NguDavid Swanson
Impi ye-NATO eholwa yi-US e-Afghanistan ihlale isikhathi eside bathathe isinqumo sokuyiqamba kabusha, bamemezele impi yakudala, futhi bamemezele impi entsha sha abaqinisekile ukuthi uzoyithanda.
Impi kuze kube manje iye yaqhubeka isikhathi eside njengengxenye yokubamba iqhaza kwe-US eMpini Yezwe II kanye nokubandakanya kwe-US eMpini Yezwe I, kanye neMpi yaseKorea, kanye neMpi YaseSpain yaseMelika, kanye nobude obugcwele bempi yaseMelika ePhilippines, kuhlanganiswa nayo yonke isikhathi seMpi yaseMelika yaseMexico.
Manje, ezinye zalezo zimpi zifeze izinto, ngizovuma - njengokuntshontsha uhhafu weMexico. Yini efezwe yiSentinel ka-Operation Freedom, eyayaziwa nge-Operation Enduring Freedom, ngaphandle kokubekezela nokukhuthazela nokubekezelela kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi sikhathazeke ngokwanele ukuthi singalinaki ngokuphelele igama elisha njengo-Orwellian njengo-Sentinel weNkululeko (yini - okwakuyi- “Liberty's Enslaver” kuthathiwe kakade)?
Yebo, ngokusho kukaMongameli u-Obama, ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-13 yokuqhuma ngamabhomu nokuhlala e-Afghanistan kusenze saphepha. Lokho kubukeka njengesimangalo umuntu okufanele acele ubufakazi obuthile ngaso. Uhulumeni wase-US usebenzise cishe ama-trillion amadola kule mpi, kanye nama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-13 ekusetshenzisweni okujwayelekile kwezempi eminyakeni eyi-13, isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwemali senyuke kakhulu ngokusebenzisa le mpi nezimpi ezihlobene nayo njengesizathu. Amashumi ezigidigidi zamadola angaqeda indlala emhlabeni, ahlinzekele umhlaba ngamanzi ahlanzekile, njll. Besingasindisa izimpilo eziyizigidi futhi sikhethe ukubulala izinkulungwane esikhundleni salokho. Impi ibingumbhubhisi oholayo wemvelo. Siphose inkululeko yethu yomphakathi ngefasitela ngegama "lenkululeko." Sikhiphe izikhali eziningi kakhulu kuye kwadingeka ukuthi zikhishwe ziye eminyangweni yamaphoyisa endawo, kube nemiphumela ebikezelayo. Isimangalo sokuthi kukhona okuhle okufikile futhi okuzayo futhi okuzoqhubeka nokuza eminyakeni eminingi ezayo kusuka kule mpi kufanele sibhekwe nakho.
Ungabheki eduze. I-CIA uthola ukuthi ingxenye esemqoka yempi (ukubulala okubhekiswe ku-drone - "ukubulala" kungukuthi izwi labo) kuyaphikisana. Ngaphambi kokuthi umphikisi omkhulu wempi uFred Branchfman afe kulo nyaka waqoqa ende uhlu zezitatimende ezenziwa ngamalungu kahulumeni wase-US nakwezempi asho into efanayo. Ukuthi ukubulala abantu abane-drones kuvame ukufuthekela abangane babo kanye nemindeni, ukukhiqiza izitha eziningi kunalokho okukuqothulayo, kungaba lula ukukuqonda ngemuva kokufunda ucwaningo olusanda kwenziwa okutholiwe ukuthi lapho i-US ihlose umuntu ngokubulala, ibulala abantu abengeziwe abangama-27 endleleni. UGeneral Stanley McChrystal uthe uma ubulala umuntu ongenacala udala izitha eziyishumi. Angisona isazi sezibalo, kepha ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kufika ezitheni ezingaba ngu-10 ezidalwa njalo lapho umuntu efakwa ohlwini lokubulala, noma ezingama-270 uma lowo muntu ekholelwa noma engenacala (walokho akucaci kahle).
Le mpi iyaphikisana nemibandela yayo. Kepha ayini lawo magama? Imvamisa kuyisimemezelo sokuziphindiselela okunonya nokulahlwa komthetho - yize kugqokiwe kuzwakala njengezinto ezihlonipheke kakhulu. Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula lapha ukuthi konke lokhu kwaqala kanjani. Izwe laseMelika, iminyaka emithathu ngaphambi kukaSepthemba 11, 2001, lalicela amaTaliban ukuthi aguqule u-Osama bin Laden. AbaseTaliban bacele ubufakazi bokuthi unecala lobugebengu nokuzibophezela ekumzameni ezweni lesithathu elingathathi hlangothi ngaphandle kwesigwebo sentambo. Lokhu kuqhubeke kwaze kwaba u-Okthoba, 2001. (Bheka, isibonelo: "UBush Wenqaba Ukunikezwa KweTaliban Ukunikela NgeBin Laden Over" Guardian, Ngo-Okthoba 14, 2001.) AmaTaliban aphinde axwayisa i-United States ukuthi uBin Laden uhlela ukuhlasela umhlaba wase-US (lokhu ngokwe-BBC). OwayenguNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle wasePakistan uNiaz Naik utshele i-BBC ukuthi izikhulu eziphezulu zaseMelika zamtshela engqungqutheleni eyayixhaswe yi-UN eBerlin ngoJulayi 2001 ukuthi iMelika izothathela izinyathelo amaTaliban maphakathi no-Okthoba. Uthe kuyangabazeka ukuthi ukuzinikela kuBin Laden kuzoshintsha lezo zinhlelo. Ngenkathi i-United States ihlasela i-Afghanistan ngo-Okthoba 7, 2001, amaTaliban acela futhi ukuthi axoxisane ngokunikela ngoBin Laden ezweni lesithathu ukuze liqulwe. Izwe laseMelika lasenqaba lesi sipho futhi laqhubeka nokulwa ne-Afghanistan iminyaka eminingi, lingayimisi lapho kukholakala ukuthi uBin Laden ushiye lelo zwe, futhi akazange alinqamule ngemuva kokumemezela ukushona kukaBin Laden.
