I-US Kufanele Ikhokhele Izindleko ze-Iran

NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, NgoFebhuwari 4, 2021

Kungani ngingasho into ehlasimulisayo, ekhohlisayo, ekhohlisayo, exhaswe ngemali ngu-Putin? Ngabe nginethemba lokuvusa ulaka kubasiki bempi ababone “izindaba” eziningi kakhulu zethelevishini?

Lutho neze. Ngifuna ukuthi bahlale beseduze lapho ngithi empeleni kungaba kuhle ukuthi i-United States ikhokhele ukukhokhelwa kuwo wonke umhlaba.

Hhayi-ke kungani ngingasho into enjalo, futhi hlobo luni lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo olungangivumela ukuthi ngikholelwe ukuthi uhulumeni wase-Iranian uphelele ngokungcwele?

Ah, lowo ngumbuzo obalulekile, akunjalo? Ngoba, njengoba sonke sazi, kuzo zonke izinkantolo ezake zayalela noma ngubani ukuthi anxephezele omunye umuntu, kuye kwadingeka ukuthi kufakazelwe ukuthi omunye umuntu ubengumuntu ongenaphutha wepharadesi. Ukufakazela ukuthi othile walinyazwa akukaze kuhambisane nhlobo. Cha. Umthwalo wobufakazi ubulokhu uhlala kumuntu ohlukunyeziwe ukukhombisa ukuthi abakaze nakanye benze into engathandeki kunoma ngubani. Kungakho ukukhokhelwa nokunxeshezelwa nokubuyiselwa kungaze kwenzeke. Eqinisweni lezi zinto azikho njengemiqondo. Uma bekwenzile, le ndaba elandelayo ingabaluleka.

Ngawo-1720s, amaphephandaba amakoloni ayezoba yi-United States abhala kahle ngoMbuso WasePheresiya, leyo ndawo eminyakeni engama-2500 eyedlule eyayiphethe ama-60% esintu. O “baba abayisisekelo” abahlukahlukene baseMelika abanjengoThomas Jefferson bafuna amamodeli emlandweni wasePheresiya. Kusukela ngeminyaka yo-1690 kuya kowe-1800, ngokususelwa ezincwadini zabo zesikole, izingane zase-US zazingenamathuba okuthi zicabange nge “xylophone” enohlamvu oluthi “x” futhi kungenzeka zicabange ngo “Xerxes.” Ngokuyisisekelo semfundo yase-US ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, Imibhalo ka-Abbott, kufakwe abane abangewona abaseNtshonalanga. Abathathu babo kwakunguXerxes, Cyrus, noDariyu. Izibonelo zomlando wasePheresiya zaphonswa ngapha nangapha ezinkulumweni zeCongress. Amadolobha ase-US aziqamba wona (futhi asabizwa namanje) iMedia, Persia, Cyrus.

Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1830 kuya kowe-1930 izithunywa zevangeli ezingamaPresbyterian ezivela e-United States zazihlala futhi zikhulise imindeni ePersia ngenhloso yokuguqula amaKrestu lapho abe ukunambitheka okuthandwayo kobuKristu. Kulokho, behluleke kakhulu, kepha baphumelela ekunikezeni izikole, ezemithi, kanye nemibono emihle mayelana ne-United States.

Kusukela ngawo-1850 kuya kowe-1920 amaphephandaba asePheresiya akhuthaza iMelika njengesibonelo. Kuze kube ngawo-1940 uhulumeni wase-Iran ngokuvamile wayefuna ithonya elikhulu le-US e-Iran, futhi uhulumeni wase-US wayevame ukwenqaba, imvamisa edelela.

