Ukubhekana “Nengozi YaseChina”–Ngayiphi Intengo?

Ekuqaleni kukaJuni 2021, kumyalelo ohlukanisiwe oya kuzikhulu zePentagon, uNobhala Wezokuvikela waseMelika uLloyd Austin. wagxeka uhulumeni wangaphambilini kaTrump ngokukhuluma okukhulu kodwa ungalokothi uthathe isinyathelo sokulwa “nosongo lwaseChina.”

U-Austin ukubeke kwacaca ukuthi izinto zizokwehluka ngaphansi kukaMengameli uBiden. Inkulumo yakhe ethi “insizwa eqinile” ishaya iphimbo elifanele lokulungisa kabusha ingqalasizinda yezempi enkulu, ebizayo, engenza impi evamile yekhulu lamashumi amabili ingabonakali: ama-nukes amaningi, amasosha ambalwa, kanye nenethiwekhi ye-5G enamandla onke.

Umgomo walokhu kulungiswa kabusha uwukunikeza i-United States kanye nabalingani bayo amandla okubiza, ngaso leso sikhathi, amasosha angenamuntu ukuthi anise ukwesaba kunoma iyiphi indawo emhlabeni - uquqaba lwama-drones, imicibisholo ye-hypersonic, ama-torpedoes angaphansi kolwandle kanye namabhomu - konke kalula nje ngokushayela i-Uber.

Le metamorphosis eshintsha umdlalo yokuthi izimpi ziliwa kanjani isivele iqhubeka. Ibizwa ngokuthi I-JADC2 (I-Joint All-Domain Command & Control), isikhungo somyalo esinenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke, esisekelwe emafini, esiqondiswa i-US Space Force esanda kugcotshwa.

Kwakungenxa lokhu ukuthi i-Space Force yadalwa-hhayi njengehlaya likaTrump.

Kodwa-ke, ukukhomba i-China ngalo mbono omusha wokucekela phansi abantu abaningi ngeke kulethe ukuvikeleka komhlaba wonke. Noma ngabe ngandlela thize hhayi ekugcineni ngengxabano yenuzi, izindleko zemvelo kanye nesimo sezulu zokuyala impi evela emkhathini zingaba yingozi enkulu. Noma kunjalo, amalungiselelo ezempi ahlala emakhulu zidlalwa ezindaweni eziningi kakhulu eMhlabeni.

UMongameli uBiden ubambene ngezandla nomsebenzi ka-Austin wokulwa neChina. Okuningi kwe Isicelo sesabelomali sika-Biden sika-$715 billion sesabelomali sika-2022 eyokutshalwa kwezimali ezikhalini ze-hypersonic, intelligence yokwenziwa, i-micro-electronics, ubuchwepheshe be-5G, izinhlelo ezisekelwe emkhathini, ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi kanye "nesimanje" senuzi (funda: ukunwetshwa). Isicelo sifuna ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-28 ukuze "kwenziwe isimanje" i-nuclear triad (ikhono lokwethula ama-nukes asuka emhlabeni, olwandle, nasemoyeni). Isabelomali siphinde sihlanganise nesicelo esikhulu kunazo zonke socwaningo nokuthuthukiswa—amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-112—emlandweni wePentagon.

Cabanga ngalolo hlobo lokusekelwa ekunakekelweni kwezempilo.

Into ngayinye yomugqa iyisikhali esiyingozi, lokho, ngokusobala, esivele sinemiphumela esabekayo. Kodwa, uma kubhekwa ndawonye, ​​njengengxenye ye-JADC2—uhlelo oludidiyelwe, olunezinhlangothi eziningi ezinemishini enesibopho sokudonsa i-trigger—lonke libanda kakhulu kunesamba sezingxenye.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo zemicibisholo esohlwini lwezifiso ze-Biden kukhona ezinye zazo ezidlula imikhawulo yeSivumelwano se-Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) sango-1987. isivumelwano ngo-Agasti 2019, ezinyangeni ezine nje ngaphambi kokudalwa kwe-Space Force. Lokho kusho ukuthi uBiden no-Austin manje sebekhululekile ukusebenzisa imali yabakhokhi bentela kulezi zikhali eziyingozi.

