I-NYT kaDavid Sanger, Umfana Okhala "AmaNukes"!

Kusukela kuma-1990 okuqala e-US yezindaba uye wabonisa ngokuqhubekayo uhulumeni waseNorth Korea ngokuthi "umbuso onzima kakhulu ophethwe yi-dictator of paranoid manje esongela umhlaba ngokuhlasela kwezinto zenuzi," ngamazwi omlando waseMelika uBruce Cumings (I-North Korea: Elinye Izwe, 2003). Isongela. Umhlaba. I-US inabantu izikhathi ezingu-13 ubukhulu beNyakatho Korea; isabelomali esikhulu sokuzivikela se-156-ku-2016; amakhulu ezisekelo zezempi e-East Asia; izisekelo zempi eziphathekayo ezibizwa ngokuthi "izindiza zezindiza" (iNorth Korea inezansi); izimpi zenuzi eziyikhulu; amashumi ezinkulungwane zamabutho ase-US eNingizimu Korea naseJapane, kanye nemikhumbi engaphansi komhlaba enezikhali zemishini ye-thermonuclear ezingase zifihle ogwini lwasePeninsula yaseKorea. Kodwa izintatheli ezifana noDavid Sanger we "liberal" New York Times bayakwazi ukugqugquzela abantu baseMelika abafunde kahle, abaphakathi ukuthi izwe lisongela, esikhundleni senye indlela.

Lesi sigaba esinelungelo sithengile ekulandiseni ukuthi i-US inezindaba ezikhululekile-kuya-ezingakwesokunxele ezihlinzeka ngokulinganisa ngakwesokudla. Njengoba uMongameli uTumpump ukhuluma nge "izindaba ezikhohlisayo" futhi umemezela ngokumangalisayo ukuthi inkinga yaseNorth Korea ixazululwe ngoba wahlala phansi noKim Jong-un kanye, abakhululekile smugngiphetha ngokuthi imithombo yezindaba "enobuningi" ilungile nokuthi i-Trump yinkinga, kuyilapho eqinisweni, boba bobabili. Boba bobabili.

Eqinisweni, yonke into ejwayelekile abezindaba liye lahlangana kahle neTrump ukuze lisekele inkolelo yokubhujiswa okuseduze yiKorea yaseKorea eyingozi futhi ebulalayo elawulwa yinja ehlanya. Isibonelo esivelele samuva nje SangerIsihloko sakwa "ENyakatho Korea, Amasosha aseMissile Aphakamise Ukukhohlisa Okukhulu" (12 November 2018) New York Times. Uhlelo lwesiNgisi I-Hankyoreh, iphephandaba eliqhubekela phambili eSouth Korea, labhala udaba olwalugxeka isihloko sikaSanger esithi, “Umbiko we-NYT ngoN. 'Inkohliso Enkulu' yeN. Korea Egcwele Izimbobo Namaphutha,” kodwa uma kubhekwa ukuthi ushicilele kangaki imininingwane eyiphutha ngeNyakatho Korea, kusobala isikhathi sokubiza la “maphutha” ngokuthi “amanga aluhlaza cwe.” New York Timesabafundi kufanele baqaphele ukuthi bobabili uhulumeni waseNingizimu Korea neKorea uchwepheshe uTim Shorrock sebevele bakhombisile ukuthi azikho izambulo eziphawulekayo esihlokweni sikaSanger noma esifundweni sokuqala sokucatshangelwa esasigxilisa futhi sithuthukisa. (Bheka i-Shorrock ethi "Indlela I-New York Times Ekhohlisayo Ngomphakathi NgaseNyakatho Korea," The Nation, I-16 November 2018).

Sanger kuye kwaphutha eNyakatho Korea ngokuphindaphindiwe iminyaka engu-25. Le ntatheli ye-Pulitzer-prize winner, ogama lakhe lesidlaliso elithi "Scoop" ngokusobala alihlangene neNyakatho Korea, liye laba yisibonelo esilandelayo se-propaganda eWashington ephikisana neNyakatho. Ngesinye isikhathi, emva kokuthi "amaphutha" amaningi kangaka aholela ekuchazeni okufanayo kwamanga, ngezindlela eziningi ezilula zokuthungatha nokunyakaza, futhi okungekho emzamweni omkhulu wokulungisa ukuchazwa komuntu, umuntu kufanele aphethe ngokuthi lo muntu uqamba amanga. Njengoba kunikezwe ubuhlanga obukhulu base-Orientalist kanye nokwesaba okujulile kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezenhlalo zenhlalakahle e-US, izintatheli ezifana noSanger owehla eNyakatho Korea futhi ngokusekela ukusekela ubudlova kubantu baseNyakatho Korea noma nini lapho kuvela ithuba lokuvuna imivuzo ecebile. Ukuqoqa ngokucacile kuchaza ukuhlukumeza nokwesaba okunjalo e-US:

