhamuzi? Kuthiwani ngokufuna ukuthi iCongress noma umphakathi uvote ngaphambi kwezimpi? Kuthiwani ngokuqeda izinhlangano eziyimfihlo nezimpi eziyimfihlo? Kuthiwani ngokumisa ukuhlonyiswa kwezitha zesikhathi esizayo ukuze kuzuzwe inzuzo? Kuthiwani ngokubeka umthetho kuhulumeni wase-US, hhayi kuma-cadet kuphela? Kuthiwani ngokuguqukela ezimbonini ezinokuthula kusukela kwezempi?
Nokho, ukuhlaziya kukaBakken ukuthi yini engalungile ngebutho lase-US kuyasiza ekusenzeni sifinyelele eziphakamisweni ezahlukene kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyazisekela noma cha.