Umhlaziyi wenqubomgomo u-Michael Klare uphawule ukuthi isabelomali salo nyaka singaphansi kwazo zonke izinsongo ezicatshangelwayo ku-bogeyman-du-jour eyodwa: i-China. Impi neShayina, ikakhulukazi, isho ama-nukes amaningi, imicibisholo yebanga elide, nezikhali ezingenamuntu. Lezi zikhali akuzona nje ezosetshenziswa yi-United States, kodwa futhi ngezokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe—okuningi ekuzuzeni ngokwezimali osozimboni bezikhali abafana no-Lockheed Martin noRaytheon.

Ngokwesibonelo, umbiko woMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US owehlisiwe wangowezi-2018 inikeza umyalelo wokudayiselwa izikhali ezengeziwe e-India, “ukuthuthukisa isimo se-India njengozakwethu Omkhulu Wezokuvikela,” kanye “nokweseka ubulungu be-India eQenjini Labahlinzeki Bezikhali Zenuzi.” Umnyombo wombono omkhulu we-Pentagon womhlaba wonke uwukwakha, kusukela phansi kuya phezulu, ingqalasizinda eqinile nethambile lapho umbutho osanda kwakhiwa wasemkhathini ungasebenza khona.

Njengoba nje kwabekwa uhlelo lomgwaqo ohlanganisa izwekazi lonke ngeminyaka yawo-1950 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikusasa elinenzuzo embonini yezimoto, le ngqalasizinda entsha—ehlanganisa i-5G, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, amarokhethi okuqalisa amarokhethi, iziteshi zokulandela imicibisholo, amasathelayithi, ama-nukes, kanye ne-inthanethi exhunywe kwi-inthanethi. imikhumbi yemikhumbi engenamuntu, amajethi, ama-subs, i-hypersonic, nezinye izikebhe—izoqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwezikhali okunenzuzo enokwethenjelwa embonini yezikhali.

Ngokuhambisana nengqalasizinda yezempi kuzoza nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwengqalasizinda yezokuphepha ehlobene, njengokubhekwa okwengeziwe nokuqoqwa kwedatha yawo wonke umuntu emhlabeni. Njengelungu lebhodi langaphambili e-Raytheon, u-Lloyd Austin umi kahle ukuze akhiphe lokhu. Eqinisweni, ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala njengonobhala wezokuvikela, uklomelise ngaphezu kuka-$2.36 billion ezinkontilekeni zomkhiqizi wezikhali ezicitshwayo ake wasebenza ngokwethembeka.

Usongo lwaseChina = Ingozi Ephuzi

IPentagon inakho izigidigidi zamarandi ngonyaka ukuze ichithelwe ebuhlotsheni bomphakathi, kanye nokuhlambalaza i-China sekuyinto ehamba phambili ka-Lloyd Austin. Udweba isithombe sokuphuthuma kabi kangangokuthi kubonakala ukuphela kwendlela yokubhekana nenselele ukuxhasa i-Weapons New Deal yakhe ephelele.

Uma ingqalasizinda entsha yezempi isisebenza ngokugcwele, i-Space Force izobe ihlonyiselwe ukubusa iplanethi. Kuze kube manje, i- Ikhephu yeSivumelwano se-INF ebangeni lemicibisholo kuvimbele ukuqaliswa kwalo mbono, uma kubhekwa ibanga le-hemispheric phakathi kweChina ne-United States. Manje njengoba isivumelwano singasasebenzi, nokho, ithiyetha yase-Indo-Pacific iyindawo ekahle yokuqalisa le ndlela entsha yempi ethembele kumasathelayithi ukuletha iziteleka kucace ngaphesheya kweplanethi.

Izinkulungwane zamasathelayithi sezivele zikhona; izinkulungwane ezengeziwe uzolandela, sibonga imizamo yangasese ngabathandwa ngu-Elon Musk noJeff Bezos. I-United States njengamanje isebenza nge-UN ukwenza i-5G ibe sezingeni emhlabeni jikelele. Ama-algorithms manje ayabhalwa ukususa izinqumo zomuntu ezimpini. Izixhobo zasePacific sezivele zimbiwe, amahlathi acekelwe phansi, futhi ababhikishi baboshwa eziqhingini ezizungeze iChina ukuze benze izindawo zokucekela phansi neziqhumane zamarokhethi—izindawo zengqalasizinda yempi yomhlaba.