I-Iran, kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1820 kuya phambili iphoqelelwe yiRussia neBrithani kanye namanye amazwe aseYurophu emjikelezweni wesikweletu nokuvuma. Kwakungokunye esikhundleni seRussia noma iBrithani lapho i-Iran yayikhangwa yi-United States, noma okungenani emcabangweni eyayinawo ngalokho i-United States eyayiyikho. Ngo-1849, i-United States ingakaze ibe nenxusa e-Iran, i-Iran yaqala imfihlo (ungatsheli abaseBrithani!) Izingxoxo nomphathiswa wase-US eConstantinople. Ngo-1851 basayina iSivumelwano Sobungani, Ezentengiselwano Nokuzulazula. Kwakunobulungiswa obubabazekayo futhi benenhlonipho ngokuqhathanisa nezivumelwano zaseYurophu ne-Iran, kepha akuzange kuqinisekiswe. Ngokwazi kwami ​​i-Iran ayibuzanga nesisodwa isizwe samaMelika Omdabu ukuthi yikuphi okuhle obekungakwenza. Ngo-1854, u-Shah wase-Iran wacela i-United States ukuthi ifake imikhumbi yase-US ePersian Gulf nasefulegi lase-US kuyo yonke imikhumbi yase-Iran, kodwa uhulumeni wase-US wayengenandaba. Kuze kwaba ngo-1882 lapho iCongress yase-US ingancengwa khona ukuthi ithumele noma ngubani omele i-US e-Iran, futhi ngenxa yokuthi iLungu leCongress elibalulekile lalinodadewabo lapho owayeyisithunywa sevangeli futhi engahle abe yisisulu “sentukuthelo kaMohammed. Lowo mmeli wayengeke abizwe njengenxusa, ngenxa yokuthi i-Iran ayilona izwe laseYurophu, kepha ukufika kwakhe eTehran ngo-1883 kwaba yisizathu somgubho omkhulu. Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, i-Iran yathumela isithunywa sayo sokuqala eWashington, lapho uhulumeni wase-US ngokuvamile enqaba ukumnaka futhi namaphephandaba ase-US ayenesihluku esikhulu kuye waze wasula ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye.

Ngo-1891 abantu base-Iranian bavukela esidlangalaleni ngokunikezwa kuka-Shah amandla okulawula ugwayi kwabaseBrithani. Ngo-1901, ngamakhilogremu angama-20,000 60, u-Shah wanika iBrithani ilungelo lokubhola cishe noma kuphi ngo-oyela iminyaka engama-1900. Khonamanjalo, ngo-1904 ungqongqoshe omusha waqala ukumela iPersia e-United States futhi wakhulisa kakhulu ukuhwebelana phakathi kwala mazwe womabili, ikakhulukazi okhaphethi basePheresiya. I-pavilion yasePheresiya e-XNUMX St Louis World's Fair yaba yimpumelelo enkulu (futhi yanikeza i-US isigaxa sama-waffle).

Ngo-1906 iPersia yabona ukuvukela okukhulu okuthandwayo, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kokuhlala njengethuluzi lesenzo esingenalo udlame (hey, Iran-ozonda isisebenzi sezimoto ngomholo omuhle, ngingu ngikubhekile), futhi wanqoba ukwakhiwa kwephalamende elimele. Ngo-1907, iRussia neBrithani bafuna ukwehlukanisa iPheresiya ngezigaba zokuphatha kwabo. Iphalamende (uMajles) limelene, kwathi u-Shah wazama ukuqasha amaqembu ezigelekeqe ngenhloso yokugqugquzela ukuvukela umbuso kwama-Majles. Isizwe sangena empini yombango. Ngo-1909 owaseMelika ogama lakhe linguHoward Baskerville waba yiqhawe elisahlonishwa e-Iran ngenkathi ebulawa ngamakhosi asebukhosini.

Ngo-1909 abakwaMajles bacela i-United States ukuthi ihlinzeke umgcinimafa-jikelele ozobheka izimali zesizwe. W. Morgan Shuster wawuthola umsebenzi. Waba ngaphezu kwe-accountant. Waba ngumholi wokuphikisana nomthethosisekelo emizamweni yamakhosi okubhukuqa amaMajles. Kulokhu, wayengenzeli uhulumeni wase-US. Lapho amabutho aseRussia efuna ukuxoshwa kukaShuster, uMajles wabhalela i-US Congress ecela usizo, kodwa iCongress yayingenayo intshisekelo (yahleka insini). Kwalandela ukuvukela umbuso okunodlame. UShuster ubephumile. Uhulumeni wonodoli waseRussia wayekhona. Emuva e-United States, uShuster wayeyisihlabani. Imfashini yasePheresiya yayishisa. Iposi lase-US lithathe isiqubulo salo encazelweni kaHerodotus yohlelo lokuposa loMbuso WasePheresiya. Kepha iPersia yangempela yayingenandaba.

