UDavid Swanson, ku-Ingxoxo, Septhemba 3, 2018, Inyanga.
UDavid Swanson ungumlobi, isishoshovu, umlobi wezindaba kanye nomsakazo we-radio. Ungumqondisi we WorldBeyondWar.org nomkhankaso womkhankaso RootsAction.org. Umbhali owandayo, izincwadi zakhe zifaka Impi Ngamanga, Lapho iMpi Yezwe Ephuliwe, Impi Ayisekho: Indaba Yokuqedwa, Impi Ayikaze Ibe Nje, Uhlelo Lokuphepha Lomhlaba Wonke: Enye indlela Yempi, nokwakamuva kakhulu, Ukwelapha Okungafani Nakho: Yini engalungile ngendlela esicabanga ngayo nge-United States? Yini esingayenza ngakho? Zonke ziyatholakala kwiwebhusayithi yakhe. Ubhloka DavidSwanson.org futhi I-WarIsI-ICrime.org. Uyabamba I-Radio Nation Nation futhi uyi- oqokwe kathathu uNobel Peace Prize Nominee. Ngenyanga edlule nje, e-Veterans For Peace Convention eSt.Paul, Minnesota, uthole i- I-US Peace Memorial FoundationUmklomelo Wokuthula we2018. UMichael Knox, ongusihlalo we-US Peace Memorial Foundation, uthe: “Sinesiko lempi kubantu baseMelika abaphikisana nempi ngokuvamile kuthiwa banabakhaphi, abangathandi ukuzimela, ababengamazwe aseMelika kanye nabezempi. Njengoba wazi, ukuze usebenzela ukuthula kumele ube nesibindi futhi uzinikele kakhulu. . . .
"Ngijabule kakhulu ukumemezela ukuthi umklomelo wethu we2018 Peace Prize unikezwe umhlonishwa uDavid Swanson - ngobuholi bakhe obunamandla, imibhalo, amasu nezinhlangano ezisiza ukudala isiko lokuthula."
Kuwebhusayithi yakhe, uSwanson uzichaza njengengane yomshumayeli we-United Church of Christ futhi oyisidlali eshiye imindeni ebambelela ngakwesokudla eWisconsin naseDelaware ukuba athuthele kude nasekhaya. Babesekele Amalungelo Wenhlalo nomsebenzi wezenhlalo futhi bavotela uJesse Jackson. USwanson uthi wafunda esibonelweni sabo: yiba nesibindi kodwa uphane; zama ukwenza umhlaba ube yindawo engcono; qoqa futhi uqalise njengoba kudingeka — ngokomzimba noma ngokomqondo; zama ukuthola umqondo wezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu; hlala ujabule, futhi ubeke uthando lwezingane zakho ngaphambi kwezinye izinto.
Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi kungani waba yisishoshovu sokuthula, uyavuma ukuthi ukusabela kwakhe kokuqala kwesisu uthi, “Kungani unje?” Ujabhile ngesidingo sokuchaza ngokusebenza ukuze aqede into embi kakhulu emhlabeni, ngenkathi izigidi zabantu ayisebenzi ukuyiqeda ayidingi ncazelo.
Uthi, "Benginengane yaseMelika engaphansi kwengane, ngangifana kakhulu nabangane bami nomakhelwane, futhi akekho noyedwa kubo owagcina eyisishoshovu sokuthula - yimi kuphela. Ngithathe izinto abazitshela zonke izingane ngokuzama ukwenza umhlaba ube indawo engcono ngokungathi sína. Ngithole izimiso zeCarnegie Endowment for Peace zingenakugwenywa, yize ngangingakaze ngizwe ngaleso sikhungo, isikhungo okungekho nse esenza igunya laso. Kodwa-ke, yahlelelwa ukuqeda impi, yabe ikhomba into yesibili ebi kakhulu emhlabeni futhi isebenzela ukukuqeda lokho. Ngabe enye inkambo icabanga kanjani?
“Kepha abantu abaningi abavumelana nami ngalabo bayizishoshovu zezemvelo. Futhi iningi labo alinaki ezempi nempi njengembangela eyinhloko yokubhujiswa kwemvelo. Kungani kunjalo? Angizange ngibe yisishoshovu semvelo? Ngabe inhlangano yezemvelo ikhule kanjani emandleni ayo manje anikezelwe ukuqeda konke kodwa inhlekelele embi kakhulu yemvelo? ”
ISwanson ithe ayinakho okuhlangenwe nakho okwenze indlela yakhe njengeyisishoshovu sokuthula icace. Sekukonke, ubeya kuyo yonke imibhikisho yempi ethi izehlakalo ezikhona zenza ukuthi kube yimfuneko, kepha akazange aze ayosebenzela umkhankaso kaDennis Kucinich wokuba ngumongameli lapho ayenomsebenzi wakhe wokuqala wokuthula. Sikhulume ngokuthula, impi, ukuthula, ukuhweba, ukuthula, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, impi, nokuthula. ”Lapho lo msebenzi uphela, Swanson wabamba isikhundla kwezokuxhumana ne-AFL-CIO futhi kamuva Democrats.com, lapho athola khona ukuthi iDemocratic Party kuphela “Zenze sengathi unentshisekelo” yokuqeda impi.
Njengoba esho kuqhubeke www.davidswanson.org, "E2006, okhethweni lokuphuma kwabantu bathi amaDemocrats awine amandla amakhulu kuCongress ngegunya lokuqeda impi e-Iraq. Woza ngoJanuwari, uRahm Emanuel utshele abe Washington Post babegcina impi iqhubeka ukuze isebenze 'ngokumelene' nayo futhi nge2008. Nge-2007, amaDemocrat ayesephelelwe ngumdlandla wokuthula futhi aqhubekela kulokho okwakubonakala kimi kufana ne-ajenda yokukhetha amaDemocrats amaningi ngokwawo. ”
Ngaleso sikhathi, ukugxila kukaSwanson uqobo “kwase kuqeda yonke impi nomqondo wokuqala enye.” Ukhuluma ngokungakhathali; abameli ngokungakhathali; ubhala ngokungakhathali, ngenkathi ehlala nonkosikazi wakhe nezingane eCharlottesville, VA (yebo, ukuthi Charlottesville). - Leslee Goodmanhttps://plus.google.com/
Inyanga: Abantu baseMelika babonakala bemukela impi njengendlela yokuphila, inani elibizwa ngokuthi yintando yeningi. Uchithe ingxenye enkulu yempilo yakho exubanisa izinganekwane ezekela impi. Sicela usenzele lokhu kafushane lapha, ngicela?
