NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War
“Ungavumeli abaphelele babe yisitha sabahle!”
“Ungabi i-purist enjalo!”
“Yiba nesu!”
“Yenza okusemandleni akho!”
"Awunakuphika iqiniso / imvelo yomuntu / umbhalo wenkolo."
Imishwana esetshenziselwe ukuphikisa iziphakamiso zoshintsho olukhulu ayikashintshi kangako emakhulwini eminyaka, kuzo zombili izincazelo zaleyo nkulumo. Akungabazeki ukuthi la mazwi azwakala kangcono ezimweni ezithile kunezinye, kuya ngemininingwane. Kepha kukonke, ngithola ukuthi zizwakala zimbi kakhulu selokhu isimo sivalekile ekuweni kwesimo sezulu, futhi njengoba ingozi yenhlekelele yenuzi ifinyelele kwirekhodi layo lamanje eliphakeme futhi elikhuphuka ngokushesha.
Ngisanda kufunda incwadi entsha ebizwa Impi, uMthetho, Nobuntu nguJames Crossland obheka imizamo yokulawula noma yokuqeda impi kusukela ngawo-1850 kuya phezulu ekuqaleni kwawo-1900. Olunye uhlobo lomcabango kwakuwukuthi impi yayidinga ukuqedwa futhi kufakwe ukubuyisana okungenabudlova. Okunye ukuthi impi kwakudingeka ilawulwe, odokotela nabahlengikazi bangeniswa ezinkundleni zempi, amazinga agcinelwe ukwelashwa kweziboshwa, izikhali ezithile ezivinjelwe, njll. Abameli bokuthula bahlekwa usulu njengabaphuphi. Abenzi bobuntu kwakungabadlali “beqiniso.”
Omunye kumele manje abhale umlando kusuka esikhathini esizayo esingekho. Umlando ngeke ukwazi ukwahlulela noma yikuphi noma ngabe ubani ngoba angeke ube khona ebuchosheni babo bonke abathintekayo be-homo sapiens. Kodwa singakwazi, ukuqedwa kwangaphambili, sicabange indlela yethu phambili futhi ubuke emuva. Uma siqeda ukubhujiswa kwezikhali zenuzi, labo abazama ukuqeda impi bayobe beyiziphupho ezimbi? Noma ingabe uhulumeni wezwe noma ukugunyaza okugunyazayo noma ukulwa nesidakamizwa kuzodla kancane kancane uma ngabe ezinye iziphakamiso zokuthula zikhonjiswe amashumi eminyaka njengoba i-Apocalypse ibonakala i-apocalypse?
UCrossland wenza umsebenzi omuhle wokuxoxa indaba yenguquko kusuka ezimpini lapho abalimele bashiywa khona ukuba babubule kabuhlungu enkundleni yempi izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba bafe ezimpini lapho kwathathwa khona izinyathelo ezinkulu zokusindisa abalimele futhi uma kungenzeka babalungiselele phuma uye ekubulaweni okuningi futhi mhlawumbe ufe. Impi YaseCrimea yaletha nobuntatheli bempi, obabuletha ukukhathazeka komphakathi ngokulahlwa kwamasosha alimele njengodoti ongaka. Ngokushesha okukhulu lokho okuthiwa ukuhlupheka okungenasidingo kwahlukaniswa nokuhlupheka okwakudingeka. Ukuhlupheka okuningi kwakubangelwa izifo ezinjengekholera ezisabulala izisulu eziyinhloko zempi - manje eseyizakhamizi, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi amasosha.
Uhlangothi olungasenyakatho lweMpi Yomphakathi yase-US lunikeza imibono eminingi evela kubantu abahlaselayo beMpi YaseCrimea, ngoba umphakathi wase-US wawukhathalela amasosha, futhi ngenxa yokuthi amasosha ayezobona amasosha enempilo engcono kunalabo abagulayo noma abafile.