Enye yalezo “zindawo” isesigodini saseSoseong-ri, amakhilomitha angama-200 eningizimu-mpumalanga yeSeoul. Abalimi bamakhabe lapho banolwazi olubuhlungu, lokuqala lokusebenzisana kweNingizimu Korea ne-ajenda yePentagon. Maphakathi no-March, ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu yokubhikisha komphakathi ngokumelene nokuthunyelwa kwe-THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defense) uhlelo lwemicibisholo, ULloyd Austin wabhikisha kakhulu izimo ezimbi zesisekelo se-THAAD, ezizibiza ngokuthi "azimukeleki."

Ngemuva kwenkulumo ka-Austin ehlambalazayo, uhulumeni waseNingizimu Korea wathumela cishe inkulungwane yamaphoyisa odlame eSoseong-ri ukuze asuse ngenkani izakhamizi ekuvimbeni izingxenye zesisekelo se-THAAD zokwakha ukuthi zingangeni endaweni yamasosha. Lokhu kwenzeke izikhathi ezine ngokushesha kulandela isitatimende sika-Austin futhi selokhu kwenyukele kabili ngesonto, ngokusho kwesishoshovu sokuthula u-Sung-Hee Choi.

U-Choi ubonisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-THAAD lwenziwa ngu-Lockheed Martin futhi i-radar ehambisanayo yenziwa nguRaytheon, lapho u-Austin esebenza khona ebhodini. UChoi wengeza ngokuthi unovalo mayelana nokushuba kwesimo sezempi ezweni lakhe nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Asia: “Ngicabanga ukuthi inzondo yakamuva emelene ne-Asia ifana nokulungiselela impi emelene neNyakatho Korea neChina, njengalapho abaphathi bakaBush besebenzisa kabi imibono emelene namaSulumane. ngaphambi nje kokuhlasela kwe-Afghanistan ne-Iraq."

I-Pacific Pivot kanye ne-First Island Chain

Abahleli bezempi bebelokhu bekhulisa lesi sikhathi seRubicon neChina okungenani iminyaka eyishumi, kusukela lapho u-Obama ememezela “iPacific Pivot” yakhe ngase-Asia. Kusukela lapho, imiphakathi esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific iye yabhekana namalungiselelo anemininingwane, e-ecocidal empi egcwele neChina. Izinsiza zemvelo zicekelwe phansi ukuze kwakhiwe ingqalasizinda egcwele umhlaba wonke, enenethiwekhi yokuthunyelwa kwemicibisholo kanye nokulandela ngomkhondo ngesathelayithi.

Lesi bekuyisigaba sokuqala sokwenza isisekelo sabangu-21^st impi yekhulu leminyaka. Isicelo samanje sikaBiden soxhaso sizokwandisa lokhu kushintshaniswa kabusha kwamasu amasosha kube yisigaba sesibili.

Iningi lezindawo ezicekelwe phansi yiPentagon sezigxilile kuze kube manje ochungechungeni lweziqhingi ezinqamula ugu lwaseChina. Lezi ziqhingi zilawulwa ngokwezombangazwe yiJapane, iNingizimu Korea, iTaiwan kanye nePhilippines—izizwe ngokwazo sezivele zigcwele impi.

Osomaqhinga bempi babiza lokhu ngokuthi “i-First Island Chain.” Uhlelo lwe-JADC2 luyathuthukiswa kucatshangelwa le geography ethile. “Ukuhlanganiswa Kwephrojekthi,” ukuzivocavoca kwempi yoMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US, kwenzeka esikhathini esisukela esifundazweni sase-Washington kuya eNyakatho Carolina, kuphindaphinda ibanga elihambisana ne-First Island Chain.

I-First Island Chain ingelinye lamaketanga amathathu eziqhingini zasePacific ezikhala eChina emabangeni ahlukahlukene. Ngasempumalanga, iSecond Island Chain yakhiwe yiGuam nezinye iziQhingi zaseMariana. I-Third Island Chain, ngisho nasempumalanga emaphakathi nePacific, iyiqoqo leziqhingi zaseHawaii.