Swanson: Angicabangi ukuthi kufanele senze ngokwejwayelekile mayelana “nawo wonke amaMelika.” Kunezakhamizi eziningi zaseMelika — eCanada, eMexico, eCentral naseNingizimu Melika, kanye naseMelika — ezingamukeli nhlobo impi. Kepha e-US siphila esikweni elihlaselwe kakhulu kwezempi, futhi abantu abaningi bamukele futhi bazifaka ngaphakathi izinganekwane ezisetshenziselwa ukusekela impi. Ngenxa yalokhu, umbono wokuthi singayiqeda impi futhi sisinde cishe ungacabangi kubantu abaningi kuleli. Ngakho-ke kufanele sibuyekeze umbono womphakathi ngezigaba. Uma, ngokwesibonelo, impi idalwa ngokuthile okubizwa ngokuthi “imvelo yomuntu,” khona-ke asibheke umzuzu kwelinye i-96% yabantu abakwiplanethi abamelelwa ohulumeni abatshala imali encane kakhulu kuneMelika empini. Uma singakulungele ukuqeda impi, kungenzeka sivumele ukuhamba ngendlela eya kwenye i-96% yesintu? Futhi kungenzeka yini ukuthi sizicubungule ngaphakathi kwemingcele yesimo somuntu? Umuntu kuzofanele acabange yebo. Futhi eqinisweni, ungabavotela abantu e-United States futhi, ngokuya ngokuthi ukuvota kwenziwa kanjani, thola ukuthi inqwaba eqinile belungafica ngithanda ukwenza kanjalo nje. Bangajabulela ukukhipha imali ebuthweni lezempi benze izinto ezilusizo, njengemfundo nemvelo nokunye.
Ukube i-United States ibiyi okwangempela umbuso wentando yeningi, kunokuba ube yizwe eliqhumisa abantu egameni lentando yeningi, lizoqala ukusuka kude nempi eyenzeka njalo, ukusetshenziswa kwezimpi ngokwengeziwe, izisekelo ezengeziwe, nezinsongo ezengeziwe, nasendleleni yokuthula-ngoba yilokho empeleni abantu funa. Lapho kwenziwa lokho, sabona umjaho wezingalo obuyela emuva emhlabeni wonke. Sibona iChina namanye amazwe bebuyela emuva, besuka ekutshaleleni imali enkulu kwezempi nasekubekeni imali emisebenzini ekhiqiza kakhulu, efana nemfundo, ucwaningo, ezempilo, ukubuyiselwa kwemvelo, njalo njalo. Noma kukuhle ukuthi kunomkhankaso okhulayo wokuzama ukuvimba ngisho nokuphathwa kwezikhali zenuzi, asizukuzithathela lawo mazwe aphethe izikhali zenuzi ukuthi awasuse inqobo nje uma iMelika iqhubeka nezinqubomgomo zayo ezinolaka ezimpini. .
Inyanga: Kungani usho ukuthi i-United States akuyona intando yeningi yangempela?
Swanson: Ngicwaningele leli phuzu encwadini yami, Ukwelapha Ukugqolozela. Kukhona cishe izikhombo ze-400 kuleyo ncwadi, kufaka phakathi esisodwa sokutadisha okwenziwe nguPippa Norris, usosayensi wokuqhathanisa wezepolitiki eHarvard naseSydney University kanye nomqondisi osungulayo we-Electoral Integrity Project, ocwaningo lwabo lukhombisa ukuthi ukhetho lwase-US lubi kakhulu phakathi kwabentando yeningi baseNtshonalanga futhi wabeka i-52nd , emazweni we-153 emhlabeni jikelele ku-2016 Imibono yenkomba Yobumbano Wokhetho. I-Perceptions of Electoral Integrity Study ilinganisa izinto ngokuthi kunzima kanjani ukuvota; uthembeke kangakanani ukuqoqwa kwamavoti nezindlela zokubala; imali inethonya elingakanani ekunqumeni imiphumela; njll.
Kukhona ezinye izindlela ezingenzeka zentando yeningi. Ngeshwa, i-United States ayihambelani kahle njengoba sicabanga kunoma iyiphi yazo. I-Legatum Institute yaseBrithani isebenzela e-United States i-18th jikelele “ekuchumeni” kanye ne-28th “kwinkululeko yomuntu siqu.” ICato Institute esekwe e-US ibeka i-United States i-24th “enkululekweni yomuntu siqu” kanye ne-11th “yenkululeko yezomnotho.” ICanadaan -based World Freedom Index ihlela i-United States i-27th enkombeni ehlangene yeenkululeko “zezomnotho,” “ezepolitiki,” kanye nezokukhululeka. The CIA Exhaswa Ngezimali Zepolitiki inikeza intando yeningi yase-US amaphuzu we-8 aphuma kwi-10, kepha inika amanye amazwe ama-58 amanye aphezulu. Ekugcineni, abacwaningi ePrinceton naseNorthwestern University baphetha ngokuthi i-United States ikhonjwe ngokunembe njenge-oligarchy, "lapho abacebile kakhulu banquma inqubomgomo kahulumeni," kunentando yeningi. Akungabazeki ukuthi iningi lezakhamizi lizovuma.
Kepha emuva embuzweni wakho wasekuqaleni, kuqhubeke www.worldbeyondwar.org, uzothola isigaba esichaza futhi esidingida izinganekwane ezisetshenziselwa izizathu zempi. "Ngumuntu" kungenye yazo. “Impi ingemvelo,” noma ngabe lokho kusho ukuthini, kungenye. Kodwa-ke, alikho nelilodwa icala lomuntu ohlupheka ngenxa yempi. Impi akuyona into edingwa umuntu, njengokudla, noma amanzi, noma uthando. Akusona isidingo senjabulo yomuntu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwenza abantu babambe iqhaza empini kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhulu nesimo, esivame ukulandela ukuzisola okujulile kokulandela ukuhlanganyela. Yingakho iningi lokufa kwabantu ababambe iqhaza ezimpini zakamuva zase-US — okuthiwa yimbulunga yonke yobuphekula—bezibulala. Ababambiqhaza abaqiniseki ngokwenele ngezizathu zokubamba iqhaza kulokhu kuhlatshwa okuhlanganyele, lapho-ke okufanele baqhubeke nokunciphisa nge-PTSD.
