NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Disemba 7, 2019
Incwadi entsha kaProfesa Tim Bakken Izindleko Zokwethembeka: Ukungathembeki, Hubris, kanye Nokwehluleka Kwezempi zase-US Ilandela umkhondo wenkohlakalo, ubuqaba, udlame, nokungaziphenduli okwenza ukuthi isuke ezifundweni zamasosha aseMelika (iWest Point, i-Annapolis, iColorado Springs) iye ezingeni eliphakeme lenqubomgomo yezempi yase-US kanye nezikahulumeni wase-US, futhi ukusuka lapho kuya isiko elibanzi lase-US, elisekela namasiko amasosha nabaholi bawo.
ICongress of US kanye nabongameli basebenzise amandla amakhulu kumabutho. UMnyango Wezwe kanye ne-US Institute of Peace bayazithobela ezempi. Abezindaba zenhlangano kanye nomphakathi basiza ukugcina lolu lungiselelo ngokuzimisela kwabo ukusola noma ngubani ophikisana nojenene. Ngisho nokuphikisana nokunikela izikhali zamahhala e-Ukraine manje sekuyindlovukazi.
Ngaphakathi kwezempi, cishe wonke umuntu unikeze amandla labo abasezingeni eliphakeme. Ukungavumelani nabo kungenzeka kuphele umsebenzi wakho, iqiniso elisiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani izikhulu eziningi zamasosha ziningi kangaka usho ukuthi bacabangani ngempela ngezimpi zamanje ngemuva nje kokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Kepha kungani umphakathi uhambisana nokukhishwa kwezempi? Kungani bambalwa kangaka abakhuluma futhi bekhulisa isihogo ngokulwa nezimpi kuphela I-16% yomphakathi batshele abantu abangcolisayo ukuthi bayabasekela? Yebo, iPentagon isebenzise amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-4.7 ngonyaka we-2009, futhi cishe ngaphezulu ngonyaka ngamunye kusukela, ekusetshenzisweni kwenkulumo-ze nakubudlelwano bomphakathi. Amaligi ezemidlalo akhokhelwa ngamadola omphakathi ukwenza “amasiko afana nokukhulekelwa,” njengoba uBakken echaza ngokufanele ama-fly-overs, imibukiso yezikhali, ukuhlonishwa kwamasosha, kanye nezingoma zempi ezandulela imicimbi yezemidlalo. Inhlangano yokuthula inezinto eziphakeme kakhulu kepha iza kancane ngama- $ 4.7 billion unyaka ngamunye wokukhangisa.
Ukukhuluma ngokumelene nempi kungakwenza uhlaselwe njengongathandi izwe noma "impahla yaseRussia," okusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani abezemvelo bengakhulumi ngomunye wabangcolisi ababi kakhulu, amaqembu osizo lwababaleki awasho imbangela eyinhloko yenkinga, izishoshovu ezizama ukuqeda ukudutshulwa kwabantu abaningi akukaze kushiwo ukuthi abadubuli bangamaqhawe angalingani, amaqembu alwa nobandlululo ayakugwema ukuqaphela indlela ubusosha obusabalalisa ngayo ubandlululo, izinhlelo zamadili amasha aluhlaza noma ikolishi lamahhala noma ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kuvame ukuphatha ukungasho indawo lapho iningi lemali manje, njll Ukunqoba lesi sithiyo kungumsebenzi owenziwayo World BEYOND War.
U-Bakken uchaza isiko nohlelo lwemithetho e-West Point ekhuthaza ukuqamba amanga, eguqula ukuqamba amanga kube yimfuneko yokwethembeka, futhi wenze ukuthembeka kube yinani eliphakeme kakhulu. UMajor General Samuel Koster, ukuthatha esinye sezibonelo eziningi kule ncwadi, waqamba amanga ngamasosha akhe abulala izakhamuzi ezingenacala zase500, wabe esevuzwa ngokuthi abe ngundunankulu eWest Point. Ukuqamba amanga kushukumisela umsebenzi phezulu, okuthile uColin Powell, ngokwesibonelo, wayekwazi futhi wakwenza iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokubhubhisa kwakhe u-Iraq Farce e-United Nations.
