NguKrishen Mehta, Ikomidi laseMelika lesivumelwano sase-US-Russia, May 4, 2021
Ngiqhamuka ezweni elisathuthuka, nginombono ohluke ngandlela thize ngezijeziso ngoba kungenze ngabona okwenziwa yi-US ngombono omuhle futhi ongaqondile kangako.
Okokuqala okuhle: Ngemuva kokuzimela kwe-India ngo-1947, izikhungo zayo eziningi (kubandakanya Amanyuvesi obunjiniyela, Izikole zemithi, njalonjalo) zathola ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezimali okuvela e-United States. Lokhu kweza ngohlobo losizo oluqondile, ukusebenzisana ngokubambisana nezikhungo zase-US, izazi ezivakashelayo, nokunye ukushintshisana. Ukukhula kwethu eNdiya sikubone lokhu njengesibonakaliso esihle kakhulu seMelika. I-Institutes of Technology, lapho ngathola khona ilungelo lokuthola iziqu zami zobunjiniyela nazo zaphothula iziqu ezinjengoSundar Photosi, isikhulu samanje seMicrosoft, noSatya Nadella, oyi-CEO yamanje yeMicrosoft. Ukukhula kweSilicon Valley bekuyingxenye ethile ngenxa yalezi zenzo zokupha nokuthakazelela okufundiswe izifundiswa kwamanye amazwe. Lezi zifundiswa azigcinanga ngokusebenzela amazwe abo kuphela kodwa futhi zaqhubeka nokwabelana ngethalente labo kanye namabhizinisi abo lapha e-United States. Kwakuwine ukunqoba kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, futhi kwakumele abahamba phambili baseMelika.
Manje kwabangahle kangako: Ngenkathi abanye babafundi bethu befika bezosebenza e-US, abanye baya kosebenza emnothweni osafufusa onjenge-Iraq, Iran, Syria, Indonesia nakwamanye amazwe. Engangifunda nabo ababeya kulawo mazwe, futhi engangihlala ngithintana nabo, babona uhlangothi oluhlukile kunqubomgomo yaseMelika. Labo ababesize ekwakheni ingqalasizinda e-Iraq naseSyria, ngokwesibonelo, bayibona icekelwa phansi kakhulu yizenzo zase-US. Izitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi, izitshalo zokukhucululwa kwendle, imisele yokunisela, imigwaqo emikhulu, izibhedlela, izikole kanye namakolishi, iningi lontanga yami ebelisize ekwakheni (ukusebenza eduze nonjiniyela base-Iraq) zaphenduka inxiwa. Ozakwethu abambalwa emsebenzini wezokwelapha babona inhlekelele yokusabalala kwabantu ngenxa yezijeziso ezazidale ukusweleka kwamanzi ahlanzekile, ugesi, ama-antibiotic, i-insulin, izinzwa zamazinyo, nezinye izindlela zokuphila. Banesipiliyoni sokubona izingane zifa ezandleni zabo ngenxa yokushoda kwemithi yokulwisana nekholera, isifo sohudo, isimungumungwane nezinye izifo. Laba bantu abafunda nabo babe ngufakazi ezigidini zabantu abahlupheka ngokungadingekile ngenxa yokujeziswa kwethu. Kwakungekhona ukuwina-win kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi, futhi bekungamele abaphambili baseMelika.