Lapho iYurophu iqala ubuhlanya beMpi Yezwe I, iPersia yamemezela ukungathathi hlangothi. Lokhu kumane kunganakwa yizinhlangothi zombili, ezaqhubeka zisebenzisa indawo njengendawo yokulwa nokunqamula izintambo zokuhlinzeka, okwaholela ekutheni abantu basePheresiya abangaba yizigidi ezimbili babulawa yindlala noma ukufa kwezifo. Ngenkathi amaKrestu ebulala amaSulumane, ngokubambisana kwezithunywa zevangeli zase-US, umbono omuhle lezo zithunywa zevangeli owawusenze amashumi eminyaka wonakala. IPersia noma kunjalo yayilokhu icela usizo kuhulumeni wase-US nokuthi kubuyiswe iShuster. Ngo-2, u-Shah wacela imvume yokufihla embusweni wase-US nokundizisa ifulegi lase-US e-Imperial Palace - zombili izicelo ezinqatshiwe. Ekupheleni kwempi, iPersia yayithemba ubulungiswa obuthile ezingxoxweni zaseParis, kepha yavalwa yimikhuba yaseBrithani, kubandakanya nokufumbathisa u-Shah. Lokhu kushiye i-Iran ingenalo ithuba lokuthi amathemba ayo kuWoodrow Wilson achitheke njengawo wonke umhlaba, asolwa ngokuya eBrithani. Ungqongqoshe waseMelika eTehran ukhiphe isitatimende esidlangalaleni esithi iMelika izame konke okusemandleni ukuthi iPersia ifakwe kwiNgqungquthela Yokuthula YaseParis. Izwe lavalwa yizidubedube ezazisekela iMelika. Funda lowo musho wokugcina kabili.

Ukusebenzisana okuyimfihlo kweBrithani nePersia, ngemuva kukaWilson, kwakuyimpikiswano ebalulekile eSenate yase-US yokwenqaba ukujoyina i-League of Nations. I-Persia yanikela ngo-oyela wase-United States futhi yaqhubeka nokuyincenga ukuthi ibambe iqhaza, kepha uhulumeni wase-US wayebaluleke kakhulu, okungukuthi ukungacasuli abaseBrithani. Ngo-1922, uMnyango Wezwe LaseMelika wathumela umeluleki omusha wezezimali, kodwa wayengeyena uShuster. Ngenkathi inkampani kawoyela yaseMelika ekugcineni ikhethwa ukuthi isebenze ePersia, ngokushesha yahlaselwa yihlazo leTeapot Dome, futhi lezo zinhlelo zawa. Kwathi-ke, esimweni sokungazi kahle kuhlangene nokubulala ngobuhlanya, isixuku sashaya indlovukazi yaseMelika yaze yafa, futhi uhulumeni wase-US waphikelela ukuthi kubulawe abafana abathathu njengesinxephezelo, futhi baba njalo.

I-Iran ibilokhu ifinyelela e-United States, iphendulela imizamo yayo yokuvubukula kubantu baseMelika, yamukela izithunywa zevangeli ezintsha nezikole zazo. Kuze kube ngo-1979, izikhulu eziningi zikahulumeni wase-Iran zazithweswe iziqu esikoleni sezithunywa zevangeli sase-US esibizwa ngokuthi i-Alborz School.

U-Shah wadlala ngobuNazi. Imibono yemvelaphi "yama-Aryan" (Iranian) yomjaho ophakeme waseNordic - imibono ikakhulukazi yemvelaphi yase-US - yasetshenziswa yiJalimane lamaNazi ukunxenxa i-Iran. Kodwa-ke i-Iran isamemezele ukungathathi hlangothi kwayo ngesikhathi kulandelwa iWWI, futhi bekungenandaba. ISoviet Union neBrithani bahlasela. I-Iran, vele, icele uhulumeni wase-US ukuthi anqabe. Uhulumeni wase-US, vele, wakushaya indiva lokhu. Ngesikhathi sempi, empeleni, uRoosevelt, uChurchill, noStalin basebenzisa iTehran njengendawo yokuhlangana ngenkathi benza konke okusemandleni ukunganaki iqiniso lokuthi noma ngubani wayehlala lapho. UStalin wayengumphathi kahle. Ngisho no-Shah akazange amenywe emcimbini wokuzalwa kukaChurchill. Kepha lapho amadoda aKhulu esehambile, uRoosevelt wathumelela u-Shah incwadi ethi unethemba lokuthi ngelinye ilanga u-Shah uzohambela iWashington. U-Shah wanamathela kulelo themba futhi wafuna ukuligcwalisa eminyakeni eyalandela. Khonamanjalo amasosha aseMelika angaba ngu-30,000 1943 ayese-Iran kusukela ngonyaka we-1945 kuya kowe-XNUMX benokudakwa nokudlwengulwa okujwayelekile kanti ubandlululo lwalubukisa ngengcebo lapho indlala ibiluphawu lwezikhungo zase-US emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngalolo suku kuze kube manje.