Kukhona futhi nenganekwane yokuthi impi ayinakugwenywa futhi, ngoba ayinakugwenywa, kufanele sizame ukuyinqoba. Kungumsebenzi onzima, kepha umuntu kufanele akwenze. Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka ngqo kunoma iyiphi impi ethile, akukho engagwemeki ngakho. Kuthatha imizamo ehlanganisiwe yabashisekeli bezinjongo zempi ukwakha inhloso yezombusazwe, neyenzuzo, neyezokuphatha, kanye nezizathu ezixakile zokudala impi. Yinto edinga ukwenziwa; akugcini nje ngokuwa ezulwini. Kulabo bafundi abangafuni ukuzama okuthile ngaphandle kokuthi kwenziwe ngaphambili, sicela wazi ukuthi imiphakathi yabantu babe ibikhona amakhulu eminyaka, ezikhathini zakamuva nakudala, ngaphandle kwempi. Ochwepheshe abaningi be-anthropologists manje baphikisa ngokuthi imiphakathi yabazingeli-abaqoqi yayingenalutho ongayibiza ngempi, futhi inkathi yayo ibangela iningi lokuphila komuntu. Kwakungesikhathi sokuxazululwa kwemiphakathi emile, yezolimo enomkhiqizo owedlulele kanye nentuthuko yasemadolobheni — okusho ukuthi, eminyakeni eyizi-10,000 12,000 kuya ku-200 XNUMX edlule kuphela — lapho wawunokuthile ongakubiza ngempi. Vele, lokho okwakuthiwa impi ngisho neminyaka eyi-XNUMX eyedlule kwakungekho ndawo kufana nento esiyibiza ngokuthi impi namuhla, njengoba neSichibiyelo Sesibili, njengoba kucatshangwa ngoFata Abasungulayo, sikude kakhulu nezikhali esizisebenzelayo namuhla. Impi, njengoba ikhona ngezikhali nobuchwepheshe obubandakanyekayo namuhla, yintsha ngokwedlulele. Kusukela eMpini Yesibili Yomhlaba lapho iningi labantu ababulawa yimpi bekuyizakhamizi, hhayi amasosha. Izimpi zazivame ukuba sezinkundleni zempi — hhayi emadolobheni, emadolobheni amakhulu nasemaphandleni. Noma kunjalo, abantu basacabanga ngezimpi ngamagama aphelelwe yisikhathi. Bacabanga ngamaqembu amabutho anomfaniswano wemibala ehlukene ezinkundleni zempi noma ezindaweni zokulwa, futhi-ke bafuna iqembu eligqoke umbala walo ukunqoba. Ngoba la maqembu awalwi noma ikuphi eduze kwase-United States, iningi labantu baseMelika alazi ukuthi ikakhulukazi kubulawa amadoda, abesifazane nezingane, hhayi amasosha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uhlola imiphakathi yaseMelika ngaphambi kokufika kukaColumbus, kanye nemiphakathi ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-Australia nakwamanye amazwekazi, ngisho nezizwe manje emashumini eminyaka adlule namakhulu eminyaka, abaningi bakhethe ukwenza ngaphandle kwempi. IJapan idume ngokuzivalela ngaphandle emhlabeni futhi yathuthuka ngaphandle kwempi ebalulekile amakhulu eminyaka yaze “yavuleleka” futhi, njengoba besho, ngabantu baseMelika, abaqhubeka nokuqeqesha amaJapan empini futhi siyazi ukuthi kwasebenza kanjani lokho.
Ezinye izinganekwane zifaka umqondo wokuthi impi iyadingeka ukuze sizivikele. Sizobe sizivulele ingozi, siveze ubucwebe bethu phambi kwesixuku samasela, sivuleleke kubabulali nabadlwenguli, uma singenayo impi — namalungiselelo empi — ukuze sizivikele. Le ngenye yalezi zinganekwane ezihlala zijule kakhulu emiqondweni yabantu; eyodwa bakuthola kucishe kungenzeki ukucabanga kwabo. Ngeke ngikwazi ukwenza abantu abaningi benze kanjalo ekuxoxweni okufushane. Ngibe nenhlanhla ethile nezincwadi zami. (Into eyanelisa kakhulu njengombhali yilapho abantu bengibhalela bethi izincwadi zami zaphenduka umbono wabo womhlaba.) Ngicabanga ukuthi kuvame ukuthatha incwadi, kepha ngethemba ukuthi engxoxweni singabaqala abantu babuze okuncane kubabazi khomba lapho mhlawumbe bazoqhubekela phambili bafunde ezinye izincwadi, noma babuke amavidiyo athile.
Inyanga: Iningi labantu baseMelika alazi ukuthi i-United States ifana kanjani nempi kwamanye amazwe-ngisho nalezo esicabanga ukuthi ziyizisongo, noma izimbangi zethu, njenge China, Russia, Iran, Pakistan, ne North Korea. Ngiyazi futhi ukuthi ubhale zonke izincwadi ngale ndaba, kodwa sicela wabelane ngamaqiniso ukuze usinike umbono onembile ngokwangempela.
Swanson: Amazwe amaningi eMhlabeni awasebenzisi lutho olufana nokwenziwa yi-United States maqondana nempi namalungiselelo empi. Ingxenye yebhizinisi lempi laseMelika elenza izikhali kulo lonke izwe. Amathathu ama-quarterfree omashiqela bomhlaba, ngokuchaza kukahulumeni wase-US uqobo ngobushiqela, bathenga izikhali zase-US. Akujwayelekile ukuthi kube nempi manje ngaphandle kwezikhali zase-US okungenani ohlangothini olulodwa, futhi ngokuvamile zombili izinhlangothi. Ibhizinisi lezempi lithengiswa njengelokuthanda izwe, njengelokuthanda izwe, kepha bekungengenxa yeGeneral Motors neFord, ne-Standard Amafutha, ne-IBM, nezinye izinkampani zase-US ezenza ibhizinisi eJalimane lamaNazi phakathi nempi nangale kwalokho, amaNazi awakaze enze abakwenzile. Ukube bekungengenxa yokuthi uhulumeni wase-US angenelele kulezo zinyathelo zokuvukela umbuso ngokomthetho — ukugwema ukuqhuma amabhomu emafektri aseMelika eJalimane, aze awanxephezela ngomonakalo emuva kwalokho — amaNazi awusoze wakwenza lokho akwenza. Ngakho-ke okuningi kwalokho okuqhuba impi kuyinzuzo, hhayi noma yini equkethwe inkulumo-ze ethengisa impi emphakathini. Futhi lapho uhulumeni wase-United States uqobo esebenzisa imali ecishe ifane nawo wonke umhlaba ekubutheleni ndawonye - kufaka phakathi ababambisene nabasondelene nabo, abahlanganisa ndawonye kuze kube izingxenye ezintathu zezimali ezisetshenziselwa impi - umphumela empeleni awusivikeli, kodwa ubeka engcupheni.
Ngingakunika uhlu olude lwamasosha aseMelika asanda kuthatha umhlalaphansi kanye “nabasebenza kwezobunhloli” abasho into efanayo-ukuthi izimpi, noma izimpi ezithile, noma amaqhinga athile anjengezimpi ze-drone — ayakhiqizi, akhiqiza izitha eziningi kunokuba zisusa. Futhi eqinisweni, impi ebizwa ngokuthi yempi yobushokobezi ibuselele ubushokobezi, ayizange inciphise. Abaningi bethu baye babikezela lo mphumela unyaka nonyaka, kodwa kwaba yize. Thatha ubushokobezi bokuzibulala, ngokwesibonelo. Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nanhlanu wabantu ababulala amabhomu ashukunyiswa ngokusobala ukuzama ukwenza izwe ukuthi liyeke ukuhlala noma libulale elinye izwe. Alikho icala elilodwa eliqoshwe phansi lokuhlasela kwamaphekula okushukunyiswa ukucasuka ngokunikeza ukudla, noma amanzi, noma umuthi, noma izikole, noma usizo oluhlanzekile lwensiza noma olungenazintambo. Akwenzeki. Vele, singenza umhlaba wokusiza abantu ngengxenyana encane yalokho esikusebenzisa ukuzenza siphephe kakhulu ngokusebenzisa izindlela zendabuko zokulwa okukhulu. Empeleni lena indlela yokuqala impi ebulala ngayo; hhayi ngodlame; kodwa ngamathuba aphuthelwe azo zonke izinto ebesingazenza ngaleyo mali esikhundleni.
