Impi eGaza kanye neCrisis of Zionism

By URichard Rubenstein, I-Counterpunch, Disemba 13, 2023

Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule, uPhilip Roth wabhala inoveli ejulile, ehlekisayo, ephazamisayo ngo-Israyeli, iPalestine, kanye ne-antisemitism ebizwa ngokuthi. Operation Shylock. Kule ndaba umlobi ongumJuda waseMelika ogama lakhe linguPhilip Roth uthola ukuthi omunye umbhali naye ozibiza ngoPhilip Roth unikeza abantu bakwa-Israel ithuba lokushumayela “Diasporism” - imfundiso ethi amaJuda akwa-Israyeli abuyele emazweni amaningi aseYurophu lapho asuka khona abazali bafika ekuqaleni. I-Roth #2 ibheka iYurophu neMelika njengezindawo zangempela zamaJuda: izindawo lapho isiko lamaJuda elinobuntu, elidala lachuma khona, futhi manje ezidingeka njengezindawo ezingcwele ngenxa yokwehluleka kuka-Israyeli ukwenza ukuthula namaPalestine kanye nobutha bezwe lamaSulumane ku-Israyeli. . Umbono oyimbuka onikezwe izwi yi-Roth doppelganger futhi waxoxa nge-pro kanye ne-con ngumthala wabanye abalingiswa kule noveli ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-Zionist - umzamo wokusungula i-Jewish State enobulungiswa futhi evikelekile - yehlulekile.

Operation Shylock, engabela abafundi abathweswe iziqu esifundweni esibizwa ngokuthi “Ukungqubuzana Nezincwadi,” ngokusobala kwakungaphezu kwehlaya - kodwa ngisho noRoth wayengakulindele ukuba kube okungokwesiprofetho. Umuntu uyazibuza ukuthi uzothini umbhali wezincwadi, owashona eminyakeni emihlanu edlule ngempi ekhona eGaza, eyaqala ngokuhlasela kwamasosha eHamas abulala, adlwengula, alimaza amaJuda angaba ngu-900 namasosha angama-350 futhi athumba abantu abangaphezu kuka-240. , okubangela uchungechunge lokuziphindiselela kwamabhomu nokuhlasela komhlabathi amasosha akwa-Israel osekubulale abantu basePalestine abangaphezu kuka-16,000, iningi labo okungabahlali, futhi okungenani abayizi-5,000 kubo okungabantwana. Leyompi iqhubeka ngesivinini esibi kakhulu, isongela ukubulala nokulimaza amashumi ezinkulungwane ezengeziwe, futhi ilinga ezinye izizwe ukuba zingenele ukuze zinqande lokhu kubulala.

UPhilip Roth wayezokuqonda ngokuqinisekile ukwesaba phakathi kwamaJuda akwa-Israyeli okubangelwa ukuhlasela okubi kwe-Hamas kanye nesifiso sabo sokuqeda usongo lokuhlasela okuphindaphindiwe ngokwenza umkhankaso wokubhubhisa ngokulunga. Kule noveli, uRoth #1 uthamela icala lika-John Demjanjuk, um-Ukraine-waseMelika osolwa ngokuba ngunogada wekamu lokuhlushwa ononya, futhi ukhombisa ukuthi ukuhlukumezeka kokuQothulwa Kwesizwe kusesenakho ekuqapheleni kwama-Israel. Kodwa kukhona njalo okungenani "ama-Roth" amabili - izingxoxo ezimbili kumlobi nakulowo nalowo wethu - ukwenza izinto zibe nzima ngokubuza imibuzo enzima. Imibuzo efana nalena:

+ Yini, ngaphandle kobubi obuthile, eyenza iHamas ukuba “iqubuke” eGaza ngo-October 7? Ingabe udlame lwesakhiwo sokuhlala, okungukuthi, ukuboshwa okusebenzayo kwabantu basePalestine abayizigidi ezingu-2.5 iminyaka engu-17 endaweni empofu yendawo yasemadolobheni, kuyasiza ukuchaza (ngisho noma kungabuthetheleli) udlame lokuziphindiselela lwababalekile?