Amaphrofayli kaBakken anamanga amaningi amasosha asezingeni eliphakeme - anele ukuwabeka njengokujwayelekile. U-Chelsea Manning wayengenakho ukufinyelela okuhlukile kolwazi. Izinkulungwane zabanye abantu zavele zalalela ngokuthula. Ukuthula, ukuqamba amanga lapho kunesidingo, ubugebengu kanye nokungabi namthetho kubonakala kuyizimiso zempi yase-US. Ngokungabi namthetho ngisho ukuthi bobabili ulahlekelwa amalungelo akho lapho ujoyina amasosha (icala leNkantolo Ephakeme yango-1974 UParker v. Levy ukubeka ngempumelelo ezempi ngaphandle koMthethosisekelo) nokuthi asikho isikhungo esingaphandle kwamasosha esingabopha amasosha kunoma yimuphi umthetho.
Umbutho wezempi uhlukile futhi uyaziqonda ukuthi ungcono kunezwe lomphakathi nemithetho yawo. Izikhulu ezisezingeni eliphakeme azivikelekile ekushushisweni kuphela, zivikelekile ekugxekweni. Ojenene abangakaze babuzwe yinoma ngubani benza izinkulumo eWest Point betshela abesilisa nabesifazane abasebasha ukuthi ngokuba lapho nje bengabafundi baphakeme futhi abanaphutha.
Noma kunjalo, bayawenza amaphutha empeleni. IWest Point izenza isikole esikhethekile esinamazinga aphezulu ezifundo, kepha empeleni isebenza kanzima ukuthola izitshudeni, iqinisekisa izindawo futhi ikhokhele omunye unyaka wesikole samabanga aphezulu kubadlali abangahle babe ngabasubathi, yamukela abafundi abaqokwe ngamalungu eCongress ngoba abazali babo "banikele" ku imikhankaso yamaLungu eCongress, futhi inikela ngemfundo yomphakathi esezingeni lasekolishi kuphela ngokufaka ubudlova obuningi, udlame, nokunciphisa ilukuluku. I-West Point ithatha amasosha ibabiza njengosolwazi, esebenza cishe futhi ibamemezele njengabasebenzi bokusiza noma abakhi besizwe noma abagcini bokuthula. Isikole sipaka ama-ambulensi eduze ukulungiselela amasiko anobudlova. Isibhakela siyisihloko esidingekayo. Abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kulezi zikole ezintathu zamasosha kunakwamanye amanyuvesi aseMelika.
“Cabanga nje,” kubhala uBakken, “noma yiliphi ikolishi elincane kunoma yiliphi idolobha elincane eMelika lapho ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kudlange khona futhi abafundi besebenzisa izinkampane zezidakamizwa ngenkathi abezomthetho besebenzisa izindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukunqanda iMafia ukuzama ukubabamba. Alikho ikolishi noma inyuvesi enkulu kangako, kodwa kunezikole ezintathu zamasosha ezihambisana nalo mthetho. ”
Izitshudeni zaseWest Point, ezingenamalungelo oMthethosisekelo, zingaseshwa amakamelo azo ngamabutho ahlomile nonogada nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, akudingeki imvume. I-Faculty, abasebenzi, nama-cadet batshelwa ukuthi babone izinyathelo ezingezona zabanye futhi "bazilungise". I-Uniform Code of Military Justice ivimbela ukukhuluma “ngokungahloniphi” nezikhulu eziphakeme, okudala ukubukeka kwenhlonipho umuntu angalindela ukubhebhethekisa lokho iBakken ekhombisa ukuthi kubhebhethekisa: ubudlwangudlwangu, isikhumba esincanyana, kanye ne-prima donna ejwayelekile noma isimilo esifana nesamaphoyisa kulabo abathembele phezu kwakho.
Kwabafundi abathweswe iziqu eWest Point, amaphesenti angama-74 abika “njengabantu abagcinayo” kwezepolitiki uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angama-45 abo bonke abaphothule emakolishi; kanti amaphesenti angama-95 athi “iMelika yizwe elihamba phambili emhlabeni” uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angama-77 ngaphezu kwawo wonke. UBakken uqokomisa uSolwazi uPete Kilner waseWest Point njengesibonelo somuntu owabelana futhi athuthukise imibono enjalo. Ngenze esidlangalaleni izingxabano noKilner futhi bamthola ekude nokuthembekile, okungelula kangako. Unikeza umbono wokuthi akazange achithe isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle kwe-bubble yezempi, futhi elindele ukudunyiswa ngalokho.