Isibonelo, i-3% yokuchitha imali yamasosha yase-US, noma cishe i-1.5% yokuchitha imali kwezempi emhlabeni jikelele, ingaqeda indlala eMhlabeni. Okungaphezulu kwe-1% kungakuqeda ukushoda kwamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile. Ukube besingenza umzamo omkhulu wokubhekana nokubhujiswa kwesimo sezulu, okuwukuphela kwendawo yokuthola uhlobo lwezezimali oludingekayo kuvela embuthweni wamasosha, futhi bekuzothatha kuphela ingxenye yalokho esikuchitha kwezempi ukubeka umzabalazo onzima. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuqhubeka nesifundo esikuyo, ezempi ngokwazo zingumbhubhisi wesimo sezulu nezinye izingxenye zemvelo yethu. Lesi yisizathu esikhulu sokwehlisa impi lapho. Kunezinganekwane eziningi engingazixoxa, kodwa ngenxa yesikhathi, ake ngibheke eyodwa-futhi lowo mbono wokuthi impi ingaba nobulungiswa. E-United States, iningi labantu licabanga ngokweqile i-WWII njengempi nje. Leyo ndlela ivezwa kakhulu emakilasini omlando wase-US, ezokuzijabulisa zase-US, kanye nezinkomba zomlando zase-US ekubikeni izindaba manje. Lowo mbono ubusa isiko lase-US.
Inyanga: "Impi Emihle," yebo.
Swanson: Kwesokudla. “Impi Emihle” igama elayithola lapho impi eVietnam ikhula yaba “Yimpi Emibi.” (Ngoba uma uzoba neMpi Emibi, kufanele ube neMpi Emihle, uma kungenjalo usongela iMpi umbono wempi, futhi lokho akuvumelekile.) Ngenqubo efanayo, lapho i-Iraq iba enye "iMpi Emibi," abantu baqala ukubiza i-Afghanistan ngokuthi "Impi Emnandi," lapho abantu becabanga ukuthi kukhona okubi okwenzekile. e-Iraq akwenzekanga e-Afghanistan. Abantu bazongitshela nokuthi i-United Nations yayigunyaza impi ye-Afghanistan 17 eminyakeni edlule, okuyinto engakaze yenzeke. Bacabanga ukuthi kumele kube yikhona ngoba iZizwe Ezihlangene zijabule ayizange gunyaza impi e-Iraq. Ngokufanayo, abantu bayazi ukuthi izinto ezesabekayo zenziwa eVietnam; izakhamizi zahlukunyezwa, zagawulwa, futhi zabulawa; kepha leyo bekuyimpi emibi; lezo zinto akumele zenzeke ku-WWII. Yebo, bakwenzile, futhi ngezinga elikhudlwana. Ngakho-ke sengisondele kakhulu — ubude bezincwadi — ukuphenya isimangalo sokuthi i-WWII yayiyimpi enobulungisa. Ngikuthola kudingekile lokhu ngoba abanye abantu abasoze bayeka ukukholelwa empini inqobo nje uma kunesibonelo esisodwa sempi eyayilungile. Lokhu kungishaya njengokungenangqondo, ngoba asibuyeli emuva eminyakeni ye-75 ukuthola isisekelo esivumelana kakhulu sanoma yini enye; uhlelo lwethu lomphakathi olukhulu kuphela. Kungenzeka ukuthi asikaze sithuthuke kusukela lapho? Siphila ezweni elihlukile manje. Sinemithetho evimbela impi ukunqoba izwe; sinezikhali zenuzi, eziguqula wonke amanani empi; sine (saphuthe) izikhungo zomhlaba wonke zokuxazulula ukungezwani kanye nokuphoqelela imililo yokuyeka; futhi sinolwazi olukhulu ngokwedlulele, futhi sinolwazi lokumelana nokungaphikisi nodlame. Siyazi ukuthi okungelona udlame kungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kobudlova ukuze luphumelele, futhi impumelelo yayo icishe iqinisekiswe ukuthi ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu kunaleyo efinyelelwa ngobudlova obuphikisana nobushiqela nokucindezelwa, noma okubekwe emazweni angaphandle.
Okuxakayo impikiswano elwela ilungelo le-WWII ukuthi amaNazi kwadingeka amiswe ngoba ayebulala amaJuda-nabanye abantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, i-US ayikaze ithi kufanelekile ukubandakanyeka kwayo empini ngenxa yalesosizathu ngaleso sikhathi. Akuzange kube khona iphosta eyayithi, “Joyina Amasosha Usindise AmaJuda.” Empeleni, inqubomgomo yokufika kwabantu baseMelika, ngokwesidingo esijwayelekile, yavimbela noma yikuphi ukwanda kokuvuma kwababaleki abangamaJuda e-United States kanye nezizathu zokucwasa ngokwebala, ezazingahambisani nobuhlanga. Engqungqutheleni ye-Evian ye-1938, lapho abamele abavela ezizweni ze-32 bahlangana khona ukuze baxoxe “ngenkinga yababaleki abangamaJuda” - ngamanye amagama, inani elikhulu labantu abafuna ukubalekela ubuzwe bukaHitler — e-United States nakwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kweDominican Republic ukwamukela noma imaphi amanye amaJuda. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi uHitler aphendule, “Bheka laba bazenzisi. Bafuna ngiyeke ukuhlukumeza amaJuda, kepha ngeke awathathe. Okwethu, sikulungele ukubeka zonke lezi zigebengu ezandleni zalamazwe, ngakho konke engikukhathalelayo, ngisho nasemikhunjini yokunethezeka. ”Ekuvezeni lokhu, angikho nganoma yimuphi umcabango wokuvikela uHitler, noma ukuphakamisa kunokuthile okusolisayo ngokubulala izigidi zabantu. Kepha futhi akukho lutho olungajabulisi ngokuziphatha kwezinye izizwe zomhlaba ezenqaba ukwamukela ababaleki abangamaJuda; mayelana ne-Coast Guard yokujaha umkhumbi wababaleki kude neMiami, eFlorida; mayelana nomnyango wezwe wenqaba isicelo se-visa somndeni sika-Anne Frank.
