Ukuqinisa Izikhungo Zomhlaba Wonke

(Lesi yisigaba 34 se- World Beyond War iphepha elimhlophe I-Global Security System: I-Alternative to War. Qhubeka esandulele | okulandelayo ingxenye.)

Izikhungo zamazwe ngamazwe zokuphatha izingxabano ngaphandle kobudlova ziye zashintsha isikhathi eside. Umzimba womthetho wamazwe omhlaba osebenza kahle uye waqala amakhulu eminyaka futhi udinga ukuthuthukiswa ukuze ube yingxenye ephumelelayo yohlelo lokuthula. Ku-1899 the INkantolo Yobulungisa Yomhlaba Wonke (ICJ; "iNkantolo Yezwe") wasungulwa ukuze agweme izingxabano phakathi kwezizwe ezizwe. I Inhlangano Yezizwe ilandelwe ku-1920. Inhlangano yezizwe ezibusayo ze-58, i-League yayisekelwe esimweni sokuphepha okuhlangene, okungukuthi, uma uMbuso wenza ukuhlukumeza, ezinye izinhlangano zingase zenze izinyathelo zomnotho ezibhekiswe kulowo Mbuso noma, njengendlela yokugcina yokusebenzisa, zinikeza amabutho empi uyinqobe. I-League yaxazulula izingxabano ezincane futhi yaqala imizamo yokwakha ukuthula emhlabeni jikelele. Inkinga yukuthi amazwe alungu ahlulekile, ngokuyinhloko, ukwenza lokho athi bayokwenza, ngakho-ke ukuhlukunyezwa kweJapane, Italy, neJalimane kwakungavinjelwe, okuholela eMpini Yezwe II, impi eyonakalisa emlandweni. Kuyaphawuleka nokuthi i-US yenqabe ukujoyina. Ngemuva kokunqoba okuhlangene, i izizwe Ezihlangene yasungulwa njengomzamo omusha ekuvikelekeni okuhlangene. Futhi inhlangano yezizwe ezibusayo, i-UN kwakufanele ixazulule izingxabano futhi, lapho lokho kwakungenakwenzeka, uMkhandlu wezokuPhepha unganquma ukukhipha izigwegwe noma unikeze ibutho lempi elibhekene nalo ukuze libhekane nombuso wesibhamu.

I-UN iphinde yandisa kakhulu izinhlelo zokuvuselela ukuthula ezitholwa yi-League. Kodwa-ke, i-UN yayinqotshwa yizingqinamba ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye ne-Cold War phakathi kwe-US ne-USSR eyenza ukubambisana okunenjongo kunzima. Amandla amabili amakhulu aphinde ahlele izinhlelo zokubambisana zempi ezihloswe omunye nomunye, I-NATO futhi Isivumelwano se-Warsaw. Ezinye izinhlelo zesifundazwe zombumbano nazo zakhiwe, njenge I-Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). Nakuba izikhungo zamazwe ngamazwe zokuphatha izingxabano phakathi kombuso ziyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokuthula, izinkinga zombili i-League ne-UN ziphakanyisiwe ngokuyingxenye ngenxa yokuhluleka ukuqeda uhlelo lweMpi. Babekwe ngaphakathi kulo futhi ngokwabo behlulekile ukulawula izinhlanga zempi noma izikhali, njll Abanye abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuthi inkinga ukuthi bangabambiswano bezizwe ezizimele ezizibophezele, ekusebenziseni kokugcina (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngaphambili) empini njengoba i-arbiter yezimpikiswano. Kunezindlela eziningi ukuthi i-UN kanye nezinye izikhungo zomhlaba wonke zingalungiswa ngendlela eyakhayo ukuze ziphumelele ngokwengeziwe ekugcineni ukuthula kuhlanganise nokuguqulwa kweMkhandlu wezokuPhepha, i-General Assembly, amabutho okugcina ukuthula kanye nezenzo, ukuxhaswa, ubuhlobo bayo nezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni kanye nokwengezwa kwemisebenzi emisha.

(Qhubeka kuya esandulele | okulandelayo ingxenye.)

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Okuthunyelwe okuhlobene

Bona ezinye izikhala ezihlobene "Ukuphatha Izingxabano Zamazwe Namazwe"

Bona ithebula eligcwele lokuqukethwe I-Global Security System: I-Alternative kuya ku-War