Cela Ukuhlanzeka Ngokugubha iminyaka Engamashumi Ayisithupha ye-Russell-Einstein Manifesto

Kwakuyiminyaka engu-60 impela edlule lapho uBertrand Russell no-Albert Einstein bahlangana ndawonye neqembu lezihlakaniphi eziholayo eLondon ukuze bhala futhi usayine i-manifesto lapho bagxeka khona umkhankaso oyingozi wokuya empini phakathi kwamaqembu omhlaba amaKhomanisi namaKhomanisi. Abasayini balo mqulu we-manifesto bahlanganisa abawine uMklomelo KaNobel abahamba phambili njengo-Hideki Yukawa no-Linus Pauling.

Babengagwegwesi, belinganisa ugqozi lwempi nokukhuluma budedengu mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi ezazishanela i-United States neSoviet Union ngaleso sikhathi, njengokubeka sonke isintu engozini. I-manifesto yaphikisa ngokuthi ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi ukusungulwa kwebhomu le-athomu, kubeke umlando womuntu endleleni entsha futhi okungenzeka ibe yinhlekelele.

I-manifesto yasho ngamagama ahlabayo ukukhetha okubhekene nesintu:

Nansi-ke inkinga esiyethula kini, icacile futhi eyesabekayo futhi engagwemeki: Ingabe sizoyiqeda isintu; noma ingabe isintu siyoyiyeka impi?

I-Russell-Einstein Manifesto yaphoqelela ukubhekwa kabusha okujulile kwendlela yamasu ayingozi lapho i-United States yayibheke khona ngaleso sikhathi futhi kwakuyisiqalo sokulungiswa kabusha komqondo wezokuphepha owawuzoholela ekusayinweni kweSivumelwano Sokungavimbeli Ngo-1968 izingxoxo zokulawula izikhali ngeminyaka yawo-1970.

Kodwa asiduduzi kangako lezo zinto esizifezile namuhla. I-United States isikhohliwe ngokuphelele ngezibopho zayo ngaphansi kweSivumelwano Sokungavikeleki, futhi amagama athi “ukulawula izingalo” anyamalele engxoxweni yezokuphepha. Ngonyaka odlule i-United States ibhekane neRussia e-Ukraine kangangokuthi abaningi baye bakhuluma ngezingozi zempi yenuzi.

Ngenxa yalokho, ngoJuni 16 walo nyaka iRussia yamemezela ukuthi izokwengeza Ama-ICBM amasha angama-40 ukuphendula utshalomali lwe-United States eminyakeni emibili edlule ekuthuthukiseni amandla ayo enuzi.

Ukungezwani okufanayo kuye kwavela phakathi kwe-Japan ne-China mayelana ne-Senkaku/Diaoyutai Isles naphakathi kwe-United States ne-China phezu koLwandle oluseNingizimu ye-China. Izingxoxo mayelana nokwenzeka kwempi neChina ziyavela kwabezindaba zaseNtshonalanga ngemvamisa eyandayo, futhi kuqubuka umfutho ophazamisa kakhulu wokulwa nobudlelwano baseMelika ne-Asia.

Kodwa kulokhu, izingozi zempi yenuzi ziphelezelwa usongo olulinganayo, noma olukhulu: ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngisho nomkhuzi we-US Pacific Command, u-Admiral Samuel Locklear, utshele Boston Globe ngo-2013 ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu “cishe kuyinto okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi yenzeke . . . lokho kuzokhubaza isimo sezokuphepha, okungenzeka kakhulu kunezinye izimo esivame ukukhuluma ngazo.''

Muva nje, uPapa uFrancis ukhiphe incwadi enemininingwane, futhi engacacile, enikezelwe ekusangweni kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu lapho abeka khona icala:

Kuyamangaza ukuthi kube buthaka kangakanani izimpendulo zezepolitiki zamazwe ngamazwe (ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu). Ngakho-ke, okukhulu kakhulu umuntu angakulindela ukukhuluma okukha phezulu, izenzo zokuphana ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nezinkulumo ezivamile zokukhathalela imvelo, kuyilapho noma yimuphi umzamo wangempela wamaqembu emphakathini wokwethula ushintsho ubhekwa njengenkathazo esekelwe emibonweni yothando noma isithiyo okufanele sigwenywe.