Iqiniso ngukuthi izishoshovu zokuthula zaya kohulumeni baseMelika naseBrithani kuyo yonke impi futhi bafuna ukuthi kwenziwe okuthile ukukhipha amaJuda eJalimane. Ngisho nangemva kokuba amaBrithani esekhiphe izinkulungwane zamasosha awo eJalimane futhi akhombisa ukuthi angenza kanjani okufanayo ngokubalekela, athi azinakukhathazwa; babenempi yokulwa. Ngakho-ke isizathu esizwakalayo seMpi Emihle emiqondweni yabantu abaningi — yize izazi-mlando ezibucayi zinezizathu zazo futhi angizukungena kulona lapha-empeleni azange zifakwe empini kuze kube lapho impi isiphelile. Emcabangweni womphakathi, impi yayifaneleka ngoba amaNazi ayebulala amaJuda. Impi ngokwayo ibulale abantu abangu-10 izikhathi eziningi njengoba babulawa emakamu, okuyinto, umuntu angacabanga ukuthi ingenza abantu bazibuze ukuthi ingabe ukwelashwa kubi kakhulu kunalesi sifo. Ngokudabukisayo, leyo ndlela yokubuza imibuzo ayenzeki kaningi.
Inyanga: Ungasinika umongo wenani elikhulu kakhulu lezimali zomphakathi nezinsizakusebenza ezitshalwa yi-US emshinini wayo wempi ohlobene nomhlaba wonke — ngisho nalawo mazwe abantu baseMelika abahlala betshelwa ngawo ayisongo?
Swanson: UGallup noPew bake benza ukhetho lwamazwe omhlaba eminyakeni edlule babuza abantu ukuthi yiliphi izwe elisongela kakhulu ukuthula emhlabeni. Emazweni amaningi, umvoti ophezulu yi-United States. Lokhu kuzoba yizindaba ezishaqisayo kubantu abaningi e-United States, yize kuye kwabikwa emaphephandabeni abo. E-United States, kuya ngokuthi yiliphi isonto, abantu baseMelika bazokwengeza i-Iran noma iNorth Korea njengensongo enkulu yokuthula. Ekuvotweni kweGallup ngoDisemba 2013, amaMelika athi i-Iran, yize i-Iran ingazange iqale impi emakhulwini eminyaka. I-Iran ichitha imali engaphansi kwe-1% yalokho okwenziwa yi-US kwezempi yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-2015, i-Iran yavuma ukuhlolwa kakhulu kwezindawo zayo zezindawo zenuzi kanye nezinye izindawo kunanoma yiliphi izwe elake lakhona. Izwe laseMelika alisoze lafisa ukuvuma kunoma yini into enjalo. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi isivumelwano asikaze sidingwe kwasekuqaleni, njengoba noma yimuphi nje obukhali ebekade esazi. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube namuhla, abantu baseMelika kungenzeka babize i-Iran njengempendulo yombuzo "osongela kakhulu", kuye ngokuthi iRussia noma iNorth Korea noma elinye izwe selivelele kakhulu kumjikelezo wezindaba wakamuva.
Ngokufanayo, iRussia ichitha imali engaphansi kwe-10% okwenziwa yiMelika embuthweni wayo futhi ibilokhu lehla kakhulu lelo phesenti eminyakeni yamuva. Kodwa-ke iRussia nayo, njengoba ne-United States inazo, icishe ibe yingxenye yezikhali zenuzi emhlabeni, ngakho neRussia kanye ne-United States zingakubhubhisa kalula impilo eMhlabeni ngengxenyana encane yamazwe abo enuzi. Kepha umbono wokuthi iNorth Korea noma i-Iran noma i-Iraq noma yiliphi izwe elincane, elimpofu, nelingahlomile liyisongo esikhulu ekuthuleni komhlaba uyahlekisa futhi kuyisikhundla esiphethwe hhayi nje ngababukeli bethelevishini abangafundile, kodwa ngeshwa, ngabafundi abaningi base-US abanemibono ngalolu daba. Ngiqonde ukuthi ngingakunikhombisa inqwaba yezincwadi ezibekwe ngoprofesa baseyunivesithi e-United States, ngamunye ozokutshela ukuthi ukusongela okukhulu ohlelweni lwezomthetho nokuthula nobulungiswa emhlabeni emlandweni wakamuva kwakuwukubanjwa kwezwe laseRussia laseCrimea. Ungalokothi ukhumbule impi eseVietnam, noma impi ese-Iraq, noma amabhomu aseYemen okwamanje, noma noma yiziphi izimpi eziningi nazo zonke izigidi zezigidi zokufa nokulimala kwabo i-US ebambe iqhaza kukho. Esikhundleni salokho, laba bafundi bathi lo msebenzi, lapho abantu baseCrimea babevotele ukubuyela eRussia, futhi engabandakanyi umuntu oyedwa ohlukunyeziwe, kwakuyingozi enkulu ukuthula emhlabeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngisale ngizwa ummeli oyedwa walesi sikhundla ephakamisa ukuthi abantu baseCrimea bavote okusha ngohlelo olusha lokuvota, noma ababukeli bamazwe ahlukene. Abakuhlongozi lokho ngoba yonke impova ikhombisa abantu baseCrimea bajabule ngevoti labo. Ngakho-ke, uma kwehlukana nesiqeshana seSerbia, kulungile. Uma ihlukanisa iSlovakia kwiCzechia, kulungile. Ngiqonde ukuthi umbono wokuthi abantu banelungelo lokwehlukanisa futhi banqume ukuthi yiliphi izwe abazokuba yingxenye kulo liyahlonishwa ngokukhethekile, kususelwa entshisakalweni yethu yezwe lonke.
Inyanga: Ngicabanga ukuthi iningi labantu baseMelika alinalwazi nhlobo lokuthi izwe lethu selibe yimpi kanjani. Ngiyazi futhi ukuthi ubhale zonke izincwadi ngale ndaba, kepha ngicela uqhubeke nokusifundisa? Ngemuva kwalokho, ngineqiniso ukuthi umbuzo olandelayo uzoba "Akuyona yini indima okufanele siyidlalile, ngoba ukuphela kwamandla amakhulu asele? Njengomphoyisa womhlaba, uma singakwenzi lokho sonke sizokuya esihogweni ngebhasikidi lesandla. "
Swanson: Kwesokudla. Ngiqonde ukuthi, uma iMelika ingagumbuqeli uhulumeni waseLibya futhi iguqule indawo yaba yindawo yokuhlala, yanda udlame nezinxushunxushu kulo lonke elaseNyakatho ne-Afrika, ubani ongangena futhi enze lowo msebenzi? Uma iMelika ingaphendukeli iY Yemen endaweni eshisayo yobushokobezi, futhi idale impi enkulu ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezikhali, futhi ihlanganyele neSaudi Arabia ekwakheni inhlekelele enkulu yabantu eminyakeni eyedlule — okusho okuthile — ubani ozokwenza ?