"Emkhunjini we-Cold War ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kulungile, izisusa zethu zihlanzekile, senza okuhle futhi singalimazi, ziyisixuku esizondayo, sinobugebengu uma singekho nje amaKhomanisi, angabonakali (noma ngisho nabafokazi kanye namaMartians kumafilimu e-1950s), amahloni, amahloni , okwazi lutho. Singabantu futhi sihloniphekile futhi sivulekile; bangabantu abangaqondakali, abangaqondakaliyo, abafihliweyo Abanye abanamalungelo afanele ukuhlonishwa. Sasizobuyela ekhaya ngenjabulo uma isitha singenza okulungile futhi siphume, sinyamalale, siphume. Kodwa isitha sinzima, siphikelele, sisekhona esikhathini esibuhlungu (ehlobo lwe-2009, usuku nosuku, i-CNN ithulise izindaba ngeNyakatho ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi 'North Korea Inhlekelele'). Ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa yokulwa, izithombe ezivelele zaseMelika zaseNyakatho Korea zisezinhlanhla zokuhlukunyezwa kwama-Orientalist "(Impi yaseKorea: Umlando, 2011).

Ngenjabulo ukwamukela lokhu kuhlaziywa kwama-1990 okuqala, uSanger uhole ekuboniseni uhulumeni waseNyakatho Korea njengengakwazi ukulawula futhi iNhloko yaseKorea yaseNorth Korea, uKong Jong-il (1941-2011) njengenhlanhla futhi ehola uhulumeni eseceleni "Ukuphuma ngaphandle." Wabhala, "Njengoba uhulumeni waseStalinist kaKim Il Sung eqhutshwa ekhoneni, umnotho wayo uyancipha futhi abantu bawo badla ukudla okuncane," kusho ukuthi "ngabe izwe lizoshintsha ngokuthula noma liphume njengalokhu akwenze ngaphambili "(I-North Korea: Elinye Izwe). Akukho simo esivela eqinisweni. Futhi njengoba evame ukwenza kanjalo, wacaphuna i-militarist ukuveza imibono yakhe-iqhinga elimvumela ukuba ahlukane nomthwalo wemfanelo. Amazwi a New York Timesintatheli yesimo sakhe sakha izenzo okuthinta izwe langempela.

"Lash out"? Uhulumeni wokuqala wobuKhomanisi waseNorth Korea ngaphansi Kim Il Sung akazange "aphume" lapho ehlasela uhulumeni wesibambisene esisekela e-US uSyman Rhee. I-North Korea, ekunqumeni amagama, "isimo se-antiticolonial and anti-imperial esivela embusweni wamaJapane wekhulu lama-50 nesigameko sokuqhuma okuqhubekayo ne-United States eyi-hegemonic kanye neNingizimu Korea enamandla kakhulu" (I-North Korea: Elinye Izwe). Ngesikhathi sika RheeUkuphakama kukahulumeni waseNorth Korea kwakunezimpi ezazingenakho ukukhumbula okwamanje i-guerrilla ukulwa nombuso ononya waseJapane. USyman Rhee yayinamandla kakhulu okulwa noKhomanisi. Futhi abanikazi bamandla ebusweni bakhe obusha-uhulumeni obhekwa kabanzi njengomuntu ongekho emthethweni kanye ne-pawn yase-US-bebaningi ababengabambisene boMbuso waseJapane manje ababesebenzisana namanye amaqoqo angaphandle. Impi yombango yaqhutshwa kahle yi-1949 ne-Cumings yenza ingxabano ekhohlisayo yokuthi iqalile ku-1932. Wabheka emuva emazwini kaNgqongqoshe weBritish of Works uRichard Stokes owaqaphela ukuthi impi yaseKorea yayinezinto ezifanayo ne-American Civil War:

"I-Stokes yenzekile ukuthi iqinisile: isikhathi eside salo mbango sithola isizathu salo esimweni esibalulekile sempi, into esiyidingayo ukuze siyazi kuqala: kwakuyimpi yombango, impi eyalwa ngokuyinhloko ngamaKorea avela ku-system of social conflicts, yaseKorea imigomo. Akuzange ihlale iminyaka emithathu, kodwa inesiqalo ku-1932, futhi ayizange iphele. "(Impi yaseKorea: Umlando).