Njengoba unyaka wama-60 we-Manifesto kaRussell-Einstein wawusondela, ngakhungatheka ngokwandayo ukungenzi lutho okuphelele phakathi kwabafundile kakhulu nabaxhumene kakhulu phakathi nesikhathi esiyingozi kakhulu emlandweni wanamuhla futhi mhlawumbe emlandweni wesintu, onyantisayo ngisho nangaphezu kwalokho. inhlekelele uRussell no-Einstein ababeyicabanga. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi sibhekene nokwanda kwamathuba empi yenuzi, kodwa kunezimpawu zokuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuqhubeka ngokushesha kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambilini. I-Science Magazine esanda kukhishwa a cwaningo esibikezela ukubhujiswa okukhulu kolwandle uma silandela izitayela zamanje, futhi ngisho nezinguzunga zeqhwa zeNhlonhlo Ye-Antarctic EseNingizimu, okwakucatshangwa ukuthi zizinzile kakhulu, zibhekwa njengeziqine kakhulu. ukuncibilika ngokushesha. Futhi nokho asiboni ngisho nemizamo ekha phezulu kakhulu yokuzivikela kulokhu kusongelwa kwemibuso emikhulu.

Ngakhuluma ngokwethukela mayelana nokukhathazeka kwami ​​nomngane wami uJohn Feffer, umqondisi weNqubomgomo Yezangaphandle ku-Focus kanye nozakwethu we-Asia Institute. UJohn ubhale kabanzi ngesidingo sokukhomba ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu njengosongo oluyinhloko lwezokuphepha futhi usebenze eduze noMiriam Pemberton we-Institute for Policy Studies emizamweni yokususa i-United States emnothweni wezempi. Phakathi kwethu sobabili sihlanganise inguqulo ebuyekeziwe kancane ye-manifesto egqamisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu - udaba olwalungaqondakali ngo-1955 - futhi ngalokhu siyishicilele ngendlela yesicelo sokuthi simeme noma ngubani emhlabeni ukuthi asisayine. . Le nguqulo entsha ye-manifesto ivulekele bonke abantu, ayikhawulelwe kuleyo yeqembu elikhethekile labawine uMklomelo KaNobel.

Ngiphinde ngakhuluma noDavid Swanson, umngane wami kusukela ezinsukwini zami ngisebenza emkhankasweni kaDennis Kucinich wokuqokwa kweDemocratic Alliance emuva ngo-2004. Manje uDavid usebenza njengomqondisi wenhlangano. World Beyond War, umzamo obanzi wokwenza kuvunyelwane ngokuthi impi ayisenayo indawo esemthethweni emphakathini wesintu. Ucele ukwethula i-manifesto eqenjini elibanzi lezishoshovu futhi savumelana ngokuthi Inqubomgomo Yezangaphandle ku-Focus, i-Asia Institute kanye World Beyond War izoxhasa ngokuhlanganyela i-manifesto entsha.

Ekugcineni, ngathumela uhlaka ku-Noam Chomsky owavuma ngokushesha ukulusayina futhi wanikeza ukuphawula okulandelayo.

NgoJanuwari odlule Iwashi Losuku Lwembubhiso elidumile lasondezwa emizuzwini emibili kwasondela phakathi kwamabili, okuyilona eliseduze kakhulu selokhu kwaba novalo olukhulu lwempi eminyakeni engu-30 edlule. Isimemezelo esihambisana nalesi sihloko, esaxwayisa ngokuthi usongo oluqhubekayo lwempi yenuzi “nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu okunganqandwayo” kusongela kakhulu impucuko yabantu, kusikhumbuza isixwayiso esibuhlungu kubantu bomhlaba eminyakeni engu-60 nje edlule esakhishwa uBertrand Russell no-Albert Einstein, bebabiza. ukubhekana nokukhetha “okugqamile, okwesabekayo nokungenakugwenywa: Ingabe sizowuqeda uhlanga lwesintu; noma ingabe abantu bayoyiyeka impi?” Kuwo wonke umlando wesintu, akukaze kube khona ukukhetha okunjengalokhu esibhekene nakho namuhla.

Isimemezelo sokugubha iminyaka engu-60 ye-Russell-Einstein Manifesto siboniswa ngezansi. Sinxusa bonke abantu abakhathazekile ngekusasa lomuntu kanye nempilo ye-Biosphere Yomhlaba ukuthi bahlanganyele nathi ekusayineni isimemezelo, futhi bameme abangani namalungu omndeni ukuthi asayine. Isitatimende singasayinwa ku- ikhasi lesicelo kuwebhusayithi ye-DIY RootsAction:

Isimemezelo ku-60^th Usuku Lwesikhumbuzo se-Russell-Einstein Manifesto

July 9, 2015

Ngenxa yokwanda kwengozi yokuthi ezimpini ezizayo kuzosetshenziswa izikhali zenuzi nokunye okusongela ukuqhubeka kobuntu, sinxusa ohulumeni bomhlaba ukuthi babone, futhi bavume esidlangalaleni, ukuthi inhloso yabo ngeke iqhutshekwe ngempi yezwe, futhi siyabanxusa, ngenxa yalokho, ukuthi bathole izindlela ezinokuthula zokuxazulula zonke izindaba ezingqubuzanayo phakathi kwabo.