Lapho izimpi zomhlaba ezimbili seziphelile, i-Iran yaqala inkathi yeningi yentando yeningi nenhlalakahle ehlobene nayo. Ngeke kuhlale isikhathi eside. Ngo-1947, inhlangano yentando yeningi yase-Iranian yabuza ukuthi ingakwazi yini ukubamba iqhaza ekubonisweni kwenxusa laseMelika njengophawu lwentando yeningi. Ngempela kwathiwa makulahleke. Inxusa laseMelika kusuka ngonyaka we-1948 kuya kowe-1951 lalinemibono eyedlulele yeChurchillian ngabomdabu abangenangqondo, ababengakwazi futhi abangayilungele intando yeningi. Yena no-Shah babezwana. Kwakungu-1949 lapho ekugcineni uShah efika okokuqala e-United States, izwe lentando yeningi. Ngo-1950, abantu base-Irani bezwa ngobumbano lwaseMelika ekuphatheni kabi uhulumeni waseBrithani, baphikelela ekugxekeni i-United States ngezwi lokushaqeka nokudumala, besebenzisa lonke ulimi lokuphambuka ezimisweni ezijwayeleke kakhulu kulokhu-hhayi-ngubani- thina-siyizinkulumo ezivela kosopolitiki baseMelika. Ngemuva kwalokho abase-Irani, naphezu kweBrithani ne-United States, bakhetha uNdunankulu uMohammad Mosaddegh.

Ngokokuqala ngqa kuze kube phakade, uhulumeni omele i-Iranian wayemele izifiso zomphakathi wase-Iranian, hhayi ezenkosi noma abaxhasi nabangaphandle bakhe. Le ntukuthelo kwakungafanele ibekezelelwe. UMossadegh, njengabantu abaningi base-Irani, wayekholelwa ukuthi ama-Irani, kuneBrithani, kufanele azuze ngoyela wase-Iranian. Wenza uwoyela waba ngowamazwe onke, futhi isiphetho sakhe savalwa. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi kube khona, wayezonxenxa ngazo zonke izindlela emhlabeni nase-United States. Uqhathanise isenzo sakhe nephathi yetiye yaseBoston. Waya eNew York walinqoba kahle icala lakhe eMkhandlwini Wezokuphepha we-UN. Ngokushesha wabhekisa amabombo ePhiladelphia ukuyodlala neLiberty Bell. Wazenzela Isikhathi umagazini indoda yonyaka. Ubuye waxoxisana ne-US ukuthi ivumele iBrithani ukuthi ibambe iqhaza elikhulu emafutheni ka-Iranian, kepha iBrithani yawuphonsa lowo mbono ebusweni bayo. Amafutha, empeleni, ayephethwe yiBrithani okwakutholwe ngandlela thile ngaphansi kwenhlabathi yase-Iran. UGallup uthole ukuthi amaphesenti ama-2 agcwele omphakathi wase-US acabanga ukuthi i-US kufanele ithathe uhlangothi lwaseBrithani ilwe ne-Iran. Ukuqagela kwami ​​ukuthi lokho kumayelana nephesenti lomphakathi wase-US manje owaziyo ukuthi i-US ikwenzile lokho.

UKermit Roosevelt, umzukulu kaTeddy, uthe yena ne-CIA badiliza uhulumeni wase-Iranian besebenzisa ama- $ 60,000. UNorman Darbyshire we-MI6 yaseBrithani uthe usebenzise imali engaphezulu kwesigidi esingu-1.5 wamaphawundi futhi wahlela amacebo okuzama ukubulala futhi wabulala umphathi wamaphoyisa othembekile waseMossadegh futhi wakhuluma noRoosevelt ukuthi angabe esayeka lapho ukuvukela umbuso kwabo kwehluleka okokuqala. UColonel Stephen J Meade we-CIA, naye owayebandakanyeka ekuvukelweni kombuso ngo-1949 eSyria okususwe kakhulu emlandweni wokubhukuda ngisho nalabo abaziyo nge-Iran 1953, wathi wayengumlingani waseMelika waseDarbyshire ekuhleleni yonke le nto. Akungabazeki ukuthi lokhu kukhishwa kombuso kwakudinga ukuthi kukhethwe uChurchill e-UK nase-Eisenhower e-US, kanti u-Eisenhower waqoka abazalwane baseDulles, abaqala ukuhlela ukubhikisha nabaseBrithani ngaphambi kokuba kuvulwe i-Eisenhower. Kwakudinga nokuthi u-Eisenhower, esekhankasele i-Cold War elwa nobukhomanisi, akholelwe noma enze sengathi ukholelwa inkulumo-ze yakhe kanye nomqondo ongaqondakali wokuthi uMossadegh wayengumuntu ozwelana nokhomishini.