I-US nayo yagqugquzela abaseYurophu ukuthi baphoqelele ukulawulwa kwama-extravaganza amahle ngokwanele, okwaholela kwi-Geneva Convention yokuqala nase-Red Cross. Lokhu kugqugquzelwa kwakusendabeni yezempilo nemithi, kepha futhi nasendaweni yomthetho. I-Lieber Code kaFrancis Lieber yabeka imingcele ezimpini ezifanelekile futhi yabeka ukuthi noma ikuphi ukulinganiselwa kungasuswa egameni "lesidingo sezempi" noma - ngamanye amagama - noma yikuphi ukwethuka uGeneral Sherman ayekuzwa njengokwenza. Ngakho-ke, bobabili abasizi bezenhlalakahle kanye nababulali abanesifiso sokubulala bajabula ngokufanayo.
Phakathi neMpi Yomphakathi yase-US, iBrithani yasiza i-Confederacy ukwakha imikhumbi. I-US emva kwempi idinga ukubuyiswa. Lawa mazwe amabili aye e-arbitration ku-1871 nabameleli base-Italy, eSwitzerland naseBrazil. Kwabe sekuthula, futhi imodeli yatholakala kuwo wonke amazwe ayezimisele, kwezinye izimo, ukulungisa ukuthula kunokulwa nezimpi ezazifunayo.
EYurophu, abenzi bokuthula bazama ukunqoba izingqungquthela zomuntu, kuyilapho imizamo yokuhlaselwa kwabantu ehlanjululwe ngokuthula. Mhlawumbe uma bobabili amaqembu ehlangene ngokugcwele ngenxa yesinye sezizathu noma enye, lokho kubangele kube nethuba elingcono.
Ngenkathi uMbusi waseRussia esekela imizamo yokuthula, omunye wabaholi abamele ukuthula wabhalela omunye ukuthi manje, ekugcineni, “izwe ngeke likhale i-Utopia!” Angazi ngomhlaba, kepha ohulumeni bezizwe ezenza impi bayishoshozela, kufaka phakathi ingqungquthela yaseHague ka-1899.
Abaningi bafunda ukukhazimula utopia okuningi kakhulu ngemva kweMpi Enkulu, eyaphela ikhulu leminyaka edlule lokhu Novemba 11th. Futhi-ke bonke abantu abacishe babe ngu-8 kanye nezinja ezimbalwa bafunde ukuyimemeza ngevolumu ephezulu kumakhorasi ngokulandela enye inkathi kanye nempi yaseKorea nokusungulwa kwe-permawar. Izigidi zabantu manje zingabashayi abaqeqeshwe kahle kangangokuba konke okudingeka ukwenze ukusho ukuqedwa kwempi noma ukuqedwa kukaphethiloli noma ukuphela kwezimboni zenyama noma ukuboshwa noma ukuvinjelwa kwezibhamu. Eqinisweni, konke okudingeka ukwenziwa e-United States ukuphakamisa amazinga okubhujiswa noma amazinga wobusoshiyali ezingeni laseYurophu ukukhiqiza ukukhala kwezindlebe kwe-utopia kubantu abangafuni umzuzu bacabange ukuthi iYurophu ingumuntu onamandla.
Ngokwamukelekayo, okuhloniphekile okungeyona into enhle, ukuwa kwesimo sezulu kudala impi. Izenzela yodwa. Akunabantu abathintekayo. Kungani kufanele babe? Abantu abasebenzisa intando yabo ukushintsha izinto kuyinto engasho lutho. Empeleni, inqubekela phambili enkulu, engashisi futhi ekhululekile, umuntu akakwazi ukuyeka ukushayela eweni, kepha angasebenzisa amandla amakhulu ukufaka ama-wiper ewindow. Uma lokho kungcono kakhulu okungenziwa, kufanele ukuthi kube lapho amandla ethu onke eya khona. Kepha akekho owake wakhomba noma ibuphi ubufakazi bokuthi kungcono kakhulu okungenziwa, noma yisiphi isizathu sokuthi kufanele sizihloniphe uma singazami yenza kangcono.