"Esinye sezizathu zokungathembeki okuvamile emasosheni," kubhala uBakken, "ukwedelela umphakathi ngezikhungo, kubandakanya nomyalo wezempi." Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kuyakhula, hhayi ukwehla, empini yase-US. "Lapho ama-Air Force cadet ecula," kubhala uBakken, "ngenkathi bemasha, ukuthi bazosebenzisa 'isarha le-chain' ukusika owesifazane 'kubabili' futhi bagcine 'ingxenye engezansi bakunikeze phezulu,' bazwakalisa umbono womhlaba. ”
"Ucwaningo lwesigaba esiphezulu sobuholi bezempi lukhombisa ubugebengu obandile," kubhala uBakken, ngaphambi kokwenza lokho kuhlola. Indlela amasosha enza ngayo ubugebengu bezocansi ngabaphathi abaphezulu, njengoba kulandiswa nguBakken, iqhathaniswa ngokufanelekile naye nokuziphatha kweSonto LamaKatolika.
Umqondo wokuzivikela kanye nelungelo awukhawulelwanga kubantu abambalwa, kepha ubekelwe izikhungo. Umnumzane manje oseSan Diego futhi owaziwa njengoFat Leonard ubephethe inqwaba yamaqembu ezocansi e-Asia ezikhulu ze-US Navy ngenhloso yokuthola imininingwane eyimfihlo eyigugu ezinhlelweni zeNavy.
Uma okwenzeka embuthweni wamasosha kuhlala kwezempi, inkinga ibizoba ncane kakhulu kunalokho eyikho. Eqinisweni, abafundi baseWest Point badale umonakalo omkhulu emhlabeni. Babusa ezinhlwini eziphezulu zamasosha ase-US futhi baneminyaka eminingi, eminingi. UDouglas MacArthur, ngokusho kwesazi-mlando uBakken ucaphuna, “wazizungeza” namadoda “awayengeke aphazamise izwe lamaphupho lokuzikhonza akhetha ukuhlala kulo.” IMacArthur, empeleni, yaletha iChina empini yaseKorea, yazama ukuguqula impi yenuzi, yayinengxenye enkulu ebhekele ukufa kwabantu abayizigidi, futhi - emcimbini ongavamile kakhulu - yaxoshwa.
UWilliam Westmoreland, ngokusho kombhali webhayografi ocashunwe nguBakken, "wayenombono ophawuleka kakhulu ngalokhu okwenza kuphakame imibuzo eyisisekelo yokwazi [kwakhe] ngomongo impi eyayilwa ngayo." I-Westmoreland, yiqiniso, yabulala ukubulawa kwabantu eVietnam futhi, njengoMacArthur, wazama ukwenza impi ibe ngeyenyukliya.
“Ukubona ukujula okumangazayo kobucwebecwebe beMacArthur neWestmoreland,” kubhala uBakken, “kuholela ekuqondeni okucacile kwamaphutha ezempi nokuthi iMelika ingazinqoba kanjani izimpi.”
U-Bakken uchaza umphathi wamasosha osethathe umhlalaphansi u-Dennis Blair njengokuletha umbandela wamasosha wokuvinjelwa kokukhuluma nokuziphindiselela kuhulumeni womphakathi ngo-2009 nokwakha indlela entsha yokushushisa abamemezeli bezinsimbi ngaphansi komthetho i-Espionage Act, ukushushisa abashicileli abanjengo Julian Assange, nokucela amajaji ukuthi avale izintatheli kuze kube bayaziveza imithombo. UBlair uqobo uchaze lokhu njengokusebenzisa izindlela zamasosha kuhulumeni.
Abaqambimanga baqamba amanga. Izipikha zamanga ziqamba amanga. Icala elenzelwa umphakathi ngempi ngayinye (evame ukwenziwa kakhulu ngabezombusazwe njengakwabezempi) alithembeki njalo kangangokuba othile wabhala incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi Impi Ngamanga. Njengoba uBakken ekutshela, iWatergate ne-Iran-Contra yizibonelo zenkohlakalo eqhutshwa yisiko lezempi. Futhi-ke, ezinhlwini zamanga amakhulu futhi amancane nokuthukuthela okutholakala enkohlakalweni yamasosha kukhona lokhu: labo ababelwe ukuqapha izikhali zenuzi baqamba amanga, bakhohlise, badakwe, futhi bawe phansi - futhi bakwenze amashumi eminyaka kungavunyelwe, ngaleyo ndlela babe sengozini konke ukuphila emhlabeni.
