Ngo-Pat Elder, ngoMashi 7, 2019
Ngagijima ezweni lonke ngendodakazi yami uHolly ngesonto eledlule ukuze nginakekele ukuziphatha okungenakuqhathaniswa kwezempi ngoba kuqhubeka nokuthukuthelisa amanzi emiphakathini ezweni lonke.
Sikhokhisa uhambo lwethu, "I-Million Parts nge-Trillion Tour"Ngoba siyeka ezindaweni eziyisishiyagalombili ezingcolile kakhulu, zonke ezingaphansi kwesigidi izingxenye ezintathu zama-trillion (ppt) we-Per and Poly Fluoroalkyl Substances ezibulalayo (PFAS) emanzini angaphansi komhlaba.
Sisebenze ne-Women's International League yokuthula ne-Freedom-US kanye nokuzivelela kwezempi eN Camp Lejeune, NC.
I-PFAS itholakale e-foam-forming foam (AFFF) ukuthi amasosha asetshenziselwa ukucima umlilo omkhulu ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa okuvamile. Ama-carcinogens avunyelwe ukuba angene emanzini angaphansi komhlaba namanzi okuhambisa amanzi. I-PFAS itholakale futhi Teflon imikhiqizo nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo. Iyaziwa ngokuthi "i-chemical chemicals" ngoba ayisoze yonakalisa emvelweni. Kuyinto ubuthi ukuthi ubuthi phakade.
I-England Air Force Base yangaphambili e-Alexandria, eLouisana yayiyindawo engcolile kakhulu esiyivakashele, nezingxenye ze-10,970,000 eziyizigidi ezintathu zama-PFAS emanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Sibone imiphakathi eyayimpofu ekhonjwe ngamanzi ahle eduze kwalesi sisekelo. Umshini ucacile, futhi abantu abazi ukuthi babuthiwe. Ayikho umphefumulo owodwa esiwakhulume nawo ngesikhathi sivakashele le nkinga. I-2 nje ye-200 (ejwayelekile, ngenzuzo) ama-ejensi wezindaba esiwaxhumane nawo ayifinyelele kithi, nakuba ayengakaze adlale indaba.
Izindlela ezincane kakhulu ze-PFAS zithinta kakhulu impilo yokuzala yabesifazane futhi kubangele izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zegciwane. Ngaphezu kwesithathu yabo bonke abantu baseMelika bangaba namanzi okuphuza angcoliswe yi-PFAS. Usosayensi wezempilo waseHarvard uthi ukuvezwa kwe-1 ppt ye-PFAS kuyingozi empilweni yabantu.
Kulo lonke leli zwe, amasosha atholakala ukuthi akhululekile ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-foam nokudla emiphakathini yaseMelika. Bathi amakhemikhali awalawulwa yi-EPA noma uMnyango Wezolimo ngakho-ke kulungile ukuwasebenzisa. Ngokuvamile, i-DOD yenqaba ukukhokha ukuhlanza ukungcola noma ukuhlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokuphuza ezinye, ngaphandle kwezimo ezimbalwa lapho zihlinzekele ngamanzi amabhodlela emiphefumulweni enhle.
Kulo lonke leli zwe amasosha athi amazwe angenalo "igunya" lokuphoqelela ukuhambisana nemithetho yezemvelo yendawo. Izimangalo ze-DOD "Umkhuhlane wezandla"Kusuka emithethweni yezemvelo yezemvelo.
Inkokhelo yezemali engase ibe yimpumelelo yezempi isayensi yezinkanyezi, futhi lokhu kuchaza kancane kancane ukwenqaba kukaEPA ukugxila izinga eliphansi lokucolisa (MCL) lezizinto. Ukwenza kanjalo bekuyokhipha umkhuhlane wamacala okulwa nezempi lapha nasemhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi eJalimane lapho le nkinga ithola i-traction.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uhambo lwethu luye lwaholela ekugxileni kulokho thina ungapheli wazi.
I-DOD uye wahlola izinkulungwane zemithombo yamanye, kodwa emiphakathini eminingi abayishicileli imiphumela. Asazi ukuthi imithombo eyayivivinywa yayikude kangakanani kusukela ekuqothulweni komthetho we-PFAS ngesisekelo. Asazi ukuthi ama-plumes abulalayo ahambe kangakanani kusuka ezizindeni. Asazi ukuthi imithombo yangasese yayijulile kangakanani. Asazi ukuthi imithombo yamasosha yayijulile kangakanani. Asazi kanjani okuqondile izilinganiso zabo zazinjalo. Ochwepheshe basitshela isosha lenza izivivinyo ezenzelwe ukunciphisa amancane, kodwa okwamanje zingase zilimale izidakamizwa.
