NguMedea Benjamin noMarcy Winograd, World BEYOND War, Disemba 29, 2020
Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba uMongameli-Okhethiwe uJoe Biden angene eWhite House, iKomidi Lezobunhloli laseSenate lingaqala ukulalelwa kokuphakanyiswa kwakhe u-Avril Haines njengoMqondisi Wezobunhloli Kazwelonke.
Ummeli ophezulu kaBarack Obama eMkhandlwini Wezokuphepha Kazwelonke kusukela ngonyaka ka-2010 kuya ku-2013 elandelwa yiPhini Lomqondisi we-CIA kusukela ngo-2013 kuya ku-2015, uHaines uyimpisi eyisaga embethe isikhumba semvu. Ungumbulali osabekayo, ngokusho kuka Newsweek, uzobizwa phakathi kwamabili ukuze anqume ukuthi ngabe isakhamuzi sanoma yiliphi izwe, kubandakanya nelethu, kufanele sishiswe esitelekeni sedrone saseMelika ezweni elikude eMiddle East enkulu. IHaines nayo ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuvaleni uhlelo lokuhlushwa lwaseMelika, olwaziwa ngokuthi “izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokuphenya ngemibuzo,” ezibandakanya ukugibela amanzi okuphindaphindwayo, ukuhlazeka ngokocansi, ukuncishwa ubuthongo, ukuvusa iziboshwa ezingagqokile ngamanzi abandayo eqhwa, kanye nokubuyiselwa kabusha kwamangqamuzana emzimbeni.
Ngalezi zizathu, phakathi kokunye, amaqembu ezishoshovu i-CODEPINK, Progressive Democrats of America, World Beyond War futhi iRoots Action yethule umkhankaso wokuthi iSenate inqabe ukuqinisekiswa kwayo.
La maqembu afanayo aqhuba imikhankaso ephumelelayo yokuvimba uBiden ekukhetheni abanye abantu ababili ababethanda ukulwa nezikhundla ezibucayi zezinqubomgomo zangaphandle: I-China-hawk Michele Flournoy kaNobhala Wezokuvikela kanye nomxolisi wokuhlukumeza uMike Morell woMqondisi we-CIA. Ngokubamba amaqembu abizela kumaSenator, ethula izikhalazo futhi ashicilele Izincwadi Ezivulekile ezivela Izithunywa ze-DNC, abalwela amalungelo abesifazane—Kuhlanganisa u-Alice Walker, uJane Fonda, noGloria Steinem — kanye Abasindile eGuantanamo, izishoshovu zisize ekuqedeni ukhetho labo abake bathathwa njengama-shoo-in ekhabhinethi likaBiden.
Manje izishoshovu ziphonsela inselelo u-Avril Haines.
Ngo-2015, ngenkathi uHaines eyiPhini Lomqondisi we-CIA, abenzeli be-CIA kugqekeziwe ngokungemthethoamakhompyutha eKomidi Lezobunhloli laseSenate ukuvimba uphenyo lweKomidi mayelana nohlelo lokuboshwa nokuphenywa kwenhlangano yezinhloli. IHaines inqobe uMhloli Jikelele weCIA e ukwehluleka ukuyala abenzeli be-CIA owephule ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla koMthethosisekelo wase-US. Ngokusho kowabe ephenya impempe ye-CIA uJohn Kiriakou, akagcinanga ngokuvikela abaduni ekuziphenduleni kepha wabanikeza ne-Career Intelligence Medal.
Futhi kukhona okuningi. Lapho ikhasi eliphelele le-6,000 Umbiko weSenate Intelligence Committee ngokuhlukunyezwa wagcina usuqediwe, ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu yophenyo nocwaningo, uHaines wathatha umthwalo wokuphinda awenze kabusha ukuze kunqatshelwe ilungelo lomphakathi lokwazi imininingwane yawo ephelele, wehlisa lo mbhalo waba yisifinyezo esinamakhasi angama-500, esenziwe ngoyinki omnyama.
Lokhu kuvinjelwa kudlule nje "ukuvikela imithombo nezindlela"; kugweme amahloni e-CIA, ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukuthuthuka kwakhe kwezomsebenzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uHaines wasekela ukuxolisa ngokuhlukunyezwa uGina Haspel njengoMqondisi we-CIA kaTrump. UHaspel waba nejele eliyimfihlo lendawo yabamnyama eThailand lapho kwakuhlukunyezwa khona njalo. IHaspel iphinde yabhala imemo iyalela ukuthi kucishwe amakhophi evidiyo acishe abe yi-100 aqopha ukuhlukunyezwa kweCIA.