Ngasekuqaleni konyaka, uNobhala Wezempi aqambe amanga kuCongress ukuthi izikole ezingaphezu kwe-1,100 XNUMX zase-US bezivimbela abaqashi bezempi. Mina nomngane wami sanikeza umklomelo uma noma ubani engakhomba eyodwa kuphela yalezo zikole. Vele, akekho owayengakwazi. Ngakho-ke, okhulumela iPentagon utshele amanye amanga amasha ukumboza lawa madala. Hhayi ukuthi umuntu ubekhathalela - okungenani kunayo yonke iCongress. Alikho iLungu leCongress eliqambe amanga ngqo elingalethwa eqophelweni lokusho igama elilodwa ngakho; kunalokho, baqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abanendaba nalolu daba bangalalelwa lapho kulalelwa khona uNobhala Wezasolwandle. UNobhala waxoshwa ezinyangeni kamuva, emasontweni ambalwa edlule, ngoba esolwa ngokwenza isivumelwano noMongameli uTrump ngemuva kukaNobhala Wezokuvikela, njengoba bobathathu babenemibono eyahlukahlukene yokuthi bangavuma noma baxolele noma badumise impi ethile ubugebengu.
Enye indlela udlame olusakazekela ngayo kusukela embuthweni iye kumphakathi wase-US ngokusebenzisa udlame lwabasebenza emaphethelweni, abathi ngokungakhethi benza uhlu lwamagama abadubula abaningi. Kuleli sonto nje, kube nokudubula kabili ezakhiweni zamasosha aseMelika e-US, zombili ngamadoda aqeqeshwe amasosha ase-US, enye yawo ingumuntu waseSaudi oqeqeshwa eFlorida ukundiza izindiza (kanye nokuqeqeshelwa ukwenza okuningi ubushiqela obunonya emhlabeni) - konke lokhu kubonakala kugqamisa impi efana nokuphindaphinda nokufana nokuzabalaza kwempi. UBakken ucaphuna ucwaningo olwathi ngonyaka ka-2018 lwathola ukuthi amaphoyisa aseDallas ayengomakadebona ayesengozini enkulu yokuqhumisa izibhamu zawo ngesikhathi esemsebenzini, nokuthi cishe ingxenye yesithathu yawo wonke amaphoyisa athinteka ekudutshulweni ayengamaqhawe. Ngo-2017 umfundi waseWest Point ngokusobala wayelungele isigameko sokudutshulwa kwabantu abaningi eWest Point okwakuvinjelwe.
Abaningi basinxuse ukuthi sibubone ubufakazi futhi singamukeli ukwethulwa kwabezindaba ngezehlakalo ezinje nge-My Lai noma i-Abu Ghraib njengezehlakalo ezingazodwa. I-Bakken isicela ukuthi singagcini nje ngokubona iphethini egcwele kepha imvelaphi yayo isiko elilingisa nokukhuthaza udlame olungenangqondo.
Ngaphandle kokusebenzela amasosha ase-US njengoprofesa eWest Point, uBakken ubeka ukwehluleka okuvamile kwalelo butho, kubandakanya iminyaka edlule ye-75 yezimpi ezalahlekile. I-Bakken ithembeke ngendlela engajwayelekile futhi inembile ngokubalwa kwabantu abalimele nangesimo sokubhubhisa nokungamelani kokuhlatshwa komuntu ongahlanganyeli kwempi yamasosha ase-US emhlabeni.
Abakholoni bangaphambi kweMelika babheka amasosha njengoba abantu abahlala eduze nezikhungo zamasosha aseMelika emazweni aphesheya bavame ukuwabheka namuhla: "njengezikhungo zobuqili." Nganoma yisiphi isilinganiso esinengqondo, umbono ofanayo kufanele uvame e-United States njengamanje. Umbutho wezempi wase-US mhlawumbe uyisikhungo esingaphumeleli kangako ngokwemibandela yaso (kanye nemibandela yabanye) emphakathini wase-US, ngokuqinisekile intando yeningi encane kunazo zonke, enye yezelelesi futhi ekhohlakele kakhulu, kepha ngokungaguquguquki nangokumangazayo ehlonishwa kakhulu ekuvotweni kwemibono. UBakken ulandisa ukuthi lokhu kukholwa okungabazeki kudala kanjani ama-hubris kwezempi. Iphinde igcine ubugwala emphakathini uma kukhulunywa ngempi ephikisayo.
“Abaholi” bezempi namuhla baphathwa njengezikhulu. “Ojenene abanezinkanyezi ezine namuhla,” kubhala uBakken, “zindiza ngendiza hhayi nje ngomsebenzi kodwa nasezindaweni zokushibilika eqhweni, eholidini nasegalofu (izinkundla zamagalofu ezempi ezingama-234) eziqhutshwa amasosha aseMelika emhlabeni wonke, zihambisana abasizi abangu-XNUMX, abashayeli, onogada, abapheki abangohlonze, nama-valets okuphatha izikhwama zabo. ” UBakken ufuna lokhu kuphele futhi ukholelwa ukuthi kusebenza ngokungahambisani namandla amasosha aseMelika okwenza kahle noma yini acabanga ukuthi kufanele ayenze. Futhi ngesibindi uBakken ubhala lezi zinto njengoprofesa wezakhamuzi eWest Point onqobe icala lasenkantolo elibhekene nabezempi ngenxa yokuziphindiselela kwakhe ngokushaya kwakhe amakhwela.
Kepha uBakken, njengamakhwela amaningi, ugcina unyawo olulodwa ngaphakathi lokho akudalula. Njengazo zonke izakhamizi zaseMelika, uhlushwa I-World War II mythologizing, okwakha umcabango ongacacile futhi ongenakuqhathaniswa wokuthi impi ingenziwa kahle nangokufanele futhi ngokunqobayo.
Usuku olujabulisayo lwePearl Harbour, wonke umuntu!
Njengenani elikhulu lababukeli beMSNBC ne-CNN, uBakken uhlushwa yiRussiagatism. Bheka lesi sitatimende esimangazayo esisencwadini yakhe: “Abambalwa abasebenza e-cyber baseRussia benze okuningi ukuzinzisa ukhetho lukamongameli lwango-2016 kanye nentando yeningi laseMelika ukwedlula zonke izikhali zeMpi Yomshoshaphansi ezihlanganisiwe, futhi amasosha aseMelika abengakwazi ukuzivimba. Yayinomqondo ohlukile, owawusebenza eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu edlule. ”
Impela, izimangalo zasendle zeRussiagate mayelana noTrump okuthiwa usebenzisana neRussia ukuzama ukuthonya ukhetho lwango-2016 azibandakanyi ngisho nesimangalo sokuthi lowo msebenzi empeleni ube nomthelela noma "walususa" ukhetho. Kepha, kunjalo, konke okushiwo yiRussiagate kuwududula ngokuphelele lowo mbono ongenangqondo noma - njengoba ulapha - ngokusobala. Khonamanjalo impi ebandayo yeCold War yanquma umphumela wokhetho oluningi lwaseMelika. Bese kunenkinga yokuphakamisa ukuthi amasosha aseMelika aqhamuke nezinhlelo zokulwa nezikhangiso ze-Facebook. Ngempela? Ngubani okufanele aqhumise ibhomu? Malini? Ngayiphi indlela? U-Bakken uhlala ekhala ngokungabi bikho kobuhlakani emaphoyiseni, kepha luhlobo luni lobuhlakani obungahlanganisa izindlela ezifanele zokubulala abantu abaningi ukuze kumiswe izikhangiso ku-Facebook?
UBakken uyazisola ngokwehluleka kwamasosha aseMelika ukuthatha umhlaba, kanye nempumelelo yalabo okuthiwa bayizimbangi zakhe. Kepha akalokothi asinikeze impikiswano ngokufisa ukubuswa komhlaba. Uthi uyakholelwa ukuthi inhloso yezimpi zase-US ukusabalalisa intando yeningi, bese egxeka lezo zimpi njengokuhluleka kuleyo migomo. Ucindezela inkulumo-ze yempi ebambe iNorth Korea ne-Iran ukuthi ibe yizinsongo e-United States, futhi ukhomba ekubeni kwabo yizinsongo njengobufakazi bokwehluleka kwamasosha ase-US. Ngingasho ukuthi ukuthola ngisho nabagxeki bayo ukuthi bacabange ngaleyo ndlela kungubufakazi bempumelelo yamasosha aseMelika - okungenani endaweni yenkulumo-ze.