+ Uma sicabanga ukuthi ama-Hamas fighters ayacasha phakathi kwezakhamuzi, bangaki abantu basePalestina abangenacala okufanele bafe noma bagoge impilo yabo yonke ukuze u-Israyeli abhubhise leyo nhlangano? Ingabe isilinganiso sabantu abangaphezu kuka-5:1 kwabalimele bezempi (uma singekho ngaphezulu) asikho ngokweqisa ngokusobala? Futhi ingabe ukufaniswa neMpi Yezwe II edwetshwa yilabo abalinganisa ukuhlasela kweHamas nokuhlasela kwamaNazi ePoland, ukuhlasela kwamaJapane ePearl Harbor, noma ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe ngokwako akunehaba?

+ Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zingozi ezingahlangani nezibalo zezibalo eziyihaba azisikiseli yini ukuthi izisusa zangempela zokuqhubeka kokubulawa kwabantu basePalestine ziyinhlanganisela yokwesaba nokuziphindiselela, okusekelwa umuzwa wezizwe wokuthi oyedwa “wethu” ubiza ishumi, ikhulu, noma inkulungwane “yabo”?

+ Futhi ekugcineni, ingabe enye indlela yokufuna ukubhujiswa ngokuphelele kwesitha somuntu akuwona yini umzamo obumbene wokuthola izakhi phakathi kwazo abangaxoxisana nazo futhi benze ukuthula nazo? Ama-Israyeli awafisi ukuxoxisana "namaphekula" noma amaPalestine "nezigebengu zempi," kodwa ekugcineni, ngaphandle kokuthi ukubulawa kufinyelele emazingeni okuqothulwa kohlanga, kufanele bobabili benze kanjalo.

Imibuzo enjalo iholela ekugcineni ekungabazeni okukhona okuvezwe nguRoth #2 - umbuzo wokuba semthethweni koMbuso wamaJuda. Impi yaseGaza kusobala ukuthi iyinhlekelele kwabakwa-Israel abalahlekelwe imindeni nabangani ngenxa yonya lweHamas, nakubantu basePalestine abafa izihlobo nabangani. en masse ezimpini eziqine kakhulu zokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu nezimpi zaphansi zekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye. Ngezindlela ezibalulekile, nokho, umzabalazo ucekela phansi kakhulu u-Israyeli kunasePalestine. Ngenkathi izigidi zibuthana ukweseka abantu baseGaza, uMbuso WamaJuda uphezu kwemizamo yokulahlekelwa ukusho kwawo ukuthi uwumbuso ohlanganisa izindinganiso zamaJuda, hhayi nje “umbuso ophakathi nendawo. ezombusazwe inhlangano ebeka futhi ephoqelela imithetho phezu a inani labantu ngaphakathi a insimu"(Wikipedia) noma “isitho sokucindezelwa kwesigaba esithile ngesinye” (Karl Marx). E-Gaza, i-Israel yenza ncamashi njengawo wonke amanye amaqoqo e-ethno-nationalists anezibhamu. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ilahlekelwa kokubili uzwelo lwamazwe ngamazwe olwasiza ekuyidaleni kanye nokusekelwa amaJuda amaningi nabanye abangaphandle kuka-Israyeli okwasiza ekuyisekeleni.

Umbuso njengendawo yokuphepha uma uqhathaniswa nombuso njengomxhasi kanye nesithombe samanani omphakathi: kwakuhlale kukhona lokhu kubili enhliziyweni yeZionism. Izishoshovu ezifana nalezo ezasungula iqembu likaNetanyahu iLikud zazikholelwa ukuthi amaJuda kufanele abe nombuso, noma isiphi isimo: indawo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izici, lapho ayeyoba nelungelo lokuhlala khona, kanye nebutho elalizowavikela ezitheni. Ngabe umbuso kufanele ube ngentando yeningi? I-Pluralistic? Othanda ukuthula? Mhlawumbe, mhlawumbe akunjalo. Ama-Nationalists afana no-Ze'ev Jabotinsky ayezinikele ngokuphelele ekuzuzeni ukuphepha kanye nelungelo labantu abangamaJuda lokuhlala endaweni efana naleyo elawulwa ezinye imiphakathi ethile yobuhlanga noma yezenkolo. (Lokhu kucabanga, okusekelwe kulungelo okucatshangwa ukuthi lokuzibusa ngobuzwe, kwaholela ekulinganisweni okungamanga kwe-anti-Zionism ne-antisemitism.)

