by Intando yeningi Manje, Agasti 19, 2021
Okulotshiweyo
AMY U-GOODMAN: Lokhu Intando yeningi Manje!, democracynow.org, I-War and Peace Report. Ngingu-Amy Goodman.
Njengoba siqhubeka nokubheka i-Afghanistan, sihlanganiswa noMatthew Hoh, owayeyisikhulu soMnyango Wezasolwandle kanye noMnyango Wezwe. Ngo-2009, waba yisikhulu sokuqala sase-US esaziwa ukuthi sishiye isikhundla saso sikhalaza ngempi yase-Afghanistan. Ngesikhathi esula emsebenzini, ubesebenza njengesikhulu esiphakeme saseMelika esifundazweni saseZabul emngceleni wePakistan. Encwadini yakhe yokwesula, uMatthew Hoh ubhale wathi, “Ngilahlekelwe ukuqonda nokuzethemba ngezinhloso zamasu okuba khona kwe-United States e-Afghanistan. Nginokungabaza futhi nginokungabaza mayelana necebo lethu lamanje kanye necebo lesikhathi esizayo elihleliwe, kepha ukusula kwami akuxhomekile ekutheni siyiphishekela kanjani le mpi, kodwa ukuthi kungani futhi kwenzekani. ” UMatthew Hoh manje ungumlingani eCentre for International Policy.
UMathewu, wamukelekile futhi Intando yeningi Manje! Ngabe ungaphendula hhayi kuphela okwenzekile e-Afghanistan, kepha nokusakazwa ngabezindaba base-US ngalokhu nokuthi ngubani owenza lo mlando?
UMATHEWU HOH: Ngiyabonga ngokungibuyisela emuva, Amy.
Ngiqonde ukuthi, ngukuthi - ngicabanga ukuthi okuwukuphela kwento ebuhlungu kakhulu kunalokho okwenzeke kubantu base-Afghanistan ukuthi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa iMelika izobe isikhohliwe i-Afghanistan futhi. Ngakho-ke, njengamanje sibona inani elikhulu lokumbozwa. Okuningi kakhulu ukumbozwa kabi, kulula kakhulu, ukunamathela ekulandiseni kwempi, ukwehluleka ukubheka ubufakazi. Ngisho, njengamanje ukulandisa okukhona ukuthi i-Afghanistan iwile ngoba uJoe Biden udonse amasosha angama-2,500 XNUMX ezweni elilingana neTexas. Lokho kufana nokujula futhi, uyazi, ukuthi bekungena kule ngxoxo emithonjeni eminingi yezindaba yaseMelika.
Le mpi - noma, lokhu kuphela - futhi akufanele ngithi “ukuphela,” ngoba i-Afghanistan isendaweni eyingozi kakhulu njengamanje. Lokhu kungaba ukuqala, uyazi, ukuthi kuzoba yini ukuthula okunonya, ukuthula okungenabulungisa, kepha mhlawumbe ithuba lokuthi ama-Afghans akhe kabusha futhi abuyisane, uma udlame lugcinwa lincane. Noma kungaba yisigaba esilandelayo kule mpi yombango ebuyela emuva ngeminyaka yama-1970s, ngoba lokho onakho, unabaphathi bezimpi, iningi labaphathi bempi elasekela amaTaliban emasontweni noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule - kodwa-ke abaphathi bezimpi abangazange - kanye nabesilisa kuhulumeni abanjengo-Amrullah Saleh, owayeyiphini likamongameli ka-Ashraf Ghani, manje ozibiza ngomongameli osemthethweni wase-Afghanistan, kanye nezinduna zempi ezifana noMohammad Atta Noor, Abdul Rashid Dostum, abalekele izwe. Lawa ngamadoda angadikibali kalula. Lawa ngamadoda afuna ukubuyisela emuva lokho akholelwa ukuthi kungokwabo. Futhi lawa ngamadoda anomlando omude nowaseMelika CIA. Futhi kulapho ukuthembeka kwe-CIA kungahle kube khona.