Kwakuyimpi "emkhatsini wezinhlelo ezimbili eziphikisanayo zomphakathi nezomnotho" -ukuhlaziywa okusekelwe eqinisweni abezindaba abazange bazinakekele. Cabanga ngokufanana okucacile phakathi kweMpi yaseKorea neMpi Yombango YaseMelika, bese ucabanga ngalokho okungeke kwenzeke uma ngabe iBritish yayifinyelele ekuqotheni.

Ketha uqhubeke nemicabango yakhe enenzuzo nge-athikili ka-1994 lapho abhala khona ukuthi izwe "laziwa njenge-maddog." (Qaphela ukuthi iSanger ihlangana kahle kanjani noKim Jung-il nezwe uqobo lwalo lube yi-monolith eyodwa, enobunye). Kodwa-ke, ngo-2001 lapho uNobhala Wezwe uMadeleine Albright ehlangana noKim Jong-il mathupha, lo Washington Postwagxila isihloko esithi "I-North Korea sikaKim Sheds Image ye-'Madman '." UmMelika ohlangabezane naye wathi, "Uyasebenza, ucabange, walalela kanzima. Wayebhala amanothi. Unomqondo wokuhlekisa. Akayena oshaya abantu abaningi abamtshengisa ngokuthi "." (I-North Korea: Elinye Izwe). Ungase ungafuni ukuhlala ezweni elilawulayo, kodwa lokhu kwakungesiwo umfanekiso wesilisa onesiboshwa noma ozibulala esasidliwe.

Umlando uqhubeke kuze kube yilolu suku, njengoba nje uKim Jong-un, indodana yakhe, ehlanganisa ukuhlangana noMbuso Jae-in. Kokubili ukuphawula kuKim Jong-unUkungazi kahle kwengqondo nokuhlekwa yindlela yakhe yokuphila kubhekwa njengento evamile yabezindaba, okungafani ngandlela-thile ehluleka ukuphawula ukuthi umengameli wamanje wase-US ukhululekile kakhulu futhi uyabonakala. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ukukhomba ukuthi "i-madman" empeleni inomunwe ku-inkinobho imane nje iyethusa?

In Agasti 1998 Ketha kwakungalungile lapho ebhala ukuthi iNorth Korea yayizikhiphe izikhali zenuzi ngasese endaweni yangaphansi komhlaba. Lesi simemezelo sanyatheliswa ekhasini lokuqala la New York Times. Lapho iNorth Korea ikhiphe isosha lase-US ukuthi lihlole isayithi, lithole into engenalutho neyomsakazo, indaba yeqiniso engayifanga ekhasini eliphambili.

NgoJulayi i-2003 Scoop yayingalungile lapho ethi i-US intelligence ithole "isitshalo sesibili, eyimfihlo yokukhiqiza izikhali-grade plutonium" (Ukubamba, "Ukungahambi kahle," Ukubukezwa Kwezincwadi zaseLondon). Futhi ngo-27 April 2017, Ketha kwakungalungile lapho ebeka izizathu zokuphatha i-Trump ngokuphatha amanga ukuthi iNyakatho Korea "yayikwazi ukukhiqiza ibhomu lenyukliya njalo ngemva kwamasonto ayisithupha noma ayisikhombisa" (NY Times).

Sanger uthi amanga athi "kusukela umhlangano wokuqala phakathi kukaMnu. Trump noMnu Kim, ngoJuni 12 eSingapore, iNyakatho ayisazoqala ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuqala ekuqondiseni i-denuclearization." Ngokuphambene nalokho, iNorth Korea ikhiphe izivivinyo ezintsha zenyukliya cishe cishe ngonyaka; wabhubhisa indawo yokuhlolwa yesikhungo se-Punggye-ri futhi wamema abahloli abangaphandle ukuba baqinisekise ukuthi libhujisiwe; ukudilizwa, noma okungenani uqale ukudiliza iSiteshi sokuSula iSatellite; bavuma ukudiliza ngokuphelele i-Dongchang-ri missile injection site kanye nokwakheka kwesikhulumi ngaphansi kokubonwa kochwepheshe, kanye nokuqothula izikhungo zenu zenyakatho eYongbyon uma "iUnited States ithatha izinyathelo ezihambisanayo." Lokho kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile ekubhekiseni okuthiwa " denucléarization. "Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonisa ukungathí sina kwabo, iNorth Korea ibuyisele izinsalela zamaservicemen angamashumi amahlanu nanhlanu ase-US afela khona phakathi neMpi yaseKorea.

