NguJohn LaForge
I-Plutonium yethiwa ngoPluto, “unkulunkulu wezwe elingaphansi,” iHayidesi, noma isihogo. Yakhiwe ngaphakathi kwama-reactors anephutha, yagxilwa, futhi yenziwa ngomshini ososayensi base-US yaba yizikhali ezibhubhisa kakhulu nezesabekayo kuzo zonke izikhali. Izithombe zalokho okwenziwa ibhomu le-plutonium leManhattan Project kubantu eNagasaki kufakazela leli phuzu. Kukhona i-radioactive blowback eqinisweni lokuthi izinkulungwane zamathani e-plutonium adalwe kusukela ngo-1945 kushisa ngendlela eyingozi futhi ihlala isikhathi eside kangangokuthi, njengezwe elingaphansi komhlaba ngokwalo, akekho owaziyo ukuthi liphathwa kanjani - ngaphandle kokuthi mhlawumbe lilula.
Ngethemba ukuthi mhlawumbe ukukhombisa ukuthi ibhomu elivela esihogweni lingaguqulwa lisuke edemoni eliziphindiselelayo, elizilimazayo, eliyingozi, libe yinkosana elungile, ethanda ukuthula, inganekwane, abasakazi benkulumo-ze yenuzi nabangane babo eCongress basungula amapaki etimu yempi yenuzi - ngaphandle kokungcoliswa kwembubhiso enkulu - kumafekthri angaphambili aqhuma amabhomu kanye nezindawo zokwethula izikhali zenuzi ezweni lonke.
Ukuvakasha kunikezwa “e-B Reactor,” endaweni Yokubhuka yase-Hanford e-Washington State okwathi ngo-2008 yamenyezelwa njenge-National Historic Landmark. Ama-reactors okukhiqiza i-plutonium yezikhali zenuzi asetshenziswa ngobudlabha lapho amashumi eminyaka, ekhulula amanzi amaningi akhipha imisebe futhi ebangela ukungcoliswa unomphela kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba manje asongela uMfula i-Columbia—awumboze, awenze indawo oya kuyo.
- Sekusungulwe Indawo Yokuphephela Yezilwane Zasendle e-Rocky Flats, e-Colorado, ngaphandle kwase-Denver, lapho ukwenziwa kwe-plutonium yamabhomu enuzi sekufake ubuthi inqwaba yamakhilomitha-skwele.
- Eduze kwaseFargo, eNyakatho Dakota, i-State Historical Society ithole isikhungo esivaliwe sokulawula ukwethulwa kwemicibisholo i-Minuteman, esiqambe ngokuthi “i-Ronald Reagan Minuteman Missile Site,” futhi yasivulela ezokuvakasha.
- ENingizimu Dakota, isikhungo sokulawula ukwethulwa esesathatha umhlalaphansi manje sesiyiNdawo Yomlando Kazwelonke Ye-Minuteman Missile futhi siqhutshwa yi-National Park Service. Ngobumpumputhe obanele bamabomu - okuthi uma bubhekwa ngokucophelela, buthathwe njengohlobo lokukhulekela kukadeveli - izivakashi zingangena ngaphansi komhlaba futhi zilingise ukwethulwa kwemicibisholo. “USathane ehleka ngokujabula.”
- Ngaphandle kwaseTucson, e-Arizona, ungavakashela i-Titan Missile Museum eyavulwa ngo-1986 futhi yaqokwa njenge-National Historic Landmark ngo-1994.
- E-White Sulfur Springs, eNtshonalanga Virginia, amahora ayisithupha ukusuka eWashington, DC, indawo yokucasha yaseGreenbrier yakhiwe yi-Eisenhower Administration njengendawo yokukhosela yempi yenuzi yabantu abayi-1,000 - okuhlanganisa namalungu eCongress kanye nemindeni yabo. Indlu engaphansi yafika nejeneretha, ukudla kwezinsuku ezingu-60, isibhedlela, ikhishi, igumbi lokudlela, indawo yokulahla imfucuza kanye negumbi lokuhlinzela amazinyo. Vele, ukuhlasela kwenuzi eWashington bekuyokwenza ukuba abantu bangakwazi ukuphuma, isikhumulo sezindiza sibe yincithakalo eshunqayo, nezitimela zingasebenzi. Manje seyivaliwe futhi isibuyiselwe kahle, isayithi lenza imali ngokukhokhisa izivakashi ngokuvakasha.
- Ngo-2011, owayenguNobhala Wezangaphakathi ngaleso sikhathi u-Ken Salazar wancoma kuCongress ukuthi kusungulwe ipaki kazwelonke ezohlonipha iManhattan Project - uhlelo oluyimfihlo amabhomu alo e-athomu abulala abantu abayi-140,000 eHiroshima kanye nabangu-70,000 eNagasaki. Umqondisi Wenkonzo Yepaki Kazwelonke uJonathan Jarvis wathi esimemezelweni sabezindaba, "Uma sekuyimfihlo eqashwe ngokuqinile, indaba yokudalwa kwebhomu le-athomu idinga ukwabiwa nalokhu kanye nezizukulwane ezizayo." UJarvis uhlambalaza ubuhlakani bethu ngokwenza sengathi akanalwazi ngezincwadi eziningi eziphathelene nokuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi ezitholakala kunoma yimuphi umtapo wezincwadi omuhle - umlando osuselwe emibhalweni eyayihlukanisiwe ebhidliza inganekwane esemthethweni kahulumeni - yokuthi iBhomu "yayiqeda impi" futhi " yasindisa izimpilo.”
Lawa mapaki etimu yempi yenuzi ayingxenye yomzamo wamabomu wokululaza izikhali zenuzi kanye nokuthulisa ukuqonda okudumile kwefa lazo lezemvelo nempilo yabantu. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa inganekwane yesihogo ukwenza ukubulawa kwabantu kwangempela okukhulu kangangokuthi ohulumeni bangazamazama, kwakungeyona into enkulu kakhulu ukuthi ososayensi abafanayo balandele i-Hiroshima neNagasaki ngokuhlolwa kwemisebe yabantu eyi-16,000 ezakhamuzini zase-US, izivivinyo zamabhomu asemoyeni ayi-100, ukukhishwa kwenqwaba yabantu ngamabomu. imisebe, ukuncibilika ngamabomu kwe-reactor “yokuhlola-kuya-kungaphumeleli,” kanye nokucwila kolwandle kwamathani emfucumfucu ye-rad nawo wonke ama-navy propulsion reactor. Konke lokhu kunganaki okungenