Ibhalwe nguGuinness Madasamy, World BEYOND War, May 7, 2023
Njengoba sazi kahle, iRussia isabise ngokusebenzisa izikhali zenuzi ukuvimbela amanye amazwe ukuthi aphazamise ukuhlasela kwe-Ukraine. Kuphinde kwaba nemibiko yokuthi uMengameli uPutin uyalele ukuthi kwenziwe amalungiselelo azosetshenziswa uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo. Usongo olubangelwa izikhali zenuzi zaseRussia aluyona into encane.
Isizathu sokwesaba ukuthi iRussia inenani elikhulu lezikhali zenuzi emhlabeni. Kubikwa ukuthi amazwe ayisishiyagalolunye anenani elikhulu lezikhali zenuzi. Lawa mazwe anezikhali zenuzi ezibalelwa ku-12,700. Kepha iRussia ne-US banezikhali zenuzi ezingama-90% emhlabeni. Kulezi, iRussia inezikhali zenuzi ezingu-5,977 1,500, ngokwezibalo ezikhishwe iFederation of American Scientists (FAS), inhlangano elandelela inqwaba yezikhali zenuzi. Ezingu-4,477 1,588 zazo ziphelelwe yisikhathi noma zilindele ukubhujiswa. Kwabasele abayi-812, i-FAS ikholelwa ukuthi i-576 isetshenziswe ezikhalini zamasu (200 emicibisholo ecitshwayo, ama-977 emicibisholo ecitshwayo eyethulwe ngaphansi kolwandle, kanye nama-1,912 ezisekelweni zamabhomu). Izikhali ezingamasu ezingama-XNUMX nezinye eziyi-XNUMX zigcinwe.
I-FAS ilinganisela ukuthi i-US izoba nezikhali zenuzi ezingama-5428. Ngokusho kwe-FAS, i-1,800 yengqikithi yezikhali zenuzi ezingu-5,428 zisatshalaliswa ezikhalini zamasu, i-1,400 yazo ifakwe emicibisholo ye-ballistic, i-300 ezisekelweni zamabhomu e-US, kanye ne-100 ezisekelweni zomoya eYurophu. Zingu-2,000 XNUMX okukholakala ukuthi zigciniwe.
Ukwengeza, ababalelwa ku-1,720 asebephelelwe yisikhathi bagcinwe esitokisini soMnyango Wezamandla futhi balinde ukucekelwa phansi, ngokusho kwemibiko.
Ngemuva kweRussia ne-US, iChina inesitokisi esikhulu sezikhali zenuzi, esinezikhali zenuzi ezingaba ngu-350. I-China inemicibisholo eyi-ballistic eyethulwe emhlabeni engu-280, imicibisholo ecitshwayo eyethulwa olwandle engama-72 kanye namabhomu enuzi adonsela phansi angu-20 azowasebenzisa. Kodwa futhi kunemibiko yokuthi iChina ikhulisa ngokushesha izikhali zayo zenuzi. Ngokombiko we-2021 wePentagon, i-China ihlela ukwandisa izikhali zenuzi zibe ngu-700 ngo-2027 kanye ne-1,000 ngo-2030.
Kanye ne-US, iFrance ithathwa njengezwe elisobala kakhulu mayelana nezikhali zenuzi. Iqoqo laseFrance lezikhali zenuzi ezingaba ngu-300 belilokhu limile kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Owake waba nguMongameli uFrançois Hollande wathi ngo-2015 iFrance yatshala izikhali zenuzi emicibisholo ejikijelwayo eyethulwe ngaphansi kolwandle kanye nezinhlelo zokulethwa kwe-ASMPA.
IFrance yayinezikhali zenuzi ezingaba ngu-540 ngo-1991-1992. Owake waba nguMengameli waseFrance uNicolas Sarkozy wathi ngo-2008 izikhali zenuzi ezikhona manje ezingama-300 ziyingxenye yobuningi bazo beMpi Yomshoshaphansi.
IBrithani inezikhali zenuzi ezingaba ngu-225. Cishe angu-120 alawa alungele ukuthunyelwa emicibisholo ecitshwayo eyethulwe ngaphansi kolwandle. I-FAS ilinganisele le nombolo ngokusekelwe olwazini olutholakala esidlangalaleni nezingxoxo nezikhulu zase-UK.
Usayizi oqondile wenqolobane yenuzi yase-UK ayikakhululwa, kodwa ngo-2010 owayenguNobhala Wezangaphandle uWilliam Hague wathi isamba esiphelele sesikhathi esizayo akufanele sidlule ku-225.