NjengoDavid Segal Wokufuna Inqubekela phambili utshele I-CNN, “IHaines inerekhodi elibi lokufihla kaningi abahlukumeza nabahlukumezi. Ukufuna kwakhe ukwenziwa kabusha kombiko wokuhlukunyezwa, ukwenqaba kwakhe ukujezisa abasebenzi beCIA abagqekeze iSenate nokuxhasa kwakhe uGina Haspel - okwaze kwamukelwa yiTrump White House njengoba amaDemocrats ayephikisana ngazwilinye nalowo owayephakanyisiwe ngaleso sikhathi ukuhola i-CIA - kufanele baphenywe ngemibuzo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqinisekisa. ”
Lo muzwa wawunjalo i-echoed nguMark Udall, isenenja yeDemocratic Committee ekomitini lezobunhloli ngesikhathi iqeda umbiko wokuhlushwa. "Uma izwe lethu lizovula ikhasi esahlukweni esimnyama somlando wethu okwakuwuhlelo lokuhlukunyezwa yi-CIA, kufanele siyeke ukuqoka nokuqinisekisa abantu ababehola lolu hlelo olubi futhi basiza ukulufihla."
Esinye isizathu sokuthi ukuphakanyiswa kukaHaines kufanele kunqatshwe ukwesekwa kwakhe ekwandeni kwama-drones okubulala. Kube nemizamo ebambisene yalabo abebesebenza no-Obama ukupenda iHaines njengezwi lokuzibamba elizama ukuvikela izakhamizi. Kepha ngokusho kwangaphambilini Umlobi we-CIA Kiarikou, IHaines ivame ukuvumela ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu okwenziwa nge-drone okungabulalanga nje amaphekula asolwayo kuphela, kodwa nemindeni yonke, kubandakanya nezingane, ezife njengomonakalo wesibambiso. ” Ngu-Avril onqume ukuthi kusemthethweni yini ukushisa umuntu ovela ezulwini, ”kusho uKiriakou.
Lapho amaqembu alwela amalungelo abantu esola ukusetshenziswa kwamawala kuka-Obama ngokubulala ngokungenacala, kufaka phakathi ukucabanga ukuthi bonke abesilisa abaseminyakeni yobusoshas endaweni yesiteleka kwakungamabutho “ezitha” ngakho-ke izinhloso ezisemthethweni, iHaines yabhaliswa umbhali ohlangene "ukuqondiswa kwenqubomgomo kamongameli" entsha yokuqinisa imithethonqubo. Kepha lokhu "kuqondiswa" okusha, okwakhishwa ngoMeyi 22, 2013, kwaqhubeka kufiphaza umugqa phakathi kwezakhamizi namabutho, kulungiswa ukubulawa kwabantu okuhlosiwe futhi kunqatshelwe ngempumelelo "ukucatshangelwa kobumsulwa" obekuyisisekelo somthetho womphakathi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-800.
Ibhuku lokudlala le-drone, "IZINQUBO ZOKUVUMELA IZINYATHELO EZIQONDILE NGOKUBHEKISANA NEZIPHAKAMISO ZAMABHAYIBHELI EZINGAPHANDLE KWEZINDAWO ZASE-UNITED NEZINDAWO ZAMAHOLO ASEBENZAYO," kusho ekhasini 1 ukuthi noma ikuphi "ukuthatha izinyathelo eziqondile kumele kwenziwe ngokusemthethweni futhi kuthathwe ngokumelene nezinhloso ezisemthethweni," kepha izinkombandlela azikhulumi ngemithetho yamazwe omhlaba noma yasekhaya echaza ukuthi ukubulawa kwabantu ngokungenacala ngaphandle kwendawo esebenzayo yempi kuvunyelwe.
Ekhasini 4, imihlahlandlela yeziteleka ze-drone ivumela isenzo esibulalayo kulabo abangewona "amanani aphezulu," ngaphandle kokuchaza indlela i-CIA engayisebenzisa ukukhomba umuntu njengosongo olusondele ekuphepheni kwe-United States. Ekhasini 12, ababambisene nabo, iHaines phakathi kwabo, baphinde baklama izimfuneko ezisezingeni eliphansi lomuntu “oqokelwe” ukwenza isenzo esibulalayo. Lona kanye igama elithi “oqokiwe” lisikisela umzamo wokubulawa kwabantu okuhlosiwe nge-sugarcoat, njengokungathi inhloso yokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu inconyelwe isikhundla seKhabhinethi likamongameli wase-US. [QAPHELA: Kungenzeka (ngandlela thile ukubhuqa) ufuna ukubeka “[sic]” ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kokuqala kwegama elithi “ophakanyisiwe”]
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imihlahlandlela uqobo lwayo yayivame ukunganakwa ngokuphelele. Inqubomgomo uthi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi i-US "ibeka phambili, njengenqubomgomo, ukuthunjwa kwabasolwa bamaphekula njengenketho abangayikhetha ngaphezu kwento ebulalayo" nokuthi isenzo esibulalayo kufanele sithathwe "kuphela lapho ukubanjwa komuntu kungenzeki." Kepha abaphathi baka-Obama abenzanga lutho ngalolu hlobo. Ngaphansi kukaGeorge Bush, okungenani i-780 abasolwa bamaphekula babanjwa baphonswa esigulini esasiphethwe yiMelika eGuantanamo. Imihlahlandlela yeHaines iyakwenqabela ukudluliselwa eGuantanamo ngakho-ke, abasolwa bamane bashiswa.