By the way, sitshelwa ukuthi izimpi ze-drone ziyikusasa lempi ngoba "akekho umuntu" olimala-okusho ukuthi, "Akekho umuntu okudingeka ukhathalele." Kepha la “makhosi” ayizinto ezithile ezithinta imindeni yabo kanye nabezwe. Cabanga nje ukuthi ngabe uthishomkhulu kahulumeni wezangaphandle wabulala esinye sezakhamizi zethu. Ingabe lokho bekuyodala ukuthukuthela nentukuthelo?
Sikhulume isikhashana edlule ngokuvota okwenziwe. Amapholi akhombisa ukuthi umhlaba wonke awubongi iphoyisa lomhlaba jikelele. “Iphoyisa lomhlaba wonke” yisikhundla esiziqokele sona. Akuceliwe; akubongwa. Kuhlukile futhi emlandweni.
Uma ngikhuluma esidlangalaleni ngiqala ngokubuza imibuzo. Esokuqala sithi, “Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi impi ihlala inezizathu ezizwakalayo, kwesinye isikhathi kunobulungiswa, noma ayikaze ibe necala?” Yebo, cishe wonke umuntu uhamba “kwesinye isikhathi kufanelekile.” Ngemuva kwalokho ngicela labo bantu bagcine izandla zabo emoyeni futhi, uma bengakwazi , ukusho izimpi zamanje zase-US. Cishe angisoze ngathola umuntu oyedwa ongakwazi ngisho nokuqamba amazwe amazwe esiwakhipha ngamabhomu ngentshiseko. (Okuyikho, okumbalwa impela, ukwedlula amazwe lapho sinezikhulu zamandla okuthiwa akhethekile asebenza ukumisela uhulumeni amandla.) Ngiqonde ukuthi, noMbuso WaseRoma wawukwazi ukulandela izimpi zawo. Umkhosi wethu wezempi awukaze kwenzeke ngaphambili. Kuyibhizinisi lomhlaba wonke ne-United States elawula izikhali ezikhathini nobuchwepheshe be-satellite kwezikhali ezikhathini. I-US inezikhali olwandle, enamikhumbi emachwebeni amakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, kanye cishe Izisekelo zamasosha e-800 kwamanye amazwe we-70 kanye nezindawo emhlabeni jikelele. Sinezinto ezempi eziqhayisayo ngokuba namasosha emazweni we-175 noma ama-176. Kwesinye isikhathi lokho kunamabutho ambalwa nje; nokho, kwabaningi babo, izinkulungwane zamabutho. Sibone uPutin emi eduze kukaTrump eHelsinki muva nje ethi ufuna i-US ingene esivumelwaneni sokuvala zonke izikhali ezisekelweni. Vele, uTrump akanandaba nalokho; futhi akekho omunye uMengameli eminyakeni eyi-75 edlule. Zonke izizwe zomhlaba zihlanganisile kungenzeka zibe nezisekelo zamasosha e-30 ezingaphandle kwemingcele yazo. Sibiza iRussia, enezisekelo zamasosha emazweni ayisishiyagalolunye — iningi lazo ezazingamalungu eSoviet Union — kanye namazwe esingakwazanga ukubusa njenge-Iran noma iNorth Korea, engenazo izisekelo zamasosha ezingaphandle komthetho , njengokuqina.
Kepha akukho okusemthethweni ngokuphoqelela impi yamazwe aseMelika emazweni abanye abantu. Umgomo osobekile ukwenza ubukhona bempi yase-US yonke indawo. Leyo yizindleko ezingakholeki ngokwezimali, inhlekelele yezemvelo, kanye nomshushisi wobudlova. Kusiholela ekusekeleni ohulumeni abanobushiqela abavumele i-US isekelwa. Kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamabutho ase-US ngokumelene nemizamo yentando yeningi ephikisana nalaba bohulumeni abanonya. Kuyinhlekelele kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni. Futhi ayithandwa ndawo. Kuyimbono enqamulelayo enezinhlangothi ezimbili, izithelo ezilengiswe kancane zokwehlisa impi yase-US. Wonke umuntu ufuna ukuvala izisekelo zangaphandle ngaphandle kwezempi yase-US. Iningi labantu bendawo alizange lifune ukuthi liqale ngalo futhi / noma lifune ukubasusa ngokushesha. Lokhu kuyinto ethi World Beyond War isebenza ukufeza ngokubambisana namanye amaqembu amaningi. Sibe nengqungquthela enkulu eBaltimore ngonyaka odlule futhi saba nengqungquthela yomhlaba wonke ehlelwe eDublin, e-Ireland, ngoNovemba 2018. Kufanele kwenzeke ukuthi kuvalwe ezinye zalezi zisekelo. Ngeshwa, nabazongenela ukhetho abagijima endaweni yesikhulumi ephikisana nokwakhiwa kwesizwe kanye nemisebenzi yakwamanye amazwe-njengoba bobabili u-Obama noTrump -bake baba sehhovisi baqhubeka ngendlela efanayo yokusabalalisa impi. Ngakho-ke asikabi namandla ngaphakathi kohlelo lwezepolitiki eWashington, DC, olungakwesokudla kulokhu.
Inyanga: Ngakho-ke impi iyinqaba futhi iyabiza kakhulu. Yini enye izindlela esingazisebenzisa?
Swanson: Futhi, sengibhale incwadi yonke ngale ndaba (Uhlelo Lokuphepha Lomhlaba Wonke, Enye Indlela Yempi), engafundwa mahhala ku- Umhlaba Ngaphandle Kwempi iwebhusayithi. Izwe laseMelika lingazenza nje libe yisizwe esithandwa kunazo zonke eMhlabeni ngemali encane kakhulu nangomzamo ngokuyeka "usizo lwempi" futhi lihlinzeke ngengxenye yalolo sizo ngezindlela ezingezona ezempi esikhundleni.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekusingatheni izinkinga ukuyeka ukuzidala kwasekuqaleni. Izinsongo nezijeziso nokumangalelwa ngamanga esikhathini esiyiminyaka kungakhuphula ukungezwani okungahle kube yimpi ngesigameko esincane kakhulu, ngisho nengozi. Ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokugwema izingqinamba ezivusa usinga, umzamo omkhulu — kanye nezimpilo — ungasindiswa.
Lapho kuvela izingxabano ngokungenakuvinjwa, zingalungiswa kangcono uma imali itshaliwe lapho kwenziwe ngezokuxoxisana kanye nokulamula. IZizwe Ezihlangene zidinga ukuqiniswa, ukuguqulwa kabusha, noma ukushintshwa nenhlangano evimbela impi futhi ivumele ukumelwa okulinganayo kwabantu kuzo zonke izizwe.