Ngakho-ke, sisendleleni lapha okungenzeka kube khona indlela, ngenxa yalokhu kuthula okunesihluku nokungafanele, okubheke ekwakheni kabusha ukubuyisana, noma lesi kungaba yisigaba sokuqala kuphela engxenyeni entsha yale mpi yombango eqhubekayo, ngoba abaseMelika bheka lokhu bese uthi, “Bheka, le ndlela i-Afghanistan ibibukeka ngayo ngoSepthemba 10, 2001. Kukhona ezinye izinduna zempi eziqoqwe kwezinye izifundazwe. AmaTaliban alawula izwe lonke. ” Futhi ngingakuqinisekisa ukuthi kunabantu eWashington, DC, njengamanje abathi, “Sakwenza ngo-2001. Singaphinda sikwenze. Futhi kulokhu sizokwenza kangcono. ” Futhi-ke, kuyisimo esesabeka kakhulu ukuba lapho, ngicabanga, njengamanje kuma-Afghani, ngezizathu eziningi.
Kodwa-ke, maqondana nokusakazwa kwabezindaba, uyabona - uyazi, ukukubeka nje, ubona abantu abafanayo abebephutha ngale mpi benyathelwa kaninginingi. Ukuphawula kulula. Ithembele ekulandiseni. Unabahlaziyi abasho izinto ngempi, mayelana nokuthi i-Afghanistan, ngaphambi kokuhoxa kukaJoe Biden, yayisesikhathini sokuzinza okulinganiselwe, ukuthi kube nenqubekela phambili kanjani - uyazi, mane uqede amanga nokuqamba okulula kakhulu ukubheka iqiniso , kepha lokho akunjalo.
Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi yingakho uJoe Biden engahamba ayokhuluma nomphakathi waseMelika ngoMsombuluko ngempi ecekele phansi izimpilo zezigidi, ukuhlupheka okungaka, kanti uJoe Biden angavula amazwi akhe ngokuqamba amanga athi uphikisana nokwanda kwabantu ngo-2009, okuyinto angazange ayiphikise - uyazi, ngokuyisisekelo, wayefuna nje ukuthumela amasosha amancane kunoMongameli u-Obama, ama-10,000 angaphansi kuka-100,000; lokho kwakungukuphikisana kukaJoe Biden nempi e2009: thumela i-90,000 kune-100,000 - futhi, futhi, namanga akhe okuthi i-United States ibingakwenzi kanjani ukwakha isizwe. Kunendawo yabezindaba lapha lapho uJoe Biden nabantu bakhe babazi ukuthi angavele avule lawo mazwi ngalawo manga, futhi kuzokwamukelwa nje.
AMY U-GOODMAN: Ake sihambe - ake sibuyele enkulumweni kaMongameli Biden ngoMsombuluko, lapho engena evela eCamp David njengoba ayegxekwa kakhulu ngezinxushunxushu zaseKabul nalokho okwenzeka e-Afghanistan. Leli ikheli lakhe mayelana nomsebenzi wase-US e-Afghanistan.
PRESIDENT I-JOE IBIDIDI: Ngiphikise iminyaka eminingi ukuthi inhloso yethu kufanele igxile kobugebengu, hhayi ukuphikisana noma ukwakhiwa kwesizwe. Yingakho ngiphikisana nokwanda lapho kuhlongozwa ngo-2009, ngenkathi ngiyiphini likamongameli.
AMY U-GOODMAN: UMathewu Hoh?
UMATHEWU HOH: Yebo, ngicabanga ukuthi kunezinto eziningi kakhulu okufanele zikhishwe lapha. Ukubuyela kwabezindaba, kunomlando wokuthi i-US ayizamanga kanzima ngokwanele. Umphumela - ngakho-ke, lapho uBarack Obama engena esikhundleni ngo-2009, kunamasosha aseMelika angama-30,000 e-Afghanistan kanye nenani elilinganayo I-NATO amasosha nosonkontileka. Kungakapheli unyaka nohhafu, kunamabutho aseMelika ayi-100,000 40,000, angama-XNUMX I-NATO amasosha nosonkontileka abangaphezu kuka-100,000. Futhi ngakho-ke i-United States yayinempi yamadoda eyizigidi ezine kwikota e-Afghanistan. Futhi, ukuphikisana kukaJoe Biden nalokho kwakungukuthumela amasosha angaphansi kuka-10,000 240,000. Ngakho-ke, ukuphikiswa kukaJoe Biden bekuzobukeka njengamasosha nosonkontileka abayi-250,000 e-Afghanistan ngokungafani nama-XNUMX.