Ukuhlangana okokuqala kwahluleka, kubukeka kungafaneleki noma kusongela kuneBeer Belly Capitol Putsch yango-2021 eWashington. U-Shah, obekuhloswe ngaye ukufaka umbuso esikhundleni sobushiqela, ubebukeka ehlekisa ebalekela eRoma. Kepha izixuku emigwaqweni kanye nokuvakashelwa kwamathangi angama-28 endlini kaMossadegh kwenza iqhinga. I-Iran yakhululwa! Wabuya u-Shah! Intando yeningi yayingaphandle! Ukucaphuna uJefferson manje sekuzoshiywa kwamanye ama-Untermenschen ahlukahlukene avinjelwe kwiNgqungquthela Yokuthula yaseParis, njengeHo Chi Minh. Inkululeko yayimasha! U-Shah wanikezwa amandla, wahlonyiswa, futhi waphenduka waba yikhasimende eliphakeme lezikhali emhlabeni, kwathi i-United States yaba umthengisi wezikhali ophambili emhlabeni. Umsebenzi wokusiza abantu obizwa ngeSAVAK wasungulwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa yi-CIA futhi kamuva iMossad, eyayigxile ekuhlukumezeni nasekubulaleni. Konke kwakulungile ngomhlaba, futhi uhulumeni wase-US ekugcineni wayeyinaka i-Iran futhi efaka imali kuyo. Umholi uze wavakashela i-Iran okokuqala (kungabalwa i-FDR evakashele uStalin), futhi bekuyiPhini likaMongameli uRichard Nixon.

Umbuso wobushiqela ka-Shah wafunda kahle, wathenga izikhali, wahlinzeka ngo-oyela, waphinde wakha nohlelo “lwamaqembu amabili” alukopela ngokuhlekisa oluvela kumodeli yase-US kangangokuthi abantu base-Irani bababiza njengeqembu lika “Yebo” neqembu lika “Yebo, Mnumzane. ” Ithonya laseMelika ekugcineni lafika e-Iran njengeqiniso hhayi iphupho. Ngo-1961, kwakukhona abantu baseMelika abangama-5,000 XNUMX ababehlala e-Iran, kanti iHollywood yayigcwele amabhayisikobho namathelevishini, Newsweek futhi Isikhathi eziteshini zezindaba. Abaningi babengajabule ekugcineni ngokuthi bathole lokho abebekuchithe isikhathi eside becela. Ukusho lokho ngokuzwakalayo kungakubulala, okungenzeka kube yingxenye enkulu yenkinga. Ngo-1964 i-US yathola iSivumelwano Sesimo Samabutho (SOFA) sokunikeza amasosha ase-US amasosha omzimba ngamacala e-Iran. Abaningi bathukuthela. Kepha othile wakhuluma ngokungesabi ephikisana naleso SOFA, indoda eyaziwa njengo-Ayatollah Khomeini.

Ngenkathi i-United States ikhetha umongameli kaJimmy Carter, u-Shah wakhathazeka okwesikhashana ngezinkulumo “zamalungelo abantu”, waze wabona ukuthi kwenzelwa umbukiso. Izikhali zilokhu zigobhoza njengakuqala. UCarter uze wavakashela uShahh futhi wamgcoba “njengesiqhingi sokuzinza” kusasele isonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokuba aketulwe umbuso wezombusazwe owawunesiqubulo esithi “Death to the American's Shah.” Inguquko, noma kunjalo, yayingenabudlova ikakhulukazi. U-Shah akazange abulawe. Uchithe ingxenye engcono yonyaka efuna umhlaba ukuze athole indawo yokuhlala. Lapho uCarter emngenisa e-United States, abantu base-Irani besaba okubi kakhulu. Abazange bakholelwe ukuthi uShahh wayedinga ukwelashwa e-US, ngoba uShahh wayekufihlile ukuthi uyagula. Babekholelwa ukuthi i-United States izosebenzisa inxusa layo eTehran, njengoba yayenzile eminyakeni engama-26 ngaphambili, ukuketula uhulumeni wase-Iran iphinde ifake kabusha iShah. Ngakho-ke, abafundi base-Iranian bagqekeza bathatha inxusa laseMelika, badala inhlekelele yokuthunjwa, baqeda ubumongameli bukaJimmy Carter, futhi baqala uSuku 1 lomlando wobudlelwano be-US-Iranian emithonjeni yezindaba yase-US, okungakaze kwenzeke lutho ngabo ngaphambi kwenkinga yokubanjwa kwabantu. I-Iran, ngo-2021 ukuqonda kwamasiko ase-US, yaba khona ngo-1979.