Sidinga futhi ukusebenza ngokuzikhandla ekunciphiseni izikhali. Izizwe ezihlome kakhulu zingasiza ngezindlela ezintathu. Okokuqala, qeda izikhali - ngokwengxenye noma ngokugcwele. Okwesibili, yeka ukuthengisa izikhali kwamanye amazwe amaningi. Ngesikhathi sempi ye-Iran ne-Iraq ngawo-1980, okungenani izinkampani ezingama-50 zanikela ngezikhali, okungenani ezingama-20 kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Okwesithathu, xoxani ngezivumelwano zokuphucwa izikhali namanye amazwe futhi nihlele ukuhlolwa okuzokuqinisekisa ukuphucwa kwezikhali yizo zonke izinhlaka.
Inyanga: Ake sixoxe kancane ngencwadi yakho yakamuva, Ukwelapha Okungafani Nakho: Yini engalungile ngendlela esicabanga ngayo nge-United States nokuthi yini esingayenza ngayo. Lapha futhi, abantu baseMelika babonakala beyikholelwa indaba yabo engahambisani namaqiniso umhlaba wonke ababhekile.
Swanson: Yebo; yilokho okwangigqugquzela ukuthi ngibhale le ncwadi. Abantu abaningi baseMelika bakholelwa ukuthi kunezimfanelo ezenza i-United States ibe yizwe elingcono kakhulu emhlabeni - izinto ezifana nenkululeko, noma inkululeko ngentando yeningi, noma uhlelo lwethu lwenkantolo, noma ibhizinisi lamahhala, noma inkululeko yomphakathi, noma ucwaningo oluthuthukisiwe, noma into entsha, noma enye into i-United States yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke. Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola noma yini kunoma ngubani kunoma yisiphi isikhungo sokucwaninga, e-United States noma kwenye indawo, kunoma yimuphi umbono wezepolitiki, ukuthi i-United States inenombolo eyodwa kuyo, ngaphandle kwezinto ezithile ezesabekayo okungekho muntu okufanele azifune ukuze sibe isibalo sokuqala. Siwumholi, ngokweqiniso, ekusetshenzisweni kwezempi, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, ukukhiya abantu emakheji, kanye nezinye izigaba ezimbalwa ezingezinhle. Uma uqhathanisa i-United States namanye amazwe acebile — futhi iningi lawo empeleni alicebile njenge-United States — uthola ukuthi kula mazwe amaningi, kunesikhathi eside sokuphila, impilo enkulu, ukulondeka okukhulu, injabulo enkulu, ukusimama okukhulu kwemvelo , impi engaphansi, ubudlova obuncane, izikole ezingcono, imfundo engcono, njalonjalo. Izwe laseMelika lihlala lifinyelela kangcono kunasemazweni amaningi ampofu, kodwa kwezinye izigaba ezifiselekayo lilingisa nalawo. Ngeshwa, izakhamizi zase-United States azikwazi lawa maqiniso futhi kungenzeka kakhulu kunezakhamizi zakwelinye izwe ukuthi izwe lazo lihamba phambili.
Inkinga yokukholelwa ngale ndlela ibonakala kwinqubomgomo yethu yakwamanye amazwe-nasekuphatheni kwethu amaMelika okuqala. Ngoba sikholelwa ukuthi indlela yethu yokuphila iphakeme kunabanye, asicabangi ukuyifaka kwabanye. Empeleni sikholwa ukuthi sibenzela umusa; ukuthi kumele babonge. Sikholwa ukuthi izwe lethu linelungelo lokuhlasela amanye amazwe, lize lenze ngokungathandeki, ngaphandle kwemvume yeNhlangano Yezizwe. Noma kunjalo asizithathi njengesizwe esinenkani. Ngani? Ngoba sise-US Singabokuqala!
Kuhle ukuthanda izwe nokukhetha isiko lomuntu ngaphezu kwabanye; kodwa futhi kubonakala kunengqondo ukulindela ukuthi abantu bakwamanye amazwe bazizwe ngendlela efanayo ngendawo abahlala kuyo. Kule ncwadi ngicabanga izindlela zokucabanga ezingasisebenzela kangcono-njengokuthi sikhombise okuningi nemiphakathi yangakithi kanye nomphakathi wethu womhlaba jikelele, futhi okumbalwa nohulumeni kazwelonke, amasosha kazwelonke amabi, kanye nokuncane kokuqonda okuphakeme kakhulu koku enye i-96% yesintu. “I-American exclionalism” iyindlela yokugcina eyamukelekayo phakathi kokukhululeka okufundile nakuwo wonke umuntu e-United States. Ezingxenyeni eziningi ze-US — abezindaba, ezemfundo, kanye nohulumeni, kube nenqubekela phambili enkulu ekulweni nobandlululo, ubulili, kanye nezindlela eziningi zokuphikisana, kodwa ukubandlulula kubantu bakwamanye amazwe kuseyinkinga enkulu.
Namuhla nje bengibheka i-titter evela kwintatheli yeCNN ithi abezindaba base-US abakaze bacindezele uhulumeni wase-US empini. Ngithumele ividyo kliphu ye-YouTube kusuka kwinkulumompikiswano eyinhloko ye-2016 Republican lapho abavoti bezomongameli bebuzwa ngumphathi wempikiswano weCNN, "Ungathanda ukubulala amakhulukhulu ezinkulungwane zezingane ezingenacala njengengxenye yemisebenzi yakho eyisisekelo njengoMongameli?" ngicabanga ukuthi kunelinye izwe emhlabeni lapho lolu hlobo lombuzo olubuzwe kwinkulumompikiswano yokhetho. Kuyamangaza. Kuyinto yezenhlalo yabantu. Futhi nokho ayenzanga ndaba. Kwakungeyona neze ihlazo. Bekungumbuzo nje kwinkulumompikiswano, kepha kungowaseMelika kuphela.
Angiqonde ukuthi kufanele ufike ekuqapheleni amaMelika amabi futhi kudingeka azizwe enecala futhi enamahloni. Ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele siqaphele ukuthi, njengakweliphi izwe, izinto ezinkulu kanye nezinto ezimbi ziye zenziwa. Sizokwazi ukwenza izinto ezinhle kakhulu zenzeke uma siyeka ukuhlonza neqembu lesizwe futhi siqale ukuhlonza ubuntu — konke okuhle nokubi okukhona kungatholakala kuyo yonke indawo. Ngicabanga ukuthi kuningi okufanele kutholakale. Singaziqhenya ngokufundisa imvelo yaseJalimane nemfundo yaseFinland. Singaziqhenya ngakho konke esikuthola okuhle emhlabeni jikelele futhi siyeke ukwenqaba futhi wehluleke ukuzuza ngakho ngoba akuwona owaseMelika. Akukho lutho oluzolahleka ekubekeleni eceleni amadlingozi wokushisekela izwe. Awusoze wazisola ngokulahlekelwa yilokho okungenamsoco. Uzozibuza ukuthi wake waphila kanjani ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zokuthola konke ukubona abantu.