Ngakho-ke, ngokungahambisani nolawulo lomthetho, i-United States kanye nabaphathi bayo baqhube isisulu sokubulala esirekhodi okwakungavinjelwa ngecala e-2001 noma ngokungakaze babe nezikhali eziqeqeshiwe neziqeqeshiwe nguLaden Laden nabalingani bakhe kuma-1980s noma ngokungakaze acasule iSoviet Union ukuthi ihlasele noma ngokungakaze wethule iMpi Yomshoshaphansi, njll.
Uma le mpi ingakwenzi ukuphepha - nge ukuvota emhlabeni wonke ukuthola i-United States manje ebhekwa njengosongo olukhulu ekuthuleni komhlaba - ingabe ikwenzile okunye? Kungenzeka. Noma mhlawumbe isengakwazi - ikakhulukazi uma iphelile futhi ishushiswa njengecala. Okungafezwa yile mpi ukususwa ngokuphelele komehluko phakathi kwempi nalokho i-CIA ne-White House bakubiza ngabakwenzayo emibikweni yabo futhi ama-memos asemthethweni: ukubulala.
Iphephandaba laseJalimane seline eshicilelwe uhlu lokubulala lweNATO - uhlu olufana nolukaMongameli Obama - lwabantu ababhekiswe ekubulaweni. Ohlwini kukhona abalwa nabasemazingeni aphansi, ngisho nabashushumbisi bezidakamizwa abangalwi. Ngempela sikuthathile ukuboshwa kanye nokuhlukunyezwa okuhambisana nalokhu kanye namasudi omthetho nezinkinga zokuziphatha kanye nokugoqwa kwesandla ngokuhlelwa kokubulala.
Kungani ukubulala kufanele kwamukeleke ukwedlula ukuboshwa nokuhlukunyezwa? Ngokuyinhloko ngicabanga ukuthi sincike ezinsaleni zesiko esekukudala saphila njengezinganekwane. Impi - esicabanga ngokungacabangi ukuthi ibilokhu ikhona futhi izohlala ikhona - ayizange isetshenziselwe ukubukeka njengamanje. Kwakungavamisile ukuthi kube ngamaphesenti angama-90 abantu abashonile ababengewona amasosha. Sisakhuluma “ngezinkundla zempi,” kepha zijwayele ukuba yizinto ezinjalo. Izimpi zahlelwa futhi zahlelelwa imidlalo efanayo yemidlalo. Amabutho asendulo amaGrikhi ayekanisa eceleni kwesitha ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuthi angahlaselwa ngokuzumayo. AbaseSpain namaMoor baxoxisana ngezinsuku zezimpi. AmaNdiya aseCalifornia asebenzisa imicibisholo enembile yokuzingela kodwa imicibisholo ngaphandle kwezimpaphe empini yesiko. Umlando wempi ungowesiko nenhlonipho “kumphikisi ofanelekile.” UGeorge Washington ubengacathamela amaBrithani, noma amaHesse, futhi ababulale ngobusuku bukaKhisimusi hhayi ngoba kungekho noyedwa owake wacabanga ukuwela iDelaware phambilini, kepha ngoba lokho bekungekhona okwenziwe umuntu.
Yebo, manje kunjalo. Izimpi zilwiwa emadolobheni abantu nasezigodini nasemadolobheni. Izimpi zibulala ngezinga elikhulu. Futhi indlela ethile eyenziwe e-Afghanistan nasePakistan ngamasosha ase-US ne-CIA inethuba elihle lokubukeka njengokubulala kubantu abaningi. Kwangathi lokho kungasishukumisela ukuba sikuqede. Sengathi singazimisela ukungakuvumeli lokhu kuqhubeke eminye iminyaka eyishumi noma omunye unyaka noma enye inyanga. Kwangathi singezibandakanye nokuzenzisa kokukhuluma ngokubulawa kwabantu abaningi njengokuqedwe nje ngoba umbulali wabantu unikeze leli cala igama elisha. Kuze kube manje ngabafile kuphela ababone ukuphela kwempi e-Afghanistan.