Sibhekene nesimo esibucayi lapho izinhlaka zikahulumeni nezombusazwe zimi khona ngenkathi amasosha, aqhubeka esebenzisa lezo zithimikhali, yi-ejensi ehola ekuqinisekiseni izinga lokungcola nokuvikela impilo yabantu.
Iminyaka yokucabanga ngamanzi iphephile ukuphuza eMelika iphelile. Ungaphuzi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba futhi ungaphuzi amanzi omasipala kuze kube yilapho unelisekile ukuthi ungangcoliswa ne-PFAS.
Usuku Lomhlaba Wamanzi luyi-March 22nd!
Sicela ubone isifinyezo esilandelayo sesisekelo ngasinye esiyivakashele, kufaka phakathi izixhumanisi ukuze kufushane amavidiyo kusayithi ngayinye.
Misa # I-1 China I-Lake Naval Air Isapons Station
Izingxenye ze-8,000,000 nge-trillion (ppt.) Ze-PFAS ezitholakala emanzini angaphansi komhlaba.
Ukungcoliswa kwe-PFAS kutholakale emanzini angaphansi komhlaba esizeni seNavy China Lake emazingeni izikhathi 727,273 lokho okubhekwa njengendlela yokuchayeka ephephile.
Izikhulu eChina Lake ukwehlisa ubukhulu benkinga. Bathi, "ubuchwepheshe bokulungisa umhlabathi kufaka phakathi ukuzihlukanisa, ukubetha, noma ukumba kukhonjiswe ukuthi kuyaphumelela. ” Ukube bekulula kangaka. Bona i- iziphetho kusukela umbiko ovela kumbuso we-Michigan PFAS we-Advisory Panel. Bahlangene nakho okuningi nge PFAS eMichigan.
Izikhulu zaseChina Lake nazo ziphikisana ngokuthi i-Navy ixoshe iPOSOS kanye ne-PFOA futhi manje isebenzisa "ama-compounds afanayo kodwa alulaza kalula, njengoba engagcini ngokugcwele." Ungakhohliswa! I-foam entsha nayo i-carcinogenic. Yonke i-PFAS eye yafundiswa ibangela izinkinga. Inani elikhulu lesampula le-PFAS litholakele eSayithi 43, okuyindawo eyayihlala iyindawo yokuqeqesha abacimi umlilo.
Misa # 2 - Cannon AFB, New Mexico 2,600,000 ppt.
Umnyango we-New Mexico Environment uthi Cannon I-Air Force Base iphula umthetho we-State Quality Water Act. I-ejensi yombuso ikhishwe isaziso sokuhlukunyezwa, okudinga ukuthi uMbutho Wezempi udale uhlelo lokuvikela ama-dairies wendawo ekungcoleni futhi ubuyekeze ukuthi kungenzeka ukufaka izinhlelo zokuphatha amanzi angcolile.
I-Air Force yayivumile ukuqala ukuhlanza ukungcola kwe-PFAS eCannon futhi yangena ezingxoxweni nohulumeni mayelana nemithi ethile, kodwa ngokuzumayo ishintshe inkambo ngoJanuwari 2019, ukuxoshwa eNew Mexico enkantolo yenkantolo.
Isinqumo esibhekene neNew Mexico sizosusa igunya likahulumeni ukuphoqa uMbutho Wezempi ukuhlanza i-PFAS ngaphansi kwemvume kahulumeni. Leli cala lihlehlisiwe kubaphathi baseNew Mexico. Abalimi bezimayini bakhathazekile ngempilo yezinkomo zabo kanye nobuthi obushukela eduze neCannon. Yonke iMelika kufanele ilalele lokhu.
Ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari uMbiko Wezepolitiki WaseNew Mexico waphula indaba elandelwayo eHolloman AFB eyayiphezulu njenge-1,294,000 ppt. Njengezinye izisekelo, uHolloman washiywa DOD Mashi, umbiko we-2018 ku-PFAS
Ukungcola kweCannon neHolloman kuye kwavela emaphoyiseni lapho abagibeli bezindiza bezindiza beqeqesha khona ukucima umlilo wendiza.
Misa # 3 - Owayekade eyiDallas Naval Air Station, eTexas 1,247,000 ppt.
Lapho iNavy ivala isisekelo ku-1998 yazama ukuhamba ngaphandle kokukhokha amakhulu ezinkulungwane ukuhlanza inhlabathi nomhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba ongcweliswe kakhulu ne-PFAS nezinye izinhlayiya. Idolobha laseDallas lalingela futhi i-Navy yavuma ukukhokha idolobha i-$ 18.55 million ngokungayinaki imithetho yemvelo. Kodwa lokho kwakungaleso sikhathi.