Ngokusho kukaBakken, izimpi zilawulwa kabi, izimpi ziyalahleka, futhi ojenene abangawazi amakhono basungula amasu "okunqoba". Kepha encwadini yakhe (ngaphandle kwenkinga yakhe yeMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba) uBakken unikeza isibonelo esisodwa sempi ephethwe kahle noma enqotshwe yi-United States noma omunye umuntu. Ukuthi inkinga ojenene abangenalwazi futhi abangenangqondo kuyimpikiswano elula ukuyenza, futhi uBakken unikeza ubufakazi obanele. Kepha akalokothi akhombise ukuthi yini ojenene abahlakaniphile abazoyenza - ngaphandle kwalokhu: yeka ibhizinisi lempi.
"Amaphoyisa ahola umbutho wamasosha namuhla abonakala engenawo amandla okunqoba izimpi zesimanje," kubhala uBakken. Kepha akalokothi achaze noma achaze ukuthi ukuwina kuzobukeka kanjani, ukuthi kuzoba yini. Wonke umuntu ufile? Kwasungulwa ikoloni? Isimo esizimele esinokuthula esisele ngemuva sokuvula amacala okushushiswa kweMelika? Isimo sokumela esihlukanisayo esinokuzenzisa kwentando yeningi eshiye ngemuva ngaphandle kwezisekelo ezidingekayo zezisekelo zase-US manje ezakhiwa lapho?
Ngesinye isikhathi, uBakken ugxeka ukukhetha ukuhola imisebenzi emikhulu yamasosha eVietnam "kunokuphikisana nomthetho." Kepha akangezi ngisho umusho owodwa ochaza ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo "zokuphikisana" okungaletha eVietnam.
Ukwehluleka okubalwa nguBakken njengokuqhutshwa yizikhukhula zamaphoyisa, ukungathembeki nenkohlakalo konke kuyizimpi noma ukwanda kwezimpi. Konke kungokwehluleka ohlangothini olufanayo: ukubulawa kwabantu okungenangqondo ngokweqile. Akukho lapho eveza khona inhlekelele eyodwa njengaleyo eyadalwa ukuzibamba noma ukuhlonipha ubumbano noma ngokusebenzisa ngokweqile umthetho noma ukubambisana noma ukuphana. Akukho lapho eveza khona ukuthi impi yayincane kakhulu. Akukho lapho edonsa khona iRwanda, ethi impi engazange yenzeke kufanele ibe nayo.
U-Bakken ufuna enye indlela ehlukile emashumini ambalwa edlule empi yezempi kepha akaze achaze ukuthi kungani enye indlela kufanele ifake ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi. Yini enqabela ezinye izindlela ezingenabudlova? Yimiphi imithetho evimbela ukukhuphula amasosha emuva ize ihambe? Yisiphi esinye isikhungo esingahluleka ngokuphelele izizukulwane ngezizukulwane futhi abagxeki baso abanzima baphakamise ukusilungisa, kunokusiqeda?
UBakken ukhala ngokuhlukaniswa nokuhlukaniswa kwamasosha kubo bonke abanye abantu, nobukhulu obucatshangwa ukuthi buncane kwezempi. Uqinisile ngenkinga yokwehlukana, futhi ngokwengxenye ulungile - ngicabanga - ngesixazululo, ngoba ufuna ukwenza ezempi zifane nezwe lomphakathi, hhayi nje ukwenza umhlaba wezakhamizi ufane nowezempi. Kepha ngokuqinisekile ushiya umbono wokufuna nowokugcina: abesifazane kokusalungiswa, ibutho lezempi elenza okungaphezu kwamaphesenti ama-1 wabantu. Le mibono eyinhlekelele ayiphikiswa, futhi akunakuphikiswana ngayo ngempumelelo.
