I-American / Russian Vladimir Posner ku-State of Journalism

UVladimir Posner, owachitha ubusha bakhe e-United States, eFrance, naseSoviet Union, futhi owaphatha uhlelo noPhil Donahue kuthelevishini yase-U.S. iminyaka, wahlangana neqembu lezivakashi eMoscow ezivela e-U.S. ngoMsombuluko, enikeza umthombo wakhe. -ukubukwa okunolwazi ngohlu lwezihloko ezihlobene nemidiya.

U-Posner uthe iminyaka eminingi esebenza inkulumo-ze yaseSoviet eqondiswe e-United States. Wathi, igalelo lokuqala ekukholelweni kwakhe ngokugcwele ekugwemeni kweSoviet Union lafika lapho amaSoviet ehlasela iCzechoslovakia ngo-1968. Ekugcineni waphetha ngokuthi wayengakhulumi iqiniso, ukuthi ngokukhuluma izinto ezinhle kuphela wayekhuluma iqiniso elingaphelele. , okungamanga. Wawuyeka umsebenzi futhi wawushiya neQembu LamaKhomanisi.

Ezinsukwini zikaGorbachev, u-Posner wavunyelwa ukuhamba, waphindela e-United States, lapho abambisene khona lolo hlelo no-Donahue kwaze kwaba yilapho i-CNBC ithola umongameli omusha ogama lakhe linguRoger Ailes. Umphathi omusha ufune ilungelo lokugunyaza noma ukwenqaba izihloko noma izihambeli. "Lokho ukucwaninga," kusho uPosner. “Anginikezi imbongolo yegundane ngale ndlela oyibiza ngayo,” kuphendula u-Ailes.

Ngakho, emuva eMoscow kwaba. U-Posner uphathe uhlelo lwakhe lwamanje lwethelevishini lwamasonto onke eRussia iminyaka engu-8. Uthi ngeke aphinde asebenzele uhulumeni noma iqembu, futhi uzosayina inkontileka nenkampani kuphela uma imshiya ezimele.

Sasizwile ngezinye izintatheli zaseRussia ezinsukwini ezandulele ezazidwebe isithombe esihle kakhulu semithombo yezindaba yaseRussia, zisitshela ukuthi akukho ukucwaninga, nokuthi amaphephandaba amaningi eRussia aphikisa uPutin kunokumeseka. I-Posner inencazelo eqinile yokucwaninga, ngicabanga, kanye nombono wethelevishini. "Noma ngubani okutshele ukuthi ayikho imingcele kwabezindaba baseRussia ubengakutshelanga iqiniso," kusho yena.

Uthe iziteshi zethelevishini zombuso waseRussia (1, 2, no-4, kanye neRed TV) zisebenzela uhulumeni futhi zibusa izethameli. “Kunezinto ongeke ukwazi ukuzisho nabantu ongeke ubameme,” esho. "Awukwazi ukugxeka uPutin kulawo manethiwekhi." Kumanethiwekhi amancane, ayimfihlo ungakwazi, kanye nokuphrintayo nasemsakazweni. “Uma izilaleli zakho zincane, inkululeko yakho inkulu.” U-Posner uvumile ukuthi amaphephandaba amaningana aphikisana noPutin, kodwa waphika ukuthi baningi, futhi wachitha izethameli zabo ngokuthi abafundi abangekho ngaphezu kwesigidi esingu-1, nakuba abafundi abaphezulu. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi uPutin unokusekelwa okungama-80%, kusho uPosner, ithelevishini yombuso. I umugqa wephathi eRussia kanye nase umugqa wenkampani enani laseMelika cishe into efanayo, kusho uPosner.

Ebuzwa kamuva ngezikhalazo ezivame kakhulu noPutin, u-Posner akazange anikeze. Kunalokho, wazama ukuchaza ukuthandwa kukaPutin; futhi incazelo kungenzeka ukuthi yayiqondwa njengesebenza ngokujikeleza kwethelevishini, kodwa futhi ibonakala iyiqiniso. UPosner uthe abantu babona uPutin esukumela igorilla laseMelika elingamakhilogremu angama-800, ebuyisela ukuziqhenya kumfelandawonye ongahlonishwanga waseRussia. Abantu baseRussia babekulungele ukwanga lapho beqeda ubukhomanisi. Esikhundleni salokho banikezwe izivumelwano ezibolile zango-1990s futhi manje babekezelela unswinyo olwehlise imali engenayo ngo-10% kuya ku-12% (ngenkathi kuhlomula ezolimo zaseRussia) - isimo uPosner abikezela ukuthi ngeke sizuze nhlobo imvume ngaphandle kweRussia.