Lezi yizinkukhu ezinkulu eNyakatho Korea, izwe elinemigodi encane ye-GDP ehlobene ne-US, lapho ukuvuselela kunzima kakhulu. Ubuzenzisi obuzungeze indlovukazi yenuzi enkulu ekamelweni liyihlazo-iqiniso lokuthi yonke ingcindezi isenyakatho yeNorth Korea yokuzilimaza, kuyilapho i-US ingakwazi ukuhlala buthule ngezikhwebu zayo ezinkulu (ezungeze i-6,800 nukes) ezisongela eNyakatho Korea naseziningi amanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele.

Isiphetho

Ngabe nje kwenzeka ngokungahambi kahle ukuthi uSanger wabhala le ngxenye ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthi amaDemocrats anqobe izindlu zeNdlu yabamele-i-Democrats efanayo eyavimbela iTump ukuba inganciphisi amazinga eqembu ngaphansi kwe-28,000 eNingizimu Korea?

Siyazi ukuthi inzuzo yabontonkontileka bezokuvikela izokwehla kakhulu uma ukuthula kuphuma ePeninsula yaseKorea. Ucwaningo olwenziwe yiSikhungo Sokuqapha kanye Namazwe Ezehlukene (CSIS) lapho iSoop eqoqa khona amazwi akhe amancane angathembeki njengoba anesibindi esicacile. (The NY Times ngokwayo isitshele ukuthi i-CSIS isebenza embonini yezingalo "Kanjani Izinkomba Zokucabanga Zenza I-American America"s Ithonyae, "7 August 2016). Lezi yizinkampani nabantu abahlala "esongweni laseNyakatho yaseKorea."

Nasi uhlu oluphuthumayo lwezinye izingozi zokuthula kubontonkontileka bezokuvikela kanye nokusekwa kwezempi zase-US: I-THAAD ebiza kakhulu eNingizimu Korea kanye ne-Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System ingafakwa engozini. Amagoli angasuswa eKorea. Izisekelo ezimbili ezintsha ezakhiwa eHenoko naseTakae, Okinawa zingasongelwa. (Kukhona ukuphikiswa okunamandla okukhulu, okwakungenakuphikelela e-Okinawa kulezi zisekelo eziyisisekelo). Ungqongqoshe I-Shinzo Abe kanye nama-ultranationalist we-ilk yakhe angawa emandleni eJapane. Futhi izinhlelo zakhe zokususa i-Article 9 (evimbela iJapane ekuhlaseleni amanye amazwe) futhi iqede umthethosisekelo wokuthula waseJapane ungadambiswa, ngaleyo ndlela uvimbele "amaFomu Wokuzivikela" eJapane ngokugcwele i-integrating neyinkimbinkimbi yezempi yase-US.

Emithonjeni enkulu e-US namuhla, sinikezwa ngokuzikhethela phakathi kwezindaba ezikhohlisayo zeTrump nokukhohliswa kwezintatheli zezinkolelo ezivulekile / eziqhubekayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziphendukela ezindabeni ezikhohlisayo ngokwazo. Inani elikhulu lemali namandla lisengozini eKorea. Ukuthula eKorea kusongela impilo, amasheya, izimboni zempi, udumo lwabantu abaningi. Lezi zingozi zokuthula, kodwa ukuthula kufanele kufike, futhi kuzokuza, ikakhulukazi ngentando enamandla yokuthula kanye nentando yeningi-abantu abathandekayo baseNingizimu Korea.

Ukuhleleka kwezemvelo e-Northeast Asia kungashintshwa unomphela, futhi yini eyesabekayo kwabaningi abamazwe aseMelika ukuthi i-US ingahle ilahlekelwe isikhundla sayo se-hegemonic, ikhono layo lokulawula izimakethe lapho, kanye nokukwazi ukuqonda iphutha elibonakalayo " Vula i-Door "-yinto emnandi ukuthi iningi labantu baseMelika abanobugovu bebelithande kakhulu iminyaka yokugcina ye-120.

Sibonga kakhulu uStephen Brivati ​​ngokuphawula, ukusikisela nokuhlela.