Izitatimende ngokungabi umzamo wokwakha isizwe - ngangiseqenjini elalibizwa ngethimba lokwakha kabusha isifundazwe. Ngisho, amanga okuthi - ukusho lokho ezigidini zamadoda nabesifazane abasebenza e-Afghanistan, abaya laphaya, babamba iqhaza kulo mzamo wokwakha isizwe - futhi babazi ukuthi babambe iqhaza emzameni wokwakha isizwe - bese umongameli wase-United States aqambe amanga kalula ngokuthi kwakungeyona eyokwakha isizwe, ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kungenye yezincazelo ezinhle kakhulu zale mpi, ngoba zonke lezi zimpi emhlabeni wamaSulumane, yilokhu, ukukhululeka nje ukuqamba amanga okwenzekayo.
Futhi i-United States - iphuzu lesithathu ngalokhu, i-United States yazama ukulwa nobuphekula. Isu lokulwa nobuphekula uJoe Biden akhuluma ngalo isu elasetshenziswa uGeneral Petraeus ngemuva kokuhamba kukaGeneral McChrystal nalapho i-United States ishiye ukulwa nobuphekula. Futhi lokho kwakusho ukuthini? Lokho kwakusho ukuqhuma amabhomu emadolobhaneni nokuhlasela ebusuku, ukuthumela ama-commandos izikhathi ezingama-20 ebusuku emadolobhaneni ase-Afghanistan ukukhahlela emnyango nokubulala abantu. Futhi uyibonile imiphumela yalokho. Imiphumela yalokho kwaba ukuthi, minyaka yonke, amaTaliban ayeqina. Njalo ngonyaka, amaTaliban athola ukwesekwa okwengeziwe.
Futhi lokhu kuza ebuwuleni bonke balokho okwenziwa yi-United States lapho. Emashumini amaningi eminyaka, i-United States yanikeza abantu base-Afghanistan izinqumo ezimbili: Ungasekela amaTaliban noma ungasekela lo hulumeni owakhiwe ngamabutho ezimpi namakhosi ezidakamizwa, okhohlakele, ongahambisani nentando yeningi - ngoba lonke ukhetho belungekho emthethweni ngokukhwabanisa - futhi esidla inyama. Futhi i-United States isebenzise isu lokuhlukanisa nokunqoba ukuzama ukufeza izinhloso zayo e-Afghanistan, njengoba yenzile e-Iraq ngokuqhatha amaShia namaSunni. Futhi-ke, onakho ubenakho - uyazi, onakho, futhi, lokhu kukhetha: khetha amaTaliban noma lo hulumeni. Futhi okwenzekile kulo nyaka odlule ukuthi abantu base-Afghanistan, kubandakanya nabangewona ama-Pashtuns - amaPastuns, okuyinqwaba yezwe lase-Afghanistan, yibo ngokuyinhloko abakha amaTaliban, abakha ubuholi bamaTaliban, njll. ngibe ngasohlangothini olungafanele lwecebo laseMelika lokwehlukanisa nokunqotshwa. Kepha hhayi amaTaliban kuphela asekelwayo - ngiyaxolisa, hhayi amaPastuns kuphela asekele amaTaliban, kepha ama-Afghan aqhamuka kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwe, zonke izinhlanga zisekele amaTaliban, ngoba yimbi leyo ndlela uhulumeni wase-Afghanistan abekade eyi-Afghan abantu kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule.
Ngakho-ke, esinye isici sokusakazwa kwabezindaba ukwehluleka noma ukungafuni kwabezindaba baseMelika ukukhuluma ngalokho uhulumeni wase-Afghanistan ayenjani ngempela. Sizwa okuningi ngamalungelo abesifazane njengamanje - futhi kufanele. Kubaluleke kakhulu. Kubaluleke ngendlela emangalisayo. Kepha bangaki abaseMelika abazi ukuthi, ngaphansi kukahulumeni wase-Afghanistan, abane kwabahlanu - abesifazane abane kwabayisihlanu base-Afghan babeshade ngenkani, iningi labo kungomakoti bezingane? Bangaki abantu baseMelika abaziyo ukuthi e-Afghanistan, ngaphansi komthetho wase-Afghan, kusemthethweni ukuthi indoda idlwengule unkosikazi wayo, noma ukuthi emajele kahulumeni wase-Afghanistan, iningi labesifazane abasemajele ase-Afghan abekho ngoba bebesekela amaTaliban, kodwa ngoba ngamacala okuziphatha? Ngakho-ke, yebo, mhlawumbe lo hulumeni wase-Afghanistan, lo hulumeni wezimpi, wayengekho emidlalweni yaseshashalazini ekuziphatheni kabi kwabo njengoTaliban, maqondana nokubulala nokukhanda ngamatshe abesifazane ezinkundleni zemidlalo. Futhi, yebo, kwabaningi - bekukhona abesifazane abahlomule eminyakeni engama-20 edlule. Kepha kwabesifazane abaningi e-Afghanistan, impilo ibingakaze ibe ngcono, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukukhathazeka kwabo okuyinhloko, sekungamashumi amabili eminyaka manje, bebulawa yibhomu lamaTaliban emgwaqeni noma ibhomu laseMelika lehle lisuka esibhakabhakeni. Futhi kufanele ngithi, hhayi bona, kepha umndeni wabo, izingane zabo, omakhelwane babo, njll.