Nokho, kwamanye amaZionists, ukuvikeleka okuhlangene kwakuxhunyaniswe futhi kwezinye izimo kungase kusetshenziswe ezinye izimiso, njengokubaluleka kobumbano lwabasebenzi, ipolitiki yentando yeningi, kanye nobuningi bamasiko. Imikhuba nemibono engokwenkolo yobuJuda bobu-Orthodox yakhothamela kwa-Israyeli, kodwa amaqembu enkolo awazange avunyelwe ukuba angene phakathi kwaze kwaba ngemva “kweMpi Yezinsuku Eziyisithupha” ka-1967. Noma kunjalo, lapho ukusunduza kuqala ukusunduza, ezokuphepha zathambekela ekunciphiseni ezinye izindinganiso, okwaholela ekutheni ngaphambi kokuba uNetanyahu kanye nenkampani ithathe izintambo, uMbuso wamaJuda wawusuphenduke umbuso ojwayelekile, ohlomile, wandisa ithonya lawo noma nini. kungenzeka, futhi ngokuhlelekile banikeze amalungelo onxiwankulu phezu kwabasebenzi, abangaphakathi kwezombusazwe phezu koquqaba, amaJuda aseYurophu phezu kwawo Mizrahim, namaJuda phezu kwabasePalestine nabanye abangewona amaJuda.

“Awuqondi?” omunye wabangane bami ongumJuda wakwa-Israel washo ngokucasuka okukhulu lapho ngibuza lokhu kukhathazeka ngokuphepha futhi ngiphawula ubugebengu obubhekiswe esintwini obubonakala bubonakala eGaza. “Ukusinda kwamaJuda okusengozini. Asizange sisinde ekuQothulweni Kwesizwe ukuze sibulawe amaphekula eHamas.”

Ngaqala ukuphendula ngokuthi i-Israel iyizwe elihlomile ngezikhali zenuzi, ukuthi amaJuda manje angelinye lamaqembu anamandla kakhulu emhlabeni, nokuthi i-Hamas ingaphezu kwenhlangano yamaphekula, kodwa amanye amalungu ayo ayahlanya. Kodwa engakukhumbula ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyizwi elikhunjulwayo lendoda ebizwa ngokuthi u-Israel Shahak - usokhemisi wase-Israel kanye nesishoshovu sezombusazwe esavakashela eWashington DC eminyakeni yamashumi ayisithupha. Kanye nesazi sezenkolo uMartin Buber, uJudah Magnes wase-Hebrew University, kanye nabanye abambalwa abaqavile, u-Israel wayengumgqugquzeli wombuso wezizwe ezimbili - imiphakathi emibili enamalungelo ahlangene abelana ngamandla kupolitiki eyodwa - futhi kwakusobala ukuthi. hhayi iZiyoni. Ngasho okuthile kuye mayelana nosongo lokusinda kwamaJuda abantu abaningi ababecabanga ukuthi kwakubangelwa amazwe ase-Arab, futhi waphendula, “Richard! Ubani owakutshela ukuthi ukusinda kuyinani lamaJuda?"

Kwangethusa lokho. Ingabe ukusinda - ilungelo lokuphila - kokubili ukubaluleka kwamaJuda kanye nendawo yonke? Ingabe ukwehluleka kwamaJuda aseYurophu ukugomela nokuvikela lelo lungelo kwakungeyona imbangela yokuQothulwa Kwesizwe? Kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana, ngaqonda ukuthi u-Israyeli wayeshayela ngani. Our kwesokudla, wayethi, aliphakeme kunalo yabo. Noma yini abalandeli bakaJoshuwa okungenzeka bayenza kumaKhanani eminyakeni engu-15^th ekhulwini leminyaka BCE, amaJuda awagunyaziwe ukuthenga ukusinda kwawo ngokuqothula amanye amaqembu. Kunokuba sibe ngcono kunabanye ngokuziphatha, njengoba abaProfethi bafundisa, ukwehluleka kwethu ukwenza ngokulunga nokuzuza ubulungisa emphakathini kungashukumisela uNkulunkulu onobulungisa ukuba asijezise.