U-Posner unikeze njengesibonelo senkampani engathembekile uChristiane Amanpour we-CNN, owayengakaze aye eCrimea, ebika ukuthi abantu baseCrimea bavotele ukujoyina iRussia kuphela ngaphansi kosongo lwamasosha aseRussia. “Ubeqamba amanga.”

U-Posner uphakamise ukuthi uDavid Remnick we New Yorker unolwazi olungcono kodwa kubonakala sengathi ubhala okuhluke kakhulu kulokho okumele akwazi. UPosner uthe New YorkerUbunikazi buka-Conde Nast bujwayelekile kumkhuba kude nokuzimela e-U.S.

Ebuzwa nge-Russia Today (noma i-RT, i-TV yaseRussia yabantu baseMelika) uyichithile njengenkulumo-ze ebonisa okuhle kuphela eRussia nokubi kuphela e-United States. Kepha kithina esingakunaki ukubika kwe-RT ngeRussia futhi sikuthokozele ukubika kwayo ngezihloko ezingambuliwe e-U.S., u-Posner ubonakala elungile kuze kube yilapho ethi azikho izethameli eziyoke ziphendukele emthonjeni wangaphandle ngaphezu kowasekhaya. Eqinisweni, u-Posner wanikeza ngokushesha isibonelo esiphikisayo sokuthandwa kwe-Voice of America, i-BBC, nokusakaza kweJalimane e-USSR.

U-Posner ushibilika kalula kusukela ekugxekeni abezindaba baseRussia kuya ekugxekeni abezindaba base-U.S. Abezindaba base-US, uthi, baye bafaka amademoni eRussia kusukela ngo-1918 futhi benze okungaphezu kwalokho abezindaba baseRussia noma baseSoviet abake benza okufanayo e-United States. Ngokwesilinganiso sikaPosner, uPutin ugcwele idemoni emithonjeni yezindaba yase-US ngezindlela uStalin angakaze abhekane nazo. Wenze isibonelo ngesithombe esiveza isithunzi sikaPutin siwela phezu kwendiza ewile e-Ukraine. UPutin ucele ukujoyina i-EU, ngenxa yobuhle, wacela ukujoyina i-NATO, futhi i-US yamenqaba, kuchaza uPosner.

UPosner uthe ngesikhathi eseyingane e-United States, abantu baseMelika babazi ukuthi yiSoviet Union eyanqoba iMpi Yezwe II, futhi beyithanda iRussia ngayo. Manje, abantu baseMelika abazi lutho. Abantu baseRussia, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sebezohlonza abantu baseMelika ngezinqubomgomo ezinonya zikahulumeni wabo ngezinga elingazange libonwe ngesikhathi seMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Wonke umuntu wayejwayele ukuthanda abantu baseMelika futhi agqoke njengabaseMelika, njll.

U-Posner uchaza isimo sengqondo saseRussia njengomkhiqizo wenkulumo-ze yaseRussia kanye nokungabikho kwezindaba zabantu baseMelika ababhikisha iWashington. (Nginikeze i-Posner izinkulungwane ze imiyalezo abavela kwabaseMelika benethemba lokugcwalisa leso sikhala.) U-Posner uphinde wasola ukwehluleka kwe-U.S. ukunikeza noma yini efana ne-Marshall Plan ngawo-1990, noma ukusiza ekuthuthukisweni kwentando yeningi, into iRussia eyayingakaze ibe nayo. Ebuzwa ukuthi ingabe iMarshall Plan yaseJalimane naseJapane yayishiye iYurophu neJapane ingaphansi kwe-United States ngokuphelele, nokuthi iRussia yayizobhekana yini nesiphetho esifanayo, uPosner wabonakala ethambekele ekukholelweni ukuthi kwakungekona lokho okwakuzokwenzeka.

Lapho echaza ukuntula kweRussia isiko lentando yeningi, uPosner uthe uPutin empeleni ukholelwa ukuthi umongameli wase-US angakwazi ukubiza New York Times futhi ubacele ukuthi baprinte indaba, futhi bayokwenza lokho. Hhayi-ke, ngibize nge-autocrat yaseRussia, kodwa siyazi ngezimo eziningi zezindaba ze-White House zokudlala New York Times, futhi eziningi zazo ezicindezela izindaba at the New York Times. Indaba yohlu lokubulala i-drone ye-2014 ifika engqondweni njengesibonelo sangaphambili (noma, uma uthanda, indaba yamashubhu e-aluminium ka-2003), kanye nendaba ye-NSA mass-surveillance ye-2004 njengesibonelo salokhu.