Ku-2002, i-Navy yavuma ukuhlanza ukungcoliswa yi-2017 kepha ayihlulekile ukwenza kanjalo. Ngokuvumelana ne izinhlamvu phakathi kweNavy kanye nedolobha e-2017, i-Navy ithi ingathatha i-15 Okuningi iminyaka yokwenza umsebenzi wenziwe. AbakwaNavy bachaza ukuthi bese bevele besebenzise u- $ 105 million ezindlekweni zokuhlanza, futhi basola ukwenqaba kwabo ukwenza ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano "sezinhloso zokulungisa izifiso" abavumelana ngazo ngonyaka we-2002.
Umuzi uthi i-Navy ayizange ifake uhlelo lokuqeda ukuhlanzwa. Isisekelo esidala sisogwini lweMountain Creek Lake, okuyindawo yamanzi engcoliswe kakhulu. Namuhla, uMnyango Wezokupaka Nezilwane waseTexas uxwayisa umphakathi ukuthi ungazidli izinhlanzi ezinobuthi ezibanjwe echibini yize abantu bakhona bethi benza noma yikanjani.
Misa # 4 - OwaseNgilandi Wezempi Yasemoyeni, eLouisiana 10,970,000 ppt.
Indawo yangaphambili yase-England Air Force eduze ne-Alexandria, eLouisana yindawo engcolile kunawo wonke kulo lonke izwe lethu, futhi mhlawumbe, noma kuphi emhlabeni, ne-PFAS ebulalayo etholakala emanzini angaphansi komhlaba e-10,970,000 ppt. Lesi sakhiwo sasivaliwe njengesisekelo se-Air Force ngoDisemba 1992, kodwa izinhlayiya zisesekhona. Abazange bahlukane nemvelo.
UFilie Grandjean weHarvard TH Chan School of Health Public, noRichard Clapp waseYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts eLowwell, babalwa ukuthi isilinganiso esiphezulu sokulingana I-PFOS ne-PFOA emanzini okuphuza yi-1 ppt. Lezi zinhlambi zikhona nathi kuze kube phakade futhi iningi lethu selivele linamakhemikhali amakhemikhali egazini lethu.
I-Agency ye-Toxic Substances and Registry Registry (ATSDR) ibeke imihlahlandlela yamanzi okuphuza ka-7 ppt no-11 ppt ye-PFOS ne-PFOA, ngokulandelana. Okwamanje, i-EPA weluleka ukuthi amanzi okuphuza awadluli i-70 ppt. I-EPA inqabe ukubeka izinga elimisiwe lokuPhepha, (MCL).
Kubekho lutho emaphephandabeni mayelana neNgilandi AFB mayelana ne Umbiko we-DOD Ngo-Mashi, i-2018 ichaza izinga elimangalisayo lokungcoliswa phansi.
Misa # 5 - IPatrick Air Force Base, eFlorida 4,300,000 ppt
Awukwazi ukuwubona futhi awukwazi ukuwunuka, kepha amachibi kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba angcolile eCocoa Beach, eFlorida, ngasePatrick Air Force Base.
Amakhemikhali adala umdlavuza axhumene namagwebu okulwa nomlilo asetshenziswa ePatrick Air Force Base asabalele ohlelweni lwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba nasendle yaseCocoa Beach. Itafula lamanzi lesiqhingi esiqhingi lingcoliswe kakhulu. Imithombo yokuqapha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eseduze nendawo yokuhlanza indle yedolobha nenkundla yegalufu ingcolile.
Ngaphezu kwamacala omdlavuza we-400 kusukela esikhathini esidlule naleso sikhathi kuye kwabikwa kubantu abahlala e-Satellite Beach enkulu, eCocoa Beach, naseNingizimu South Shores endaweni, ngokusho kweFlorida Today. Ezinye zezimangalo ezibikiwe zingavamile ngokweqile ngokuxilongwa okuningi kwalokhu ezindaweni ezithile.
Ukungcola kwePFAS kusakazeka kuyo yonke iBrevard County, izivivinyo zibonisa. Amakhemikhali abulalayo asabalele nase-Indian River Lagoon. Ososayensi bathole izinhlanganisela kuma-alligator eKennedy Space Center.
I-Air Force wenqaba ukuphawula ekungcoleni. Kungenzeka ukuthi i-DOD izokhokha uketshezi olunobuthi noma inakekele labo abagulayo, becabange ukwenqaba kwayo ukwenza eminye imiphakathi ezweni lonke.
Misa # 6 - Jacksonville Naval Air Station, eFlorida 1,397,000 ppt.