Emasuni empi, la maketango asebenza imisebenzi eminingana: njengesithiyo okufanele sigqekezwe umhlaseli, njengodonga oluyisivikelo oluzoqiniswa umvikeli, nanjengesisekelo lapho kukhwezwa khona ukuhlasela. Ziphinde zisebenze njengezimpawu zokuma kwe-geopolitical zokulinganisa umthelela wesifunda, yingakho ukulawula i-Taiwan kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma i-United States ilahlekelwa yiTaiwan iye ezweni laseChina, lokho kuzobonisa ukwembulwa kokubusa kwe-US esifundeni.

Iziqhingi ezinhle ezithambile ze-First Island Chain ziwohloke kakhulu angaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Ziyikhaya lezinhlobo eziningi ezitholakala kuphela njengeponi ye-Yonaguni, i-Ryukyu damselfly, unogwaja wase-Amami, kanye nohlobo olusanda kuqokwa lwe-pufferfish olwakha ama-mandala esihlabathi phansi olwandle ukuze ahehe umlingani. Esikhumulweni sezindiza esincane e-Ishigaki Island, izimvemvane zendawo ziyandiza endaweni engemuva kwekhawunta yokungena. Edolobheni, izihlahla zokuhlobisa eziklelise umgwaqo zisekela amalulwane alele alenga njengemihlobiso enoboya.

Izazi zemvelo zesaba ukuthi lezi zilwane manje sezizobhujiswa. Kwakhiwe isiteshi sokulandelela i-radar, naphezu kombhikisho womphakathi, phezu komgodi wokuchelela wamahhashi ase-Yonaguni. Irada yayo yamaza aphezulu cishe izobulala inala yempilo yezinambuzane etholakala esiqhingini, njengezimvemvane kanye nebhu le-Ayamihabiru elinamaphiko angama-intshi angu-10 ububanzi.

I-Amami-Oshima, isiqhingi esihlala singakaze sithintwe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, manje sesingcolisiwe. Ihlathi lalo elidala, eliminyene elinezitshalo nezilwane eziyingqayizivele, lacekelwa phansi ezindaweni ezimbili ukuze kuthunyelwe imicibisholo, kuyilapho intuthuko ehambisanayo ilimaza ugu nezinye izindawo ezimaphakathi nezwe. Eziqhingini zase-Ishigaki naseMiyako, kwakhiwe izinsiza ezengeziwe zokuthunyelwa kwemicibisholo ngokumelene nentando yabantu bendawo.

Ngaleso sikhathi, e-Okinawa, amashumi ezinkulungwane zezakhamizi amashumi eminyaka aphikisana nokuba khona kwe-US. I-barbarity yakamuva: inhlabathi equkethe inani elingenakubalwa lamathambo okhokho base-Okinawan kanye namasosha ase-US - bonke ababulawa eMpini yase-Okinawa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II - ihlelelwe ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yokulahla imfucuza phansi kwe-Oura Bay. Iminyaka emine, abantu bendawo benqabe ngonya ukwakhiwa lapha kwesizinda somoya esisha sase-US, okuhloswe ngaso ukuba isikhungo esibalulekile se-JADC2. Itheku elithandekayo seliyikhaya izinkulungwane zeminyaka endaweni enkulu eyivelakancane yamakhorali aluhlaza emhlabeni kanye nezinhlobo zezilwane zasendle ezibhalwe phansi eziyi-5,334.

Amasosha ase-US ayaqhubeka nokuhlukumeza i-Jeju Island ngasogwini lwaseNingizimu Korea futhi. Lapho, izakhamuzi, abadobi, kanye nabalimi be-tangerine bebebhikisha ngonya iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi ngokwakhiwa kwesizinda samasosha asolwandle esiya ethekwini i-Lockheed Aegis-missile enezinto ezicekela phansi izicebi. Isizinda saqedwa ngo-2015, kodwa izinhlelo zisezinhlelweni zokwakha iqoqo lezinsiza ezintsha ezizohambisana nesizinda samasosha asolwandle, okuhlanganisa isikhumulo sezindiza esisha, isiteshi sokulandelela imicibisholo, isiteshi se-radar yesimo sezulu, kanye nesikhungo sokusebenza ngesathelayithi.