Ngesinye isikhathi, uBakken ubonakala eqonda nje ukuthi impi yakudala injani, ebhala, “Ezikhathini zasendulo naseMelika yezolimo, lapho imiphakathi yayihlukanisiwe, noma yiluphi usongo lwangaphandle lwaluyingozi enkulu kulo lonke iqembu. Kepha namuhla, njengoba inikezwe izikhali zayo zenuzi nezikhali ezinkulu, kanye nezinsizakusebenza eziningi zobuphoyisa zangaphakathi, iMelika ayibhekene nosongo lokuhlaselwa. Ngaphansi kwawo wonke ama-indices, impi kufanele ibe mancane kakhulu amathuba kunangaphambilini; empeleni, mancane amathuba okuba amazwe emhlabeni wonke, ngaphandle kwe-United States kuphela. ”
Ngisanda kukhuluma nekilasi labafundi bebanga lesishiyagalombili, ngabatshela ukuthi izwe elilodwa linenqwaba yamasosha angaphandle emhlabeni. Ngabacela ukuba baqambe lelo zwe. Futhi-ke baqamba uhlu lwamazwe asaswele isikhungo samasosha ase-US: i-Iran, iNorth Korea, njll. Kuthathe isikhashana futhi abanye baqhubana ngaphambi kokuthi noma ngubani aqagele “i-United States.” I-United States izitshela ukuthi akuwona umbuso, noma ngabe icabanga ukuthi isiqu sayo sobukhosi asinakubuzwa. I-Bakken ineziphakamiso zalokho okufanele ukwenze, kepha azibandakanyi ukuncipha kwemali yamasosha noma ukuvala izisekelo zakwamanye amazwe noma ukumisa ukuthengiswa kwezikhali.
Okokuqala, uphakamisa ukuthi izimpi zilwe “kuphela ekuzivikeleni.” Lokhu, uyasazisa, bekuyovimbela izimpi eziningi kepha kwavumela impi yase-Afghanistan "unyaka noma emibili." Akakuchazi lokho. Akayikhulumi inkinga yokungabi semthethweni kwaleyo mpi. Akasinikeli umhlahlandlela wokusazisa ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlaselwa kwezizwe ezimpofu maphakathi nomhlaba wonke okufanele kubalwe njengokuzivikela esikhathini esizayo, noma ukuthi kufanele baphathe leyo ilebula iminyaka emingaki, nokuthi empeleni “ukunqoba” I-Afghanistan ngemuva "konyaka noma emibili."
IBakken iphakamisa ukuthi kunikezwe igunya elincane kakhulu lojenene ngaphandle kwempi yangempela. Kungani kunjalo?
Uhlongoza ukubeka amasosha ohlelweni olufanayo lwezomthetho njengabo bonke abanye abantu, futhi kuqedwe neKhodi Efananayo Yobulungiswa Bezempi kanye neJaji Lommeli Jikelele we-Corps. Umbono omuhle. Icala elenziwe ePennsylvania lizoshushiswa yiPennsylvania. Kepha ngobugebengu obenziwa ngaphandle kwe-United States, uBakken unesimo esihlukile. Lezo zindawo akufanele zishushise ubugebengu obenziwa kuzo. Izwe laseMelika kufanele lisungule izinkantolo ezizokuphatha lokho. INkantolo Yamazwe Ngamacala Obugebengu nayo ayitholakali ezincwadini zikaBakken, yize ebenombono wokucekelwa phansi kwale nkantolo yiMelika phambilini encwadini.
U-Bakken uhlongoza ukuguqula izikhungo zezempi zase-US zibe amanyuvesi omphakathi. Ngingavuma ukuthi ngabe bebegxile ezifundweni zokuthula futhi bengalawulwa nguhulumeni wezempi wase-United States.
Ekugcineni, uBakken uhlongoza ukwenza kube yicala ukuphindisela enkulumweni ekhululekile kwezempi. Uma nje ezempi zikhona, ngicabanga ukuthi umqondo omuhle lowo - futhi onganciphisa lelo banga lesikhathi (ukuthi ezempi zikhona) ukube bekungekhona ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi wehlise ubungozi be-apocalypse yenuzi (ivumela konke okukhona ukuhlala isikhashana).
Kepha kuthiwani ngokulawulwa kwezizwe? Kuthiwani ngokufuna ukuthi iCongress noma umphakathi uvote ngaphambi kwezimpi? Kuthiwani ngokuqeda izinhlangano eziyimfihlo nezimpi eziyimfihlo? Kuthiwani ngokumisa ukuphathwa kwezitha zesikhathi esizayo ngenzuzo? Kuthiwani ngokuphoqelela ukubuswa komthetho kuhulumeni wase-US, hhayi kumakethi nje? Kuthiwani ngokuguqukela ebuthweni lezempi libe yimisebenzi enokuthula?
Ukuhlaziywa kukaBakken kokungalungile ngamasosha ase-US kuyasiza ekusiqondiseni kuziphakamiso ezahlukahlukene ukuthi uyawasekela noma cha.