AMY U-GOODMAN: UMatthew Hoh, ekhuluma ngalokho esingakwaziyo - futhi sinomzuzu nje - Central Intelligence Agency, the CIA amabutho e-Afghanistan. Yini okufanele siyiqonde? Futhi yini evezwe yi-Pegasus spyware?
UMATHEWU HOH: Yebo, kungukuqonda kwami lokho - nakubantu abangajwayelene ne-spyware kaPegasus, lena yi-spyware ekhiqizwe kwa-Israyeli egcina izingcingo, ukuxhumana. Uma ubheka okwenzeka eMexico, osopolitiki abaningi ababulawa eMexico ngonyaka odlule babe nale spyware kaPegasus ocingweni lwabo. Futhi ukuqonda kwami ukuthi kukhona okubhalwe phansi kwe-Pegasus spyware okukhombisa ukuhlangana kulo nyaka odlule phakathi kwe- CIA, phakathi kukahulumeni wase-Afghanistan naphakathi kwamaTaliban.
Bheka, okwenzekile e-Afghanistan akwenzekanga nje emasontweni ambalwa. Lokhu bekuyicala elihlelwe amaTaliban isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Futhi imiphumela yalokho iphumelele ngokumangazayo nakumaTaliban. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo udinga ukubuzwa, uthi: Kungani umphakathi waseMelika ungazi kangaka ukuthi kwenzakalani e-Afghanistan? Ukubuyisa iphuzu lakho ngabezindaba.
Futhi njengoba siqhubekela phambili, ngicabanga ukuthi into ebalulekile okufanele bayenze ukuthi abaseMelika bakhethe indlela yokweseka ama-Afghani ngokubasiza ukuthi bakhe kabusha futhi babuyisane. Ukwenza lokho, iNxusa laseMelika kumele lihlale livulekile. Uma abantu befuna ababaleki bahambe, iNxusa laseMelika kumele lihlale livulekile. Ukuxhaswa kufanele kuqhubeke, uma ufuna izinhlangano ezinjengeTOLOnews ukuthi zihlale emoyeni. I-TOLOnews ixhaswe ngabaseMelika. AbaseMelika bebelokhu beyixhasa ngemali amashumi eminyaka manje. Ukuze abezindaba bahlale bephila e-Afghanistan, uhulumeni wase-US kumele aqhubeke nokuweseka. Ngakho-ke, kuleli qophelo, uhulumeni waseMelika kumele aqhubeke nokuzibandakanya e-Afghanistan ngenxa yabantu base-Afghanistan. Futhi uma abantu -
AMY U-GOODMAN: UMatthew Hoh, sizoyishiya lapho, ngoba esigabeni sethu esilandelayo, sizokhuluma ngababaleki base-Afghanistan, umuntu othintekayo ekuhlalisweni kabusha kwababaleki base-Afghanistan e-United States. Kepha sizobuyela kuwe ezinsukwini ezizayo. Konke lokhu imininingwane ebucayi esingayitholi kwabezindaba zenkampani. UMatthew Hoh, umlingani omkhulu weCentre for International Policy, owake wasolwandle e- [Iraq] kanye nesikhulu soMnyango Wombuso e-Afghanistan, owashiya ngo-2009, isikhulu sokuqala sase-US ukusula esidlangalaleni ngokubhikisha ngempi yase-Afghanistan.
Siyeza, sikhuluma neqembu lamalungelo abafuduki baseTexas, I-RAICES, mayelana nokuvuselela ababaleki base-Afghanistan kanye nempendulo kuMbusi waseRepublican Texas uGreg Abbott ohlola ukuthi une-coronavirus njengoba ehlambalaza abafuduki ngokusabalalisa Covid-19. Hlala nathi.