Ebuzwa ukuthi kungani abantu baseRussia bekhangwa ubungxiwankulu, uPosner wachaza ukuthi abantu babevame ukulinda emigqeni yonke into, bese kuthi kungazelelwe yonke into itholakale ezitolo kunoma ubani onemali. Manje, wathi, ayikho into ebaluleke ukwedlula imali. Uthe abantu abasha bancamela imisebenzi eyenza imali eningi. (Akuwona umkhawulo wami lowo Okuhlangenwe nakho nentsha yaseRussia.) Kamuva uPosner wathi iRussia ifana ne-United States ngokukholelwa ukuthi inomsebenzi. Uchaze lo msebenzi njengomelene nokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo. Yiqiniso, zombili lezi zinkinga (ukukhulekela imali nokudelela imali) zingaba khona kumaRussia ngaphandle kokuphikisana, kodwa okuphumelela kubonakala kunganqunyiwe, kanye nokuthi kokubili kungokoqobo. U-Posner akazange abonakale ekholelwa ukuthi inkolelo yaseRussia ekuphikisaneni kwayo nezinto ezibonakalayo yayilungile.

Isiphi iseluleko ongasinikeza uTrump, othile wabuza uPosner.

Wayezomtshela ukuthi izinkinga ezinkulu zomhlaba (ubale ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nobuphekula, phakathi kokunye - enye yazo uTrump angakholelwa kuyo, futhi zombili uTrump azibandakanya nazo ngentshiseko) azinakuxazululeka ngaphandle kweRussia, nangaphandle kweChina. kanjalo.

U-Posner uxwayise ngokuthi ukusabela kukaTrump ngokomzwelo kwenza i-apocalypse yenuzi ngengozi ibe yingozi kakhulu kunangaphambili.

Izindaba uPosner azixoxela ziningi kakhulu ukuthi ngingazibala zonke, kodwa nazi ezine.

1. "Akukho ukushisekela izwe kubuntatheli." Njengodokotela enkundleni yempi ongeke ame ukuze anqume ubuzwe ngaphambi kokusiza abalimele, intatheli akufanele icabangele izithakazelo zesizwe ngaphambi kokubika iqiniso elizozuzisa umphakathi.
2. Kudala, uFred Friendly waqoqa iqembu lezintatheli okuhlanganisa no-Posner ndawonye futhi wabuza ukuthi bangenzenjani uma bebona edeskini umqulu oyimfihlo osho ukuthi isizwe sabo sizoqala impi ezinsukwini ezingu-10. Uthe kungakapheli imizuzwana engu-30 bonke base beshilo ukuthi bazokwenza konke okusemandleni ukukubika. Namuhla lokho ngeke kufane, kusho u-Posner. Futhi nangaleso sikhathi, wathi, kwakungeke kufane eRussia.
3. Ifilimu yokuqala yaseMelika eyabonwa u-Posner yayithi "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest." Wathi ephuma enkundleni yeshashalazi indoda eshintshile. Ubhekisela esifundweni sokuziphatha emazwini omlingiswa oyinhloko athi “Hhayi-ke, okungenani ngizamile.” Lo mugqa ukhulunywe lapho ehluleka ukuklebhula usinki phansi. Kodwa ngenxa yalowo mzamo kuphela umlingiswa onamandla ngokomzimba wazama kamuva futhi waphumelela. Ukuthi uyahluleka noma cha, kusho uPosner, into ebalulekile ukuzama - ukunanela mhlawumbe uCamus kuSisyphus, noma - ngaphezulu iphuzu - I.F. Stone ezimpini okuwukuphela kwazo okufanele ukulwa kube yilezo ezizonqotshwa kuphela esizukulwaneni esizayo.
4. U-Posner wavakashela eGeorgia (hhayi ipentshisi) okokuqala, futhi umngane wakhe wamkhipha edla futhi ephuza nesixuku sabantu ayengakaze ahlangane nabo ngaphambili, bonke baqhubeka nokwenza i-toast futhi baphuze umlingiswa wakhe ophakeme, omangalisayo. umuntu oncomekayo, amahora amahlanu noma ngaphezulu. Kamuva, uPosner wabuza ukuthi kungani abantu angabazi bengasho izinto ezinjalo ngaye. Babebonakala bengamanga futhi bezenzisa kuPosner. Kodwa umngane wakhe waphendula: Okokuqala, bayazi ukuthi ungumngane wami. Okwesibili, uma uyindodana yokugcina kanondindwa, awusoze wezwa amazwi amahle ngawe futhi mhlawumbe la mazwi azokushintsha.