Imifudlana edumile yaseJeju ephuzwayo manje isingcolisiwe, amakhorali ayo agujwa yi-UNESCO acishiwe, namaxhaphozi ambozwe ngokhonkolo. I-Jeju Island iyashintsha, ngesikhathi sangempela, isuka kwesinye sezimanga zemvelo ezithandwa kakhulu e-Asia iye kwenye ihabhu ebalulekile yemisebenzi ye-JADC2 yempi yasemkhathini.

I-Second Island Chain: i-Marianas

Isifiso "sokulungela impi" siphoqa iPentagon ukuthi iqeqeshe amasosha ukuze asebenze kahle. Kodwa amasosha azoziqeqeshela kanjani i-paradigm-shifting JADC2, ehluke kakhulu ezimpini zamanje njengoba osheke besuka ku-3-D chess?

Okokuqala, ngaphandle kwamasosha—noma ambalwa kakhulu—ukulwa kwabantu kuzothathelwa indawo izimpi eziqhutshwa ebangeni lomhlaba wonke nangesivinini esikhulu. Abahleli bezempi bathi amabutho ahlomile azoncipha futhi “ashaye ngamandla, ngokushesha nangokudlulela phambili.” Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuqeqeshwa kuzothatha indawo ethe xaxa, ngesidingo, phezu kolwandle oluvulekile oluhlangene nezilwane zasendle. Sekungamashumi eminyaka ukujwayela kwemikhumbi yempi kwenzeka ezindaweni zasolwandle ezizungeze i-Korea, i-Guam, i-Okinawa, i-Hawaii, ne-California. Akushiwo ukuthi bebelokhu bewuhlupho kubahlali, abadobi, abantu bomdabu kanye nezilwane zasolwandle.

Manje, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane ne-JADC2, izindawo ezinwebe kakhulu zolwandle zibekelwe eceleni ukuzivivinya kwezempi unyaka wonke.

Isibonelo esibi kakhulu yi- UMitt (I-Mariana Islands Training and Testing), uhlelo lokuguqula amamayela-skwele angaphezu kwesigidi semvelo ehlukahlukene ibe inkimbinkimbi enkulu kunawo wonke eyake yaba khona yokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu nokudubula. Indawo ethintekile ingaba nkulu kunezifunda zaseWashington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Montana, neNew Mexico zihlangene.

Izivivinyo zezempi ezinkulu kakhulu zamazwe ngamazwe olwandle oluvulekile emlandweni zizokwenzeka lapha, ikhaya lezinhlobo ezingu-26 zama-cetaceans. Umbutho wasolwandle ngokwawo ulinganisela ukuthi imisebenzi yawo izokhubaza noma ibulale imikhomo namahlengethwa angaphezu kuka-81,000 XNUMX ngonyaka. Futhi lokho akubali abalimala bemvelo okulindelekile kwezinye izigaba zokuzivocavoca ezikhona, njengalezo eziseduze. Hawaii, California, Alaska, e-Australia, oLwandle LwaseJapane, naseBay of Bengal.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkulungwane zezakhamuzi zaseMariana zibhikishela uhlelo lokuguqula iziqhingi zokhokho bazo zibe indawo yempi yonyaka wonke. Izingxenye ezinkulu ze-Guam ne-Tinian zizoba yizindawo zokudubula ezizinikele, ezibekwe eduze kwamadolobha nezindawo ezingomakhelwane. Ukuzijwayeza ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu esiqhingini saseFarallon de Medinilla, okuyindawo ethandwa izinyoni ezifudukayo, kuzokwenyuka kusuka ezitelekeni ezingu-2,150 ngonyaka kuye kwezingu-6,000 ngonyaka. Futhi okudabukisayo kakhulu, sonke isiqhingi esimangalisayo samaPagan sihlelwe ukuthi sihlaselwe okungapheli okugcwele emoyeni, emhlabeni, nasolwandle. Lesi siqhingi kulindeleke ukuthi sibekezelele ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kusuka odakeni nasemicibisholo ejikijelwayo, izilwane zaso zasendle ezilinyazwa ama-sonar, ama-torpedoes, amabhomu esandla, umkhuba wokuhlala phansi ophihliza ama-amphibious amphibious, kanye nokuqhunyiswa kwenqwaba yokuhlola. Ngenxa yesimo sobukoloni sabantu baseziqhingini zase-Mariana, abakwazanga ngokusemthethweni ukufuna ukuba sobala nokuziphendulela kuhulumeni wase-US.

