nguVijay Prashad, Ukuthunyelwa Kwabantu, Ngo-September 17, i-2021
NgoJulayi nango-Agasti amasosha aseRwanda atshalwa eMozambique, okuthiwa ayolwa namaphekula e-ISIS. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwalo mkhankaso ukuqhutshwa kweFrance okusiza i-energy giant elangazelela ukusebenzisa izinsiza zegesi yemvelo, futhi mhlawumbe, ezinye izivumelwano zasemuva emlandweni.
NgoJulayi 9, uhulumeni waseRwanda wathi ukuthi ithumele amasosha ayinkulungwane eMozambique ukuyolwa nabalwi be-al-Shabaab, ababethathe isifundazwe esisenyakatho saseCabo Delgado. Ngemuva kwenyanga, ngo-Agasti 1,000, amasosha aseRwanda ithunyelwe idolobha eliyitheku iMocímboa da Praia, lapho nje ngasogwini kuhlala khona imvume enkulu yegesi yemvelo ephethwe yinkampani yezamandla yaseFrance iTotalEnergies SE kanye nenkampani yezamandla yase-US i-ExxonMobil. Le ntuthuko entsha esifundeni iholele kuMongameli we-African Development Bank uM. Akinwumi Adesina ukumemezela ngo-Agasti 27 ukuthi iTotalEnergies SE izoqala kabusha iphrojekthi yegesi yemvelo iCabo Delgado ekupheleni kuka-2022.
Amasosha aqhamuka e-al-Shabaab (noma i-ISIS-Mozambique, njengoMnyango Wezwe wase-US ukukhetha ukuyibiza) ayizange ilwe nomuntu wokugcina; banyamalala bawela umngcele bangena eTanzania noma ezigodini zabo ezisenkabeni yezwe. Izinkampani zamandla, okwamanje, zizoqala ukubuyisa izimali zazo futhi zizuze kahle, ngenxa enkulu yokungenelela kwamasosha aseRwanda.
Kungani iRwanda ingenele eMozambique ngoJulayi 2021 ukuvikela, izinkampani ezimbili ezinkulu zamandla? Impendulo ilele esenzakalweni esikhethekile esenzeka ezinyangeni ezingaphambi kokuba amasosha ashiye iKigali, inhloko-dolobha yaseRwanda.
Izinkulungwane zezigidi zinamathele ngaphansi kwamanzi
Abalwi be-Al-Shabaab baqale benza eyabo Ukubukeka eCabo Delgado ngo-Okthoba 2017. Kwaphela iminyaka emithathu, leli qembu lidlala umdlalo wekati negundane nebutho laseMozambique ngaphambi Ukuthatha Ukuphathwa kweMocímboa da Praia ngo-Agasti 2020. Akukaze kubonakale kungenzeka ukuthi ibutho laseMozambique livimbe i-al-Shabaab futhi livumele i-TotalEnergies SE ne-ExxonMobil ukuqala kabusha ukusebenza eRovuma Basin, ngasogwini olusenyakatho neMozambique, lapho kunegesi enkulu yemvelo khona. inkambu yayikhona Wathola ngoFebhuwari 2010.
UMnyango Wezangaphakathi waseMozambique wawunakho kuqashiwe uhla lwama-mercenaries afana ne IDyck Advisory Group (Iningizimu Afrika), Iqembu le-Frontier Services (Hong Kong), kanye ne- I-Wagner Group (ERussia). Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 2020, iTotalEnergies SE kanye nohulumeni waseMozambique basayine i Isivumelwano ukwakha umbutho wezokuvikela ohlanganyelwe ukuvikela utshalomali lwenkampani kwi-al-Shabaab. Akukho nelilodwa kulawa maqembu ahlomile elaphumelela. Ukutshalwa kwemali kubhajwe ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ngalesi sikhathi, uMongameli waseMozambique uFilipe Nyusi ukhombisile, njengoba ngitshelwe ngumthombo eMaputo, ukuthi iTotalEnergies SE ingacela uhulumeni waseFrance ukuthi athumele iqembu elizosiza ekuvikeleni le ndawo. Le ngxoxo yaqhubeka yaze yafika ngonyaka ka-2021. NgoJanuwari 18, 2021, uNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela waseFrance uFlorence Parly nozakwabo ePortugal, uJoão Gomes Cravinho, bakhuluma ngocingo, lapho — ukuphakanyiswa eMaputo — baxoxa ngamathuba okungenelela kweNtshonalanga eCabo Delgado. Ngalolo suku, isikhulu seTotalEnergies SE uPatrick Pouyanné wahlangana noMongameli Nyusi kanye nongqongqoshe bakhe bezokuvikela (Jaime Bessa Neto) nezangaphakathi (Amade Miquidade) ukuxoxa “uhlelo lokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela lokuqinisa ukuphepha kwendawo.” Akukho okwavela ngakho. Uhulumeni waseFrance wayengenandaba nokungenelela okuqondile.
Isikhulu esiphezulu eMaputo singitshele ukuthi kuyakholelwa kakhulu eMozambique ukuthi uMengameli waseFrance u-Emmanuel Macron uphakamise ukuthi kuthunyelwe umbutho waseRwanda, hhayi owaseFrance, ukuvikela uCabo Delgado. Ngempela, amabutho aseRwanda — aqeqeshwe kakhulu, ahlome kahle emazweni aseNtshonalanga, futhi anikezwa ithuba lokuthatha isinyathelo ngaphandle kwemingcele yomthetho wamazwe omhlaba — akhombisile amandla awo ekungeneleleni okwenziwe eSouth Sudan naseCentral African Republic.