Ngo-1980 umbusi owayengudlova wase-Iraq eyakhelene nayo, indoda eyayilethwe emandleni ngosizo lwe-US, uSaddam Hussein, yahlasela i-Iran. Inguquko yase-Iranian, eqale njengobumbano okubandakanya abashiyi kanye nabakhululekile kanye nabenkolo, manje isihambile yaya kufana nalokhu eyayikubhukuqile. Lokhu ikwenze egameni lobunye nokusinda. Uhulumeni kaRonald Reagan wasiza zombili izinhlangothi empini, enethemba lokulimaza izinhlangothi zombili nokwenza imali ezinhlangothini zombili. Zombili izinhlangothi zaziqhubekisela phambili impi ngokungadingekile. Zombili izinhlangothi zenze izinto ezishaqisayo. Amasosha asekelwa yi-Iranian aqhumisa iMarines yaseMelika eLebanon. I-US yasiza i-Iraq yazi lapho kufanele iqhume khona abantu, futhi yasiza i-Iraq ukuthola nokubalekela ngokusebenzisa izikhali zamakhemikhali. I-US nayo izithengisele ngasese i-Iran izikhali, ngoba, njengohulumeni wase-Israel, uhulumeni wase-US wayene-ajenda eyayivame ukungqubuzana nenkulumo-ze yakhe. Wena, mfundi othandekayo, kufanele uqhubeke uzonde i-Iran futhi ukhonze uReagan, futhi ucaphuna uReagan ngokuthi "akasebenzisani nabathumbi," kepha iqiniso ukuthi kwakunguReagan ethengisa izikhali e-Iran ukuzama ukukhulula abathumbi eLebanon nokuthola imali impi eNicaragua iCongress eyayimenqabele ukuyilwa. Uhulumeni Omkhulu waseBush wagcina encenge i-Iran ukuthi ikhulule labo abathunjiwe, ngokwenza izethembiso ngokushesha nangokweqile, ngaphandle kokuthi "Ngiyaxolisa." Eqinisweni, ngenkathi i-US idubula indiza yabagibeli base-Iran egcwele amadoda, abesifazane nezingane, uBush umemezele ukuthi akasoze axolisa ngalutho futhi akanandaba nokuthi amaqiniso ayini.

Yena nawo wonke omunye umongameli wase-US kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ubekhathalela kakhulu lokho u-Israyeli ayekufuna. I-Iran yanikeza i-US isivumelwano sika-oyela ngo-1995 kwathi u-Israyeli wayibulala. NgoSepthemba 11, 2001, ngenkathi abantu kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga Ephakathi bejabula, abantu base-Irani bakhala. UMongameli wase-Iran wacela ukuza endaweni yeWorld Trade Center azogxeka ubuqaba obunjalo. Ukunikezwa kwakhe kunjalo kwachithwa esandleni. I-Iran yanikela ngokusiza i-United States ngempi yayo ne-Afghanistan, futhi leso sipho samukelwa buthule, sasetshenziswa futhi sakhohlwa. UBush Junior wabe esememezela ukuthi i-Iran iyilungu le-Axis of Evil kanye nesizwe esasilwa nayo, i-Iraq, kanye nesizwe esasingenakwenza lutho, iNorth Korea. Ngo-2003, i-Iran yanikela ngokuthi kuzobhungwa nohlelo lwayo lwenuzi, ukuvumela ukuhlolwa okugcwele, ukwamukela isixazululo samazwe amabili ePalestine / kwa-Israyeli, nokuqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza “empini yobushokobezi.” I-Iran yatshelwa ukuthi iye kuDick Cheney uqobo.

Kusukela ngo-1957, i-United States yayilokhu ihlinzeka i-Iran ngobuchwepheshe benuzi. I-Iran inohlelo lwamandla enuzi ngoba ohulumeni baseMelika nabaseYurophu babefuna ukuthi i-Iran ibe nohlelo lwamandla enuzi. Imboni yenuzi yaseMelika yakhipha izikhangiso ezigcwele amakhasi ezincwadini zase-US ziqhayisa ngokuxhaswa kwe-Iran ngalo mthombo wamandla okhanyisiwe nocubungula. I-US ibifuna ukwandiswa okukhulu kohlelo lwenuzi lwase-Iran ngaphambi nje koguquko lwase-Iranian lwango-1979.

Selokhu kwaba nezinguquko e-Iran, uhulumeni wase-US ubeluphikisa uhlelo lwe-Iran lwamandla enuzi futhi wadukisa umphakathi ngokuba khona kohlelo lwezikhali zenuzi e-Iran. Le ndaba ikhulunywe kahle kuGareth Porter's Inkinga Ekhiqiziwe.