Lokhu kungabi namandla kwalethwa impumuzo enkulu lapho amasosha abhuqa abantu abangu-3,000 XNUMX bangcwaba ukwenza indlela yokuqeqeshwa kokudubula bukhoma. Izinsalela zafakwa, i-pell-mell, emabhokisini amakhadibhodi futhi zagcinwa emahhovisi ahlukene angadalulwanga esiqhingini sonke. Inqwaba yemibuzo evela kubantu bakulesi siqhingi ayiphendulwanga. Ukwengeza inhlamba ekulimaleni, uhla lokudubula luzobekwa phezu kwe-aquifer ebaluleke kakhulu yesiqhingi.

Ephendula kulokhu kuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu, imbongi yomdabu yase-CHAmoru nommeli, uJulian Aguon, wafaka isicelo ngo-2020 kanye Nombiko Okhethekile We-UN Wamalungelo Abantu Bomdabu egameni leqembu lamalungelo endabuko i-Prutehi Litekyan: Gcina i-Ritidian. Ababhali abathathu abakhethekile ke wathumela incwadi ngoMashi kuMongameli uBiden ukuveza ukukhathazeka ngamalungelo abantu, imithelela yezemvelo, namalungelo endabuko. Umengameli akakaphenduli.

Izinzuzo Ezingapheli Zemidlalo Yezempi

I-assortment yokuzivocavoca okukhulu okuhlanganyelwe kwe-naval kwenzeka minyaka yonke ngaphesheya kwe-Pacific. Imicimbi ihanjelwa amazwe angabaxhasi bemboni yezikhali yase-US ngendlela efana neyebhola likanobhutshuzwayo noma isizini yebhola. Lawa mazwe ahlanganisa iJapan, Korea, India, Australia, Brunei, Vietnam, Malaysia, France, Singapore, Indonesia, Cambodia, kanye neThailand.

I-prototype ibe yi- Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) izivivinyo, ebanjwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili emanzini aseHawaii kusukela ngo-1971 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi iphinde isebenze ngo-2022. Ngo-2018, i-RIMPAC yadonsa amasosha angu-25,000 52, imikhumbi engu-26 kanye nemikhumbi-ngwenya evela emazweni angu-XNUMX. Abathengisi bezikhali abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba babuka i-RIMPAC njengethuba lokubukisa ngezinto abazithengisayo, okwenza umcimbi ube yingxenye ye-Vegas trade show, ingxenye yeNdebe Yomhlaba. Ngempilo yasolwandle, amaviki amane e-blitzkrieg.

Lokhu kuhambisana kahle nenqubomgomo ecashunwe ku Umbiko we-Indo-Pacific Strategy wango-2019, ebiza ukuthengiswa kwezempi yangaphandle ukuthi "ithuluzi lokuqala ekuqiniseni imifelandawonye nokuheha ozakwethu abasha.” Ngamanye amazwi, e-United States, ukusebenzisana akusekelwe kufilosofi eyabiwe yobulungisa kanye nokuxoxisana. Kunalokho, abambelele ngokuqinile ekuthengisweni kwezikhali.

Lobo budlelwano, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bubheke kakhulu isitha esisodwa: i-China. URaytheon othembekile uLloyd Austin uye wacaca ngokungananazi ukuthi owakhe reason d'etre ukuhlukumeza iChina. Futhi umongameli kanye neCongress babonakala bejabule ukwamukela.

Bahlala beyiziba indlela engcono kakhulu yokusabela ethonyeni elikhulayo laseShayina, elifana nezokuxhumana. Hashing out