Kungenzeka ukuthi u-Israel Shahak wengeze ngokuthi, kunoma yikuphi, uMbuso wakwa-Israyeli wanamuhla awuhlangene kakhulu nokusinda kwabantu bamaJuda. Ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwamaJuda aseYurophu naseMelika, cishe ngeke abe khona - ngokuqinisekile hhayi ngesimo sawo samanje. Kuleli qophelo, ukuhlanya okusobala kwe-Roth #2 in Operation Shylock kuba nokuqonda okumangazayo, njengoba okubeka engcupheni ukuphepha kwamaJuda akwa-Israel namuhla ubudlelwano obubi ngokwesabekayo phakathi kuka-Israyeli nabantu basePalestine, obubhebhethekiswa indima evuthayo ye-United States esebenza njengomlandeli wabakhi bombuso wamaNgisi namaFulentshi ababebusa phambilini. isifunda. Ama-nukes noma izindonga noma amabhomu awela eGaza ngeke enze u-Israyeli avikeleke. Lokho kuphepha okuthenjwa kuzoncika emandleni abaholi bawo okwenza ukuthula namaPalestine ekhaya futhi bayeke ukusebenza njengamanxusa ombuso wase-US phesheya. Futhi, kuze kube yilapho lezi zidingo zaneliswa, umbuso awukwazi ukuthi uyizwe lapho amaJuda ezovikelwa khona.

Ngakho-ke ukungabikho kokuthula kudala inkinga yobuZionism. Kungani amaJuda ahlala kulokho okuthiwa ahlakazekile kufanele aqhubeke esekela uMbuso wamaJuda uma ungeyona indawo engcwele noma umfuziselo wezindinganiso zamaJuda? Uma iZionism isho nje umbuso olawulwa amaJuda, asikho isizathu sokuthi amaJuda ayisekele ngokwezimali noma ngokwezombangazwe kunokuba “abahlakazeki” baseNtaliyane benze iminikelo eRoma. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma i-Israel/i-Palestine ibizoba umbuso ongazinikeli ebukhosini bamaJuda kodwa emphakathini wezizwe ezimbili, bekuyoba nezizathu ezibambekayo kubo bobabili amaJuda, amaPalestine, nabanye ukuthi bayinikeze ukwesekwa okukhulu kokuziphatha kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ekugcineni, esibhekene nakho kwa-Israel-Palestine ukungqubuzana kwezihlobo - umzabalazo phakathi kwezelamani ezihlobene nomlando, ulimi, inkolo, amasiko, futhi, uma umuntu ebuyela emuva ngokwanele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngegazi. Izingxabano ezinjalo zinzima kakhulu ukuzixazulula; njengoba uLewis Coser akubeka esifundweni sakhe sasendulo sokungqubuzana kwezenhlalo, “lapho iqembu lisondelana, ingxabano ishube nakakhulu.”

Abantu basePalestine namaJuda akwa-Israel bafana ngezindlela ezijulile. Bazifela ngomndeni kanye nemfundo, ekhaya ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, futhi bathanda ukuphikisana nokuhwebelana. NjengoKayini no-Abela, banabazali abafanayo; imilando yabo iyahambisana, kodwa omunye ungumntwana othandwayo omunye ongathandwa. Ubudlova bukaKayini buyisono ngoba akasinaki iseluleko sikaNkulunkulu futhi ufisa ukufa komfowabo, kodwa kunesakhiwo esikhethekile esinamandla alinganayo futhi ayisisekelo njengembangela yobudlova. Okudala ukungqubuzana okunjalo akukona nje ukusondelana kwezinhlangothi ezithintekayo kodwa ingxube eqhumayo yokusondelana nokungalingani.

Kunjalo endabeni yakwa-Israyeli nePalestine, manje eseyilwa impi ebulalayo. Lokhu kungqubuzana kuyophela, ekugcineni, lapho uKayini no-Abela banamuhla beqaphela ukuthi bangamalungu omkhaya owodwa futhi bathembisa ukuthi alikho iqembu eliyokhethwa kunelinye. Futhi lapho “umzali” wabo wombuso, i-United States of America, eyeka ukusebenzisa bona kanye nomakhelwane babo ukuze balondoloze ubukhulu bayo, lokho ngephutha akubiza ngokuthi ukulondeka. Njengoba abalimele eGaza banda ngokungalawuleki, sidinga ukwenza okwengeziwe njengamanje kunokubeka imigomo abaholi abangayishalazeli. Kudingeka sililele abafileyo nabalimele, sigone abaphilayo, futhi sithandaze futhi senze ukuthula.