Imihlahlandlela yayidinga "eduze kokuqiniseka ukuthi abangewona amaqhawe ngeke babulawe noma balimale," kepha le mfuneko yayiphulwa njalo, njengoba ibhalwe phansi yi-Bureau of Investigative Journalism.
Isiqondisi senqubomgomo yeHaines futhi uthi ukuthi i-US izobuhlonipha ubukhosi bamanye amazwe, yenze kuphela isenzo esibulalayo lapho abanye ohulumeni "bengeke noma bengeke" babhekane nosongo e-US Lokhu, nakho, kwaba ngamagama angenalutho ephepheni. Izwe laseMelika alizange lize libonisane nohulumeni ababefaka amabhomu endaweni yabo futhi, endabeni yePakistan, badelela uhulumeni obala. NgoDisemba 2013, iPhalamende Likazwelonke LasePakistan kuvunyelwane ngazwi linye isinqumo esiphikisana neziteleka ze-drone zase-US ePakistan, zibabiza ngokwephula "umqulu weNhlangano Yezizwe, imithetho yamazwe omhlaba kanye nezinkambiso zokusiza abantu" kanye noNdunankulu wangaphambili wasePakistan Nawaz Sharif uthe: "Ukusetshenziswa kwama-drones akukhona nje ukwephula okuqhubekayo ubuqotho bendawo yethu kodwa futhi kuyalimaza esinqumweni sethu nasemizamweni yethu yokuqeda ubuphekula ezweni lethu." Kepha i-US yazishaya indiva izicelo zikahulumeni okhethiwe wasePakistan.
Ukwanda kokubulawa kwabantu nge-drone ngaphansi kuka-Obama, kusuka e-Yemen kuya eSomalia, kuphule nomthetho wase-US, onika iCongress igunya elilodwa lokugunyaza ukungqubuzana kwezempi. Kepha ithimba lezomthetho lika-Obama, elalihlanganisa iHaines, lavika umthetho ngokugcizelela ukuthi lokhu kungenelela kwamasosha kwawela ngaphansi kwe-2001 Authorization for the Use of Military Force (AUMF), umthetho iCongress waphasisa ukukhomba i-Afghanistan ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kuka-9/11. Le mpikiswano ebabazekayo inikeze ifolishi ukusetshenziswa kabi okungalawulwa kwalowo 2001 AUMF, ngokusho kweCongressional Research Service, bekulokhu kuncike ekuthetheleleni isenzo samasosha aseMelika okungenani ama-41 emazweni we-19.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkombandlela azidingi nokuthi i-CIA kanye nezinye izinhlaka ezibambe iqhaza ohlelweni lwe-drone zazise uMongameli, uMkhuzi-Oyinhloko, ukuthi ngubani ozobulawa esitelekeni se-drone, ngaphandle kwalapho umuntu ohlosiwe isakhamuzi sase-US noma lapho ama-ejensi aphethe engavumelani kulokho okuhlosiwe.
Kunezinye izizathu eziningi zokwenqaba iHaines. Uyakhuthaza kuqinisa izijeziso zezomnotho ezikhubazayo eNyakatho Korea ezibukela phansi ukuthula okuxoxiswene ngakho, “nokushintsha kombuso” –okuzenzisa okwenziwe umlingani waseMelika – okungashiya iNorth Korea ewile isengozini yokwebiwa kwamaphekula kwezinto zayo zenuzi; wayengumeluleki eWestExec Advisors, inkampani exhaphaza ukuxhumana kukahulumeni ngaphakathi ukusiza izinkampani ukuthi zivikele izinkontileka zePentagon; futhi wayengumxhumanisi naye I-Palantir, inkampani yezimayini ezenza ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwabantu abaningi kwabokufika kuleli uTrump.
Kepha irekhodi likaHaines ngokuhlukunyezwa nakuma-drones, lilodwa, kufanele lanele ukuthi amaSenator anqabe ukuphakanyiswa kwakhe. Inhloli engazikhukhumezi — eyaqala e-White House njengomeluleki wezomthetho eMnyangweni Wezwe LaseBush ngo-2003, unyaka i-US eyahlasela ngawo i-Iraq — yayingase ibukeke futhi izwakale njengoprofesa wakho oyintandokazi wasekolishi kunomuntu owavumela ukubulala ngokulawula okukude noma Wayephethe ipeni elimnyama ukumboza ukuhlukunyezwa yi-CIA, kepha ukuhlolwa okucacile kwesikhathi sakhe esidlule kufanele kuqinisekise iSenate ukuthi iHaines ayikufanele isikhundla esiphezulu ekuphathweni okuthembisa ukubuyisa ukusebenzela obala, ukwethembeka nokuhlonipha umthetho wamazwe omhlaba.
Tshela uSenator wakho: Votela cha ngeHaines.