Kuningi ukuqagela mayelana nenani lenuzi lakwa-Israel, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi linezikhali zenuzi eziphakathi kuka-75 no-400. Nokho, isilinganiso esithembeke kakhulu singaphansi kwekhulu. NgokweFAS, kunezikhali zenuzi ezingama-90. Kepha u-Israyeli akakaze ahlole, amenyezelwe esidlangalaleni, noma asebenzise amandla enuzi.
INorth Korea yenze inqubekelaphambili enkulu ekwakheni izikhali zayo zenuzi. Kodwa i-FAS iyangabaza ukuthi iNorth Korea ikwazile ukwenza isikhali senuzi esisebenza ngokugcwele esingafakwa emcibisholo omude we-ballistic. INorth Korea kuze kube manje isiyenze izivivinyo zenuzi eziyisithupha futhi yahlola imicibisholo ejikijelwayo.
Balinganisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi iNorth Korea isikhiqize impahla eyanele ukwakha izikhali zenuzi ezingu-40 kuya kwezingu-50, nokuthi ingakha izikhali eziyishumi kuya kwezingu-10.
Nokho, i-FAS ngokwayo isobala ukuthi inani eliqondile lezikhali zenuzi ezitholakala ezweni ngalinye liyimfihlo yezwe nokuthi izibalo ezikhishiwe zingase zinganembile.
Kubikwa nokuthi abaholi bala mazwe womabili bakhathazekile ngokuthi ukungqubuzana kwezepolitiki kwe-India nePakistan kungase kuphenduke impi yenuzi, eyethusa umuntu ovamile. I-India nePakistan banezikhali zenuzi eziyi-150 lilinye. Ngo-2025, inani labo lizoba okungenani ngama-250 lilinye. Izilinganiso zithi uma kunempi phakathi kwawo, amathani angu-1.6 kuya ku-3.6 crore of soot (izinhlayiya ezincane ze-carbon) azosakazeka emkhathini.
Izikhali zenuzi zinamandla okwandisa izinga lokushisa emkhathini. Ngemva kwezinsuku ngemva kokuqhuma kwawo, imisebe yelanga engaphansi ngo-20 kuya ku-25% ihlasela umhlaba. Ngenxa yalokho, kuzoba nokwehla okungu-2 kuya ku-5 kwezinga lokushisa lomoya. I-5 kuya ku-15% yezilwane zasolwandle kanye ne-15 kuya ku-30% yezitshalo zasemhlabeni zizofa.
Kungaqinisekiswa ukuthi uma womabili la mazwe enamabhomu enuzi anamandla angu-15 kilotons uma kuqhathaniswa namathani angaphezu kuka-100 asetshenziswa eHiroshima, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-50 kuya kwezingu-150 bazofa uma besebenzisa izikhali zenuzi.
I-Russia, izwe elinamandla enuzi okuqala emhlabeni, yakhe isikhungo sokuqala samandla enuzi esintantayo emhlabeni. Umkhumbi ongamamitha angu-140 ubude namamitha angu-30 ububanzi ungaphehla ugesi wamamegawathi angama-80.
Nakuba isifunda sase-Arctic ngokuvamile sisenkingeni yemvelo, isikhungo samandla enuzi esintantayo esifundeni siba olunye usongo. Ososayensi abadumile besaba ukuthi uma isikhungo sokuphehla amandla enuzi singahluleka nganoma iyiphi indlela, kungadala isimo esibi kakhulu e-Arctic kuneChernobyl.
Futhi uhulumeni waseRussia akakwamukeli ukuthi ukwanda kwezimayini esifundeni sase-Arctic ngosizo lwalesi sitshalo kuzokwenza kube nzima ukulingana kwesifunda.
Abaholi abakwamukeli ukuthi izindlela ezithathwa yi-India, Pakistan, US kanye neRussia emkhakheni wezikhali zenuzi zinomthelela omkhulu omubi emvelweni yomhlaba. Abaholi bomhlaba kumele beze ngaphambili ukuze balungise imibono yabo mayelana nalokhu.
Yize amazwe elwela noma ezama ukuba amandla enuzi, ukufa kwabantu ngenxa yendlala kuyanda, ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Afrika.
Ngakho-ke, nginxusa abaholi bomhlaba ukuba bahlanganise inani elikhulu lamabhomu okudla, azoqeda indlala emazweni enu, esikhundleni sokuqongelela amanani amakhulu ezikhali zenuzi. Futhi ngicela bonke abaholi bomhlaba ukuthi basayine isivumelwano sokuvinjelwa kwezikhali zenuzi ukuze kusindiswe umhlaba wethu njengoba sinomhlaba owodwa kuphela.