Inyanga: Ubhala ukuthi uhlelo lomthetho lwentando yeningi nolunentando yeningi luyadingeka ukuthatha indawo yempi. Ngabe lokho bekubukeka kanjani?
Swanson: Lowo ngumbuzo omude onezimpendulo eziningi ezikhona. World Beyond War unengqungquthela ngalesi sihloko ngoSepthemba 2018 eToronto. Ngingakutshela kalula ukuthi yini ngeke kufana ne. Bekungeke kubonakale njengesakhiwo lapho abathengisi bezikhali abahlanu abakhulu, noma okungenani abane kwabayisihlanu abakhulu, bakha uMkhandlu Wokuphepha we-UN futhi babe namandla akhethekile okusebenzisa umhlaba; noma ukuba namandla we-veto phezu komzimba omkhulu; noma ukweqisa iNkantolo yezobugebengu yamazwe omhlaba kanye neNkantolo Yezwe Yobulungiswa. Lokhu ngokusobala akuyona inqubo yobulungiswa, ngisho nezizwe njengezindawo zawo. Ngicabanga ukuthi intando yeningi yangempela yomhlaba wonke, njengoba kungaba nzima futhi isabeke njengoba kuzwakala kubantu abaningi abaqeqeshelwe ukubalekela lo mqondo, kuzobandakanya ukumelwa kwabantu maqondana nosayizi babo, hhayi izizwe kuphela. Ngiqonde ukuthi, kuwukuhlekisa okuncane ukuthi uLiechtenstein neChina babe nevoti elilodwa, kepha kuyahlekisa nangokuthi abenzi bempi abakhulu banikezwe amandla akhethekile oMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN. I-United Nations yadalwa njengesikhungo samazwe omhlaba ukuqeda impi, njengeZizwe Ezihlangene, sabe sesibeka abaphethe impi enkulu ukuyiphatha.
Ngakho-ke kufanele siguqule noma sishintshe iZizwe Ezihlangene ngohlelo olukumele amazwe, kepha futhi lumele abantu ngokulingana nesibalo sabantu, futhi kubandakanya nentando yeningi yangempela. Ubuchwepheshe bukhona ukuvumela izingxoxo zentando yeningi kanye nokwenza izinqumo; esikudingayo kuyintando yepolitiki. Kuyinselele yangempela. Ngeke kubonakale sengathi siphuma ngaphansi kwenkohliso yezimali yohulumeni bezwe ngokwanele ukuthi sisebenzele kuyo ukudala uhulumeni omkhulu kakhulu-okuzodingeka sibalekele inkohlakalo yezimali. Noma kunjalo ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele. Ngicabanga ukuthi enye ingxenye yempendulo edonsela phansi emazingeni endawo nokuthuthuka kwentando yeningi kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezingeni lendawo, ngenkathi ngasikhathi sinye kudlulisela amandla kufinyelela ezingeni lomhlaba, okungekho ohulumeni bezwe abahlala bethanda njalo. Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi le mizamo emibili empeleni ingasizana. Ukufika ezingeni lapho imiphakathi ingathatha khona umthwalo wemfanelo wokusebenzela ukwenza uhlelo lomthetho lomhlaba jikelele, sizokwazi ukukwazi ukugwema ukuvimba umgwaqo okuyiwona othengiwe futhi okhokhelwe, obizwa ngokuthi umbuso wentando yeningi.
Inyanga: Izilaleli ziyithola kanjani imiyalezo yakho yempi?
Swanson: Empeleni kuthatha okuncane kakhulu ukuguqula imiqondo yabantu. Engxenyeni yehora kuya kwehora abantu bafuna ukuba izishoshovu zokuthula ngoba abakaze bezwe noma yikuphi ukuphikisana ngokulwa kwempi ngaphambilini. Konke kusha kubo. Bakhonjwe ekugcineni kwe-pro-war media satellite, kodwa akuvamile ukuba noma ngubani abahamba ngezimpikiswano kolunye uhlangothi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso, futhi, lapho ngiseyingxenye yephaneli noma mpikiswano, futhi kukhona abamele izimpikiswano zokulwa kweplanethi endaweni eyodwa. Ngicabanga ukuthi kunokuvuleleka okuningi empini ephikisayo emphakathini jikelele kunalokho esikhuthazwe kukholelwa.
Inyanga: Ngabe uligcina kanjani ithemba lakho, ngisho nokuzibophezela kwakho, lapho ngisho nokusabela kwethu kubantu abangavumelani nathi kuthambekele ekubeni nodlame olunje? Ukwenza isibonelo, u-Obama wahlaselwa kanzima ngokwenza isivumelwano se-Iran, njengoba uTrump ehlaselwe "ukuhlangana" noPutin. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lokubuza okungafani nolwaseMelika, noma isabelomali samasosha saseMelika, sihlaselwa ngokuthi "asilona elaseMelika" futhi "libuthaka." Yini ekugcina uqhubeka? Yini ekunika ithemba? Ngabe kufanele ubheke nakwamanye amazwe ukuthola isikhuthazo?
Swanson: Cishe anginayo impendulo ozoyicabanga njengegculisayo, kodwa ngokubona kwami, kungenzeka sibhekane nenhlekelele yemvelo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi sibhekene ne-apocalypse yenuzi. Kepha lapho sisebenza kakhulu ukugwema lezo zinhlekelele, kuba ngcono izingqinamba zethu. Uma samukela le miphumela njengengafinyeleleki siyobe sesimele. Ngakho-ke ngikholwa ukuthi yisibopho sethu sokuziphatha konke okusemandleni ukuvikela inhlekelele nokwenza konke esingakwenza kube ngcono. Kwazi bani? Singaphumelela. Futhi umzamo empeleni uthokozela ukwedlula ukuwina ngakho. Abanye bangazama ukuba nesimo sengqondo esithi, “Hhayi-ke, izwe lihlaselwe; Ngizozijabulisa uma nje kuqhubeka. ”Kepha kulwazi lwami, empeleni awuzijabuleli ngokwengeziwe. Uhlala ulusizi. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlanganyela nabantu abazibophezele emsebenzini ofanayo, abakhuthazana futhi basebenzela ukwenza umhlaba ube indawo engcono, empeleni uzothola ukugcwaliseka nokwaneliseka kanye nobumbano kanye ne-camaraderie abantu abebelokhu beyilangazelela. Abaningi babo sebeyitholile nasempini — ibe nemiphumela emibi nemiphumela emibi. Ucwaningo lwesayensi ngalolu daba luqinisekisile ukuthi izishoshovu zivame ukuhluzeka ngokwengqondo futhi zithokoze kakhulu ngokomoya kunabagxeki abaphume ngebhizinisi. Ngakho-ke ukuze ngokwakho [kuhleke], hlangana!