Okutholwe uKagame ngokungenelela
UPaul Kagame ubuse iRwanda kusukela ngo-1994, okokuqala njengephini likamongameli nongqongqoshe wezokuvikela futhi kusukela ngo-2000 waba ngumengameli. Ngaphansi kukaKagame, izinkambiso zentando yeningi ziye zadelelwa ezweni, kuyilapho amasosha aseRwanda esebenze ngesihluku eDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Umbiko we-UN Mapping Project wango-2010 mayelana nokwephulwa okukhulu kwamalungelo abantu eDemocratic Republic of the Congo wabonisa ukuthi amasosha aseRwanda abulala “amakhulu ezinkulungwane uma kungenjalo izigidi” zabantu baseCongo kanye nababaleki baseRwanda phakathi kuka-1993 no-2003. UKagame wawunqaba umbiko we-UN, ukuphakamisa ukuthi le mbono “yokuqothulwa kohlanga kabili” yakuphika ukuqothulwa kohlanga kwaseRwanda ngo-1994. Wayefuna ukuthi abaseFrance bamukele icala lokuqothulwa kohlanga ngo-1994 futhi wayenethemba lokuthi umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba uzokushaya indiva ukubulawa kwabantu empumalanga yeCongo.
NgoMashi 26, 2021, isazi-mlando uVincent Duclert wahambisa ikhasi elinamakhasi angama-992 umbiko ngendima yeFrance ekuqothulweni kohlanga eRwanda. Lo mbiko ukubeka kucace ukuthi iFrance kufanele yamukele - “njengokuzibophezela okukhulu” ekuqothulweni kohlanga — njengoba iMédecins Sans Frontières ikubeka. Kodwa lo mbiko awusho ukuthi umbuso waseFrance wawuyingxenye yalolu dlame. UDuclert waya eKigali ngo-Ephreli 9 kuya Khulula umbiko uqobo kuKagame, ngubani wathi ukuthi ukushicilelwa kwalo mbiko “kubonisa isinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqonda okuvamile ngokwenzeka.”
Ngo-Ephreli 19, uhulumeni waseRwanda wakhipha a umbiko ukuthi yayithunyelwe yinkampani yabameli baseMelika iLevy Firestone Muse. Isihloko salo mbiko sikusho konke: “Ukuqothulwa Kwesizwe Okungaqondakali: Indima KaHulumeni WaseFrance Ngokuxhuma Nokubulawa KwamaTutsi eRwanda.” AmaFulentshi awawaphikanga amagama aqinile akule dokhumenti, athi iFrance ihlomile gnocidaires abese ephuthuma ukuwavikela ekuhlolweni komhlaba wonke. Macron, obezenyanya yamukela Isihluku saseFrance empini yenkululeko yase-Algeria, asiphikisanga umlando kaKagame. Lokhu kwakuyinani ayezimisele ukulikhokha.
Okufunwa iFrance
Ngo-Ephreli 28, 2021, uMongameli waseMozambique uNyusi wavakashela UKagame eRwanda. Nyusi utshele Abasakazi bezindaba baseMozambique ukuthi wayezofunda ngokungenelela kweRwanda eCentral African Republic kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuzimisela kweRwanda ukusiza iMozambique eCabo Delgado.
NgoMeyi 18, eMacron phethwe ingqungquthela eyayiseParis, "efuna ukukhulisa ezezimali e-Afrika phakathi kwesifo se-COVID-19," esasihanjelwe yizinhloko eziningana zikahulumeni, kubandakanya uKagame noNyusi, umongameli we-African Union (uMoussa Faki Mahamat), umongameli we I-African Development Bank (u-Akinwumi Adesina), umongameli we-West African Development Bank (Serge Ekué), kanye nomqondisi ophethe we-International Monetary Fund (Kristalina Georgieva). Ukuphuma ku- "asphyxiation yezimali" kwakuphezulu kwe- ajenda, yize emihlanganweni yangasese kwakukhona izingxoxo ngokungenelela kweRwanda eMozambique.
Ngemuva kwesonto, uMacron washiya i- Ukuvakashela siye eRwanda naseNingizimu Afrika, sichitha izinsuku ezimbili (Meyi 26 no-27) eKigali. Ukuphindile okutholakele okubanzi kombiko weDuclert, alethwe kanye ne-100,000 COVID-19 imijovo yokugoma waya eRwanda (lapho cishe amaphesenti amane kuphela wabantu ayethole umthamo wokuqala ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakhe), futhi achitha isikhathi ekhuluma ngasese noKagame. NgoMeyi 4, kanye noMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika uCyril Ramaphosa, uMacron wakhuluma Mayelana neMozambique, ithi iFrance yayikulungele “ukubamba iqhaza emikhakheni yezasolwandle,” kepha yayiyohlehlisa iSouthern African Development Community (SADC) kanye neminye imibuso yesifunda. Akazange akhulume ngeRwanda ngqo.
IRwanda ingene eMozambique ngoJulayi, kulandelwe ngamabutho e-SADC, afaka amabutho aseNingizimu Afrika. IFrance ikutholile ebikufuna: Isikhondlakhondla sayo samandla manje sesingabuyisa imali esiyitshalile.
Lesi sihloko sakhiwe ngu I-Globetrotter.
UVijay Prashad yisazi-mlando saseNdiya, umhleli nentatheli. Ungumlobeli osebenzisana naye futhi obhalayo eGlobetrotter. Ungumqondisi we I-Tricontinental: Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Komphakathi. Ungumuntu ophakeme ongahlali lapho Isikhungo seChongyang sezifundo zezezimali, I-Renmin University yaseChina. Ubhale izincwadi ezingaphezu kuka-20, kufaka phakathi Izizwe Ezimnyama futhi Izizwe Ezimpofu. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi Izinhlamvu zaseWashington, ngesingeniso sika-Evo Morales Ayma.