Ngenkathi i-United States isiza i-Iraq kaSaddam Hussein empini eyayilwa ne-Iran ngawo-1980, lapho i-Iraq yahlasela i-Iran ngezikhali zamakhemikhali, abaholi benkolo base-Iran bamemezela ukuthi izikhali zamakhemikhali, zebhayoloji nezenuzi akumele zisetshenziswe, ngisho nokuziphindiselela. Futhi babengekho. I-Iran ibingaphendula ekuhlaselweni ngamakhemikhali e-Iraq ngokuhlaselwa ngokwayo kwamakhemikhali futhi ikhethe ukungakwenzi lokho. I-Iran ithi izibophezele ukungasebenzisi noma ukuphatha izikhali zokubhubhisa abantu abaningi. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa iyakufakazela lokho. Ukuzimisela kwe-Iran ukubeka imikhawulo ohlelweni lwayo lwamandla asemthethweni lwenuzi - ukuzimisela okukhona ngaphambi nangemuva kwanoma yiziphi unswinyo lwaseMelika - kuyakufakazela lokho.

Lapho isitha saseSoviet sinyamalala, ezintsha sazithola ngokushesha. Ngokusho kwabo bobabili owayengumphathi weNATO uWesley Clark nowayengundunankulu wase-UK uTony Blair, iPentagon yenza uhlu lohulumeni bezizwe abaningana ababezoketulwa, ne-Iran yayikulo. Ngonyaka we-2000, i-CIA yanikeza i-Iran (amapulani amancane futhi ngokusobala anamaphutha) engxenye ebalulekile yesikhali senuzi. Ngo-2006 uJames Risen wabhala ngalokhu "kusebenza" encwadini yakhe State of War. Ku-2015, i-United States ishushiswa owayengummeli we-CIA, uJeffrey Sterling, ngoba kuthiwa ugibele indaba ethi Kuvuke. Ngesikhathi sokushushiswa, i-CIA kwenziwa umphakathi ikhebula elenziwe kabusha ngokwengxenye elikhombise ukuthi ngemuva nje kokunikeza isipho salo e-Iran, i-CIA isiqalile imizamo yokwenza okufanayo nase-Iraq. Ku-2019, uSterling ushicilela incwadi yakhe, Spy engafuneki: Ukushushiswa komuntu omhlophe waseMelika.

Ngingenza umqondo owodwa ngesinye sezizathu zokuthi i-CIA ihlinzeka kanjani iziqephu zamabhomu enuzi (futhi uma kwenzeka i-Iran ihlela ukuletha izingxenye zangempela kanye). Bobabili abavukile kanye nabasemthethweni bathi inhloso yokunciphisa uhlelo lwezikhali zenuzi. Kodwa manje siyazi ukuthi i-CIA ayinalo ulwazi oluqinile lokuthi i-Iran inezinhlelo zezikhali zenuzi, noma ngabe inokuthi ihamba phambili kangakanani. Siyazi ukuthi i-CIA ihileleke kuyo ukukhuthaza inkolelo yamanga ethi i-Iran iyisongo esenyukliya kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-1990s. Kodwa ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi i-CIA ikholelwa ukuthi i-Iran ibe nesimiso sezikhali zenuzi ku-2000 (lapho i-2007 US Ukuhlakanipha Kwezwe Kazwelonke efuna ukufaka isicelo ngemuva kwesikhathi isiphelile ku-2003), asizange sinikezwe noma iyiphi incazelo mayelana nendlela yokunikeza amaphutha angalungile ukuphuza uhlelo olunjalo phansi. Uma lo mqondo kufanele ube ukuthi i-Iran noma i-Iraq izobe ichitha isikhathi sakha into engalungile, sibhekana nezinkinga ezimbili. Okokuqala, bangase bachithe isikhathi esiningi uma besebenza ngaphandle kwezinhlelo, uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza ngamaphutha. Okwesibili, amaphutha amapulani anikwe i-Iran ayecacile futhi avele.

Ngesikhathi i-former-Russian eyabelwe ukuletha izinyathelo kuhulumeni wase-Iranian ngokushesha yabona amaphutha kubo, i-CIA yamtshela ukuba angakhathazeki. Kodwa abazange bamtshele ukuthi izinhlelo ezingalungile zizohlehlisa kancane kancane uhlelo lwezikhali zenuzi. Esikhundleni salokho bamtshela ukuthi izinhlelo ezingalungile zizoveza ukuthi yi-CIA ukuthi kude kangakanani uhlelo luka-Iran. Kodwa ukuthi lokho kwakungenzeka kanjani akukaze kuchazwe noma. Futhi iphikisana nenye into abamtshele yona, ukuthi ukuthi kakade bazi ukuthi kude kangakanani ne-Iran futhi nokuthi i-Iran kakade inolwazi lwezinto zenuzi olunikezwayo. Iphuzu lami akulona ukuthi lezi ziqinisekiso zaziyiqiniso kodwa ukuthi ukulinganisa kancane-phansi-kwehla akuzange kwenziwe umzamo.

Omunye akasoze afune ukwehlisa ukungabi nalutho. I-CIA yayingazi lutho nge-Iran, futhi nge-akhawunti ka-Sterling ayengazama ngokujulile ukufunda. I-akhawunti kaRuperen, i-2004 i-CIA ivele yembula ngokungazelelwe uhulumeni wase-Iranian ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu zayo zonke izithunywa zayo e-Iran. Kodwa ukungakwazi ukubonakala akubonakali ukuchaza umzamo ocatshangelwe ukucabangela ukusabalalisa ama-nuke amaphuzu ezitha. Yini ebonakala ukuthi iyichaza kangcono isifiso sokukhomba ukuthi lawo macebo ayenjani, noma umkhiqizo walawo macebo, njengobufakazi besisongo esinonya "sezikhali zokubhujiswa okukhulu," njengoba, njengoba sonke siyazi, Isizathu esamukelekayo sempi.

Ukuthi asinelungelo lokuthola, ngisho neminyaka engu-20 kamuva, ukuthi ukunikeza ama-nuke amapulani e-Iran kwakungenakuthola noma ukuhlukumezeka, noma ukucela uBill Clinton noma uGeorge W. Bush ukuthi kungani bavuma, kuyinkinga ehamba ngaphezu kokungasebenzi endaweni yokulawulwa kwezinyathelo eziphikisana nentando yeningi ngama-ejensi eyimfihlo.

Asinayo indlela engenzeka yokwazi uhlu oluphelele lwamazwe uhulumeni wase-US anikeze izinhlelo zezikhali zenuzi. UTrump uzame enikeza izikhali zenuzi izimfihlo eya eSaudi Arabia yephula isivumelwano seNonproliferation Treaty, isifungo sayo sokuba sesikhundleni, nokuba nengqondo. Ukufakwa kwesiliva ukuthi izimpimpi ngokunikeza ama-Saukis ama-nuk kubonakala sengathi zilalelwe ngamalungu athile eCongress asephumele obala ngolwazi. Noma ngabe umehluko ngabantu, amakomidi, izinhlangothi zeCapitol Hill, iqembu ngobuningi, iqembu eliseWhite House, ukubandakanyeka kwe-CIA, isiko jikelele, noma isizwe esinikezwa okhiye be-apocalypse, iqiniso ukuthi ngenkathi uJeffrey Sterling eya eCongress eyodalula ukunikezwa kwezindela e-Iran, amaLungu eCongress amshaya indiva, aphakamisa ukuthi adlulele eCanada, noma - ngesikhathi esibi - ashone ngaphambi kokwenza noma yini.

Ukuziba i-Iran kwakuyisiko elide le-DRM ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwesiko lokuthi i-Iran iyingozi emhlabeni. Manje ukuqamba amanga nge-Iran kuyimboni enkulu. Izwe laseMelika manje selibeka unswinyo olubulalayo esizweni sonke sase-Iran, ngokwephula iMihlangano yeGeneva. I-Iran yenze isivumelwano sokuhlolwa okuphelele kunanoma isiphi esinye isizwe emhlabeni ukuthola ukukhululeka kwezijeziso. Izwe laseMelika lasephula futhi lasidabula isivumelwano, manje selithi i-Iran kungcono iguqule izindlela zayo uma ifuna isivumelwano sibuye.

Abekho noyedwa, kepha amakhosi amabili ase-Iranian shah abanenzalo yabo e-United States abalindele ukujika kwabo.

Omunye uhlanganisa iNkosana uCrown uReza Pahlavi, indodana yombusi wobushiqela wokugcina i-United States eyaphoqa i-Iran kusukela ngo-1953 kuya ku-1979. UPahlavi uhlala ePotomac, eMaryland, (ngaphesheya komfula ukusuka eLangley) abameli obala ukuketulwa kukahulumeni wase-Iran (ngoba u-1953 usebenze kahle kakhulu?) noma, njenge Washington Post ikubeka, “iphethe inhlangano yabameli ekhuluma ngokungagunci ngesidingo sentando yeningi ezweni lakubo.”

Kodwa-ke abantu base-Irani - njengabangcwele noma owakwakho ohlukunyezwayo, unquma - baphikelela ukumemezela ukuvuleka kwabo ekuxoxisaneni nohulumeni wase-US. Ngokwami, ngiyaxolisa futhi ngiphakamisa ukukhokhelwa. Okungenani, qeda unswinyo!

Okuningi engikuchaze ngenhla kungatholakala ku- IMelika ne-Iran nguJohn Ghazvinian. Ngincoma nokubuka i-movie ebizwa Umbhangqwana 53.

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