Siphakamisa futhi ukuthi bonke ohulumeni bomhlaba baqale ukuguqula lezo zinsiza ezabelwe ngaphambilini ukulungiselela izingxabano ezibhubhisayo zibe inhloso entsha eyakhayo: ukuncishiswa kokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nokudalwa kwempucuko entsha esimeme emhlabeni wonke.

Lo mzamo ugunyazwe Inqubomgomo Yezangaphandle ku-Focus, i-Asia Institute, kanye World Beyond War, futhi yethulwa ngoJulayi 9, 2015.

Ungasayina, futhi ucele wonke umuntu omaziyo ukuthi asayine, lesi simemezelo lapha:

http://diy.rootsaction.org/p/man

Kungani lesi simemezelo sibalulekile?

Eminyakeni engu-60 impela eyedlule namuhla, izihlakaniphi eziholayo ezaziholwa uBertrand Russell kanye no-Albert Einstein zahlangana eLondon ukuze zisayine i-manifesto ezwakalisa ukukhathazeka kwazo ngokuthi umzabalazo phakathi kweqembu lamaKhomanisi namaKhomanisi enkathini yebhomu le-hydrogen waqinisekisa ukubhujiswa kwesintu.

Nakuba kuze kube manje siye sayigwema impi yenuzi lezo zihlakaniphi ezaziyesaba, ingozi imane ihlehliswa. Usongo, oluphinde lwavela muva nje ngezingxabano zase-Ukraine naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, selukhule kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushesha okusheshayo kokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kusongela ukubeka izikhali zenuzi, nezinye izikhali eziningi ezicekela phansi okufanayo, ezandleni zendilinga ekhulayo yezizwe (futhi okungenzeka ngisho "nabalingisi abangebona bezwe"). Ngaso leso sikhathi, abanikazi bokuqala bezikhali zenuzi bahlulekile ukuthobela izibopho zabo ngaphansi kweSivumelwano Sokungabhebhetheki sokucekela phansi inqwaba yabo.

Futhi manje sibhekene nosongo olukhona olungase lubhekane nemiphumela elimazayo ngisho nempi yenuzi egcwele: ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ukuxhashazwa ngonya kwezinsiza zethu kanye nokuthembela ngokweqile kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi ngokungacabangi kubangele ukuphazamiseka okungakaze kubonwe kwesimo sezulu sethu. Kuhlanganiswe nokuhlasela okungenakuncishiswa kwamahlathi ethu, amaxhaphozi ethu, izilwandle zethu, namapulazi ethu lapho siphishekela izinzuzo zesikhashana, lokhu kunwetshwa komnotho okungenakusimama kusifikise onqenqemeni lwalasha.

The I-manifesto yokuqala yango-1955 ithi: “Kulesi senzakalo asikhulumi njengamalungu aleso sizwe noma aleso sizwe, izwekazi, noma izivumo zokholo, kodwa njengabantu,” amalungu ohlobo lwesintu “okungatshazwa kwaso okuqhubekayo.”

Sesifikile isikhathi sokuthi siphume emcabangweni osontekile nodukisayo wenqubekela phambili nentuthuko esiyenge yasiholela ekubhujisweni.

Ongqondongqondo banomthwalo wemfanelo othile wobuholi ngenxa yobuchwepheshe babo obukhethekile kanye nokuqonda mayelana namandla esayensi, amasiko, nawomlando aholele ebunzimeni bethu. Phakathi kwe-mercenary element ephishekela i-ajenda yezithakazelo ezincane ngaphandle kokunaka imiphumela kanye nesakhamuzi esivame ukudangala, ukudukiswa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi esingenandaba nongqondongqondo kuwo wonke umkhakha wocwaningo kanye nomkhakha womsebenzi. Kuyasifikela ukuthi sigxeka ukusheshiswa budedengu kwezikhali kanye nokucekelwa phansi kobugebengu kwe-ecosystem. Sesifikile isikhathi sokuthi siphakamise amazwi ethu ngomzamo obumbene.

Abasayini bokuqala

U-Noam Chomsky, uprofesa ophumayo, MIT

NgoJanuwari odlule Iwashi Losuku Lwembubhiso elidumile lasondezwa emizuzwini emibili kwasondela phakathi kwamabili, okuyilona eliseduze kakhulu selokhu kwaba novalo olukhulu lwempi eminyakeni engu-30 edlule. Isimemezelo esihambisana naso, esaxwayisa ngokuthi usongo oluqhubekayo lwempi yenuzi kanye “nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu okunganqandwayo” kusongela kakhulu impucuko yabantu, kusikhumbuza isixwayiso esibuhlungu kubantu bomhlaba eminyakeni engu-50 nje edlule esakhishwa uBertrand Russell no-Albert Einstein, bebabiza. ukubhekana nokukhetha “okugqamile, okwesabekayo nokungenakugwenywa: Ingabe sizowuqeda uhlanga lwesintu; noma ingabe abantu bayoyiyeka impi?” Kuwo wonke umlando wesintu, akukaze kube khona ukukhetha okunjengalokhu esibhekene nakho namuhla.