Ngokusho kweFirst Coast ABC News ngo-Agasti 17, 2018, uMbutho Wezempi wawulungiselela ukuhlola imithombo yangasese engama-24 yangasese yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. U-Adrienne Wilson weNaval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) utshele i-ABC News ukuthi le nhlangano isisesigabeni sokuthola iqiniso. “Ngeke ngithi 'ukhathazekile.' Asazi. " Akuzange kukhulunywa nge-PFAS emaphephandabeni endawo kusukela lapho. I-Navy iyazi ngomthelela omubi we-PFAS kubantu nakwimvelo kusukela ngo-1974.
I-Navy ithi ayikhathazeki, futhi ayikho isizathu sokukhathazeka. Abanaso isibopho. Bakhululekile ukusilimaza.
Ngo-Agasti ka-2018, i-Naval Air Station Jacksonville yahambisa a Ukuphuza Amaphepha Ezingqinamba Zokuphenya Amanzi okwakumemezela umphakathi ukuthi, "I-Navy icela imvume yokusesha amanzi okuphuza atholakala emithonjeni yangasese ngaphakathi endaweni ekhethiwe eduze kwaseJacksonville Naval Air Station." I-Navy kuphela ihlolwe ezindaweni eziseNingizimu Longbow Rd. kanye nePirate's Cove Rd. ku-Rt 17 enyakatho kwesisekelo.
Amapulangwe emfucumfucu we-PFAS angaphansi komhlaba ayaziwa ngokuhamba phambili.
Asazi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Navy eJackville. Ngokuvamile asiyazi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezempi ezweni lonke. Le nkinga ivame ukunyamalala ekubukeni komphakathi emva kwemibiko yokuqala yokunyathelisa.
Misa # 7 - I-Myrtle Beach Owayekade eyi-AFB 2,640,000 ppt.
Ku-2010 i-Air Force yaqeda ukudluliselwa kwe-Myrtle Beach Air Force Base ku-Myrtle Beach Air Force Base Redevelopment Authority. I-base yavalwa ngo-1993 ngenkathi ingcweliswe kakhulu ne-PFAS ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kobuciko befilimu e-aqueous (AFFF) eyayivunyelwe ukuba ifike emanzini angaphansi komhlaba futhi isaqhubeka nanamuhla. Isisekelo esidala manje isayithi yendawo yokugcina umoya yokuthengisa, phezu kwezindlu ze-1,200, nangaphezulu kwezingu-square ezingu-300,000 zendawo yokuhweba.
Ngesikhathi sokudluliswa komhlaba kokugcina ku-2010, i-Air Force yayisebenzise imali eyizigidi ezingu-60.1 ukuhlanza izingosi ezingcolile ze-192, Izindawo ze-16 ezinobungozi ihlale ivulekile.
Ngokusho the Uhlelo Lokubuyiselwa Kwezemvelo Lokuvikela Ukuhlanzwa kokugcina komkhakha wokuqeqesha umlilo kulindeleke ngo-Septhemba, i-2021, nakuba ukuhlushwa kwezinkanyezi kwalezi zingcolisi ezingalokothi ziphumele emvelweni kungadinga ukuthi izizukulwane zilungiswe, uma kungenzeka.
Indawo Yokuqeqesha Umlilo #4, eseduze nemitha engamakhilomitha amahlanu ngemuva kweMidway Park ephuma eSouth Kings Highway, isetshenziselwa ukuqeqeshwa komlilo njalo kusuka ku-1970-1981.Inqubo esetshenziselwa ukuqeqeshwa komlilo kwakuwukwakha udoti olusuka ku-12 kuya ku-18 amasentimitha phezulu ukuze uqukethe umlilo futhi uthele amamitha angamakhulu angamakhulu amafutha egejethi engcolile emhlabathini ngaphakathi kokudoba nokusetha umlilo. Izikhumba ze-carcinogenic zase zisetshenziselwa ukucisha umlilo ku-routine drills. Amakhemikhali abulalayo agcwalisa inhlabathi futhi avunyelwe ukuba angene emhlabathini.
Misa # 8 - Langley AFB, VA 2,200,000 ppt
Ekupheleni kwe-2016, Langley uchithe $ 785,000 ephenya Ukungcola kwe-PFAS, kepha akukho lutho ezenzweni zokunciphisa. Akukabikho mibiko kwabezindaba mayelana nengxenye yesigidi se2.2 isigidigidi ngasinye sePFAS esitholakala kumanzi angaphansi komhlaba kaLangley. Akuyona nje inkinga.
UPat Elder wagijimela i-US Congress ngonyaka we-2018 eMaryland's 5th District futhi uyilungu le- World BEYOND War IKomiti Yokuxhumanisa.