Yini esiyibonayo esizungezile namuhla? I-US ine unswinyo olubhekiswe emazweni angaphezu kwama-30, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu emhlabeni. Ngenkathi ubhadane luqala ekuqaleni kuka-2020, uHulumeni wethu wazama ukuvimbela i-Iran ukuthi ithenge imaski yokuphefumula evela phesheya kwezilwandle, kanye nemishini yokufaka isithombe esishisayo engathola igciwane emaphashini. Sivotele imalimboleko ephuthumayo engama- $ 5 Billion i-Iran ebiyicelile kwi-IMF ukuthi ithenge imishini nemithi yokugoma emakethe yangaphandle. IVenezuela inohlelo olubizwa nge-CLAP, okuwuhlelo lwendawo lokwabiwa kokudla emindenini eyizigidi eziyisithupha njalo emavikini amabili noma ngaphezulu, enikezela ngezinto ezibalulekile njengokudla, umuthi, ukolweni, ilayisi nokunye okuyisisekelo. Izwe laseMelika belilokhu lizama kaningi ukuphazamisa lolu hlelo olubalulekile njengendlela yokulimaza uhulumeni kaNicolas Maduro. Njengoba umndeni ngamunye uthola lawa maphakethe ngaphansi kwe-CLAP unamalungu amane, lolu hlelo lusekela imindeni ebalelwa ezigidini ezingama-24, kubantu abayizigidi ezingama-28 eVenezuela. Kepha unswinyo lwethu lungenza lolu hlelo lungakwazi ukuqhubeka. Ingabe lena yi-US engcono kakhulu? Izijeziso zikaKhesari ezibhekiswe eSyria zidala inhlekelele enkulu yabantu kuleliya lizwe. Ama-80% wabantu manje asewele ngaphansi kobubha ngenxa yeSanctions. Ngokombono wenqubomgomo yezangaphandle unswinyo lubonakala luyingxenye ebalulekile yethuluzi lethu lamathuluzi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi lubangelwa yinhlekelele yobuntu. UJames Jeffreys, ongusomaqhinga wethu omkhulu lapho iminyaka eminingi, uthe inhloso yalezi unswinyo ukuguqula iSyria ibe yisigubhu seRussia ne-Iran. Kepha akukho ukuqashelwa kwenkinga yobuntu eye yabangelwa abantu abajwayelekile baseSyria. Sihlala emasimini kawoyela aseSyria ukuvimbela izwe ekubeni nezinsizakusebenza zezezimali ukuze litholakale, futhi sithatha umhlaba walo wezolimo ovundile ukuwavimbela ekutholeni ukudla. Ingabe le Melika ingcono kakhulu?
Ake sibuyele eRussia. Ngo-Ephreli 15 i-US yamemezela unswinyo olubhekiswe ezikweletini zikaHulumeni waseRussia ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukungenelela okhethweni lwango-2020 kanye nokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber. Ngokwengxenye ngenxa yalezi unswinyo, ngo-Ephreli 27, iRussia Central Bank yamemezela ukuthi inzalo izokwenyuka isuka ku-4.5% iye ku-5%. Lokhu kudlala ngomlilo. Ngenkathi isikweletu sikaMbusi waseRussia silinganiselwa ku- $ 260 Billion kuphela, cabanga ukuthi ngabe isimo sibuyele emuva yini. I-US inesikweletu sayo sikazwelonke esiseduze ne- $ 26 Trillion, okungaphezulu kwama-30% aphethwe amazwe angaphandle. Kuthiwani uma iChina, iJapan, iNdiya, iBrazil, iRussia kanye namanye amazwe benqaba ukuvuselela isikweletu sabo noma banquma ukuthengisa? Kungaba nokukhuphuka okukhulu kwamanani wenzalo, ukuqothuka, ukungasebenzi, kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwedola laseMelika. Umnotho wase-US ungakhombisa umnotho wezinga lokucindezeleka uma wonke amazwe ephuma. Uma singakufuni lokhu ngokwethu, kungani sikufunela amanye amazwe? Izwe laseMelika libe nezijeziso ezibhekiswe eRussia ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, futhi eziningi zazo zisuka engxabanweni yase-Ukraine ngonyaka wezi-2014. Umnotho waseRussia ulinganiselwa ku-8% kuphela womnotho wase-US, ngo- $ 1.7 Trillion uma kuqhathaniswa nomnotho wethu oyi- $ 21 Trillion, futhi nokho sifuna ukubalimaza ngokuqhubekayo. I-Russia inemithombo emithathu eyinhloko yemali engenayo, futhi sinezijeziso kuyo yonke: umkhakha wabo kawoyela negesi, imboni yabo yokuthekelisa izingalo, kanye nomkhakha wezezimali ogcina umnotho uqhubeka. Ithuba abantu abasha abanalo lokuvula amabhizinisi, lokuboleka imali, lokuzibeka engcupheni, lixhumene ngokwengxenye nomkhakha wabo wezezimali futhi manje lokho sekungaphansi kobunzima obukhulu ngenxa yokujeziswa. Ngabe yilokhu ngempela okufunwa ngabantu baseMelika?
Kunezizathu ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo zokuthi kungani yonke inqubomgomo yethu yokujeziswa idinga ukucutshungulwa. Lezi yilezi: 1) Izijeziso seziyindlela yokuba 'nenqubomgomo yezangaphandle eshibhile' ngaphandle kwemiphumela yasekhaya, futhi zavumela lesi 'senzo sempi' ukuthi sithathe isikhundla sezombusazwe, 2) Izijeziso kungathiwa zimbi kakhulu kunempi, ngoba okungenani empini kunezivumelwano ezithile noma izingqungquthela zokulimaza abantu abangekho emphakathini. Ngaphansi kombuso weSanctions, abantu basemphakathini balinyazwa njalo, futhi izindlela eziningi empeleni zibhekiswe ngqo kubantu, unswinyo alunawo umugqa wesikhathi, lezi 'zenzo zempi' zingaqhubeka isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwenselelo ku-Administration noma kuCongress. Ziba yingxenye yeZimpi Zethu Ezingunaphakade. 3) Umphakathi waseMelika uwela iSanctions njalo, ngoba ahlanganiswe ngaphansi kwesithunzi samalungelo abantu, amele ukuphakama kokuziphatha kwethu kunabanye. Umphakathi awuqondi kahle umonakalo omkhulu owenziwa yiSanctions zethu, futhi izingxoxo ezinjalo zivame ukuphuma emithonjeni yethu yezindaba ejwayelekile. 4) Ngenxa yokujeziswa, sibeka engcupheni yokuhlukanisa abantu abasha emazweni athintekayo, ngoba impilo yabo nekusasa labo kubekeke engcupheni ngenxa yokujeziswa. Laba bantu bangaba ngabalingani nathi ngekusasa elinokuthula futhi elinokuthula, futhi asinakukwazi ukulahlekelwa ubungane babo, ukwesekwa kwabo nenhlonipho yabo.
Ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuthi inqubomgomo yethu yokujeziswa ihlolwe yiCongress kanye ne-Administration, ukuze kube nezingxoxo zomphakathi eziningi ngabo, nokuthi sibuyele ezingxoxweni kunokuba siqhubeke nalezi 'Zimpi Zaphakade' ngokusebenzisa unswinyo okuyizindlela nje zempi yezomnotho. Ngibuye ngicabange ukuthi sesihambe ibanga elingakanani ekwakheni izikole namanyuvesi phesheya, sithumela izinsizwa nezintombi zethu njengamalungu eqembu lokuthula, esimweni samanje sezikhungo zamasosha ezingama-800 emazweni angama-70 kanye nokujeziswa cishe kwengxenye yesithathu yabantu emhlabeni . Izijeziso azimeleli okungcono kakhulu abantu baseMelika okufanele bakunikeze, futhi azimeleli ukuphana nokuzwela kwabantu baseMelika. Ngalezi zizathu, umbuso wesigwebo kumele uphele futhi isikhathi saso manje.
UKrishen Mehta uyilungu leBhodi ye-ACURA (Ikomidi laseMelika le-US Russia Accord). Ungumlingani wangaphambili ePwC futhi njengamanje uyiSenior Global Justice Fellow eYale University.