UHelen Caldicott, umbhali

Kwakuyi-manifesto kaRussell Einstein mayelana nosongo lwempi yenuzi eminyakeni engu-60 edlule eyangiqala ohambweni lwami lokuzama ukuqeda izikhali zenuzi. Ngabe sengifunda futhi ngashwabadela imiqulu emithathu yomlando wokuphila kukaRussell eyaba nethonya elimangalisayo ekucabangeni kwami ​​ngiseyintombazanyana.

I-manifesto yayinengqondo ngendlela engavamile kakhulu eyabhalwa ongqondongqondo ababili abakhulu emhlabeni, futhi ngiyamangala ngempela ukuthi umhlaba wangalesosikhathi wawunganakanga neze isixwayiso sawo sangaphambili, futhi namuhla siyimiyalo yobukhulu engozini enkulu kunaleyo esasiyiyo eminyakeni engama-60. edlule. Ohulumeni bomhlaba basacabanga ngokwemibandela yakudala yokuphindisela nokubulawa ngenkathi izikhali zenuzi eRussia nase-US zigcinwa ziqaphile, futhi lezi zizwe ezimbili ezinamandla kakhulu zenuzi zisebenzisa impi yenuzi ngesikhathi sokushuba kwesimo sezulu esishubile isimo Ukraine kanye neMpumalanga Ephakathi. Eqinisweni kuyinhlanhla ukuthi siselapha kulo mhlaba wethu omuhle.

U-Larry Wilkerson, uColonel Wezempi wase-United States osethathe umhlalaphansi futhi owayeyisikhulu sabasebenzi kuNobhala Wezwe u-Colin Powell.

Kusukela enkabeni yeYurophu kuya eNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia, kusukela eSouth China Sea kuya e-Arctic, ukungezwani kuyanda njengoba umbuso womhlaba okuwukuphela kwawo ugijinywa emisebenzini ezungezile ikakhulukazi oyenzayo futhi ecekela phansi amandla awo kanye nokonakala kobuholi bawo. Lokhu, nakuba inselelo ecindezela kakhulu yomuntu—ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni—kusongela inhlekelele yawo wonke umuntu. Izinqwaba zezikhali zenuzi zengeza ingozi kulesi simo esivele siqhuma. Thina bantu asikaze siphonselwe inselelo enamandla kangaka–futhi ngokusobala singakwazi ukwenza lutho ngakho.

U-Benjamin R. Barber, umongameli, Iphrojekthi Yephalamende Yomhlaba Wonke YeziMeya

UNaomi Klein, umbhali we Lokhu Kushintsha Konke

UDavid Swanson, umqondisi, World Beyond War

U-John Feffer, umqondisi, Inqubomgomo Yezangaphandle Ekugxileni

Emanuel Pastreich, umqondisi, Isikhungo sase-Asia

ULeah Bolger, usihlalo, ikomidi lokuxhumanisa, World Beyond War

Ben Griffin, umxhumanisi, Veterans For Peace UK

UMichael Nagler, umsunguli nomongameli, I-Metta Center for Nonviolence

UJohn Horgan, intatheli yesayensi nombhali we Ukuphela kweMpi

U-Kevin Zeese, umqondisi-kanye, i-Popular Resistance.

U-Margaret Flowers, MD, umqondisi-kanye we-Popular Resistance

UDahr Jamail, intatheli yabasebenzi, Truthout

U-John Kiriakou, ozakwabo, i-Institute for Policy Studies kanye ne-CIA Torture Whistleblower

UKim Hyung yul, umongameli we-Asia Institute kanye noprofesa womlando, i-Sook Myung University

Choi Murim, uprofesa wezokwelapha, i-Seoul National University

UColeen Rowley, umenzeli we-FBI osethathe umhlalaphansi futhi owayengumeluleki wezomthetho weSigaba saseMinneapolis

U-Ann Wright, uColonel Wezempi wase-US osethathe umhlalaphansi kanye nowayeyisikhulu saseMelika

UMike Madden, iphini likamongameli, iVeterans For Peace, Isahluko 27 (umakadebona we-US Air Force)

U-Chante Wolf, i-Air Force yeminyaka eyi-12, iDesert Shield/Storm veteran, ilungu leSahluko 27, Veterans For Peace

UWilliam Binney, owayengumqondisi wezobuchwepheshe we-NSA, Ukuhlaziywa Kwezwe Lomhlaba Nezempi kanye nomsunguli we-SIGINT Automation Research Center.

Jean Bricmont, uprofesa, Université Catholique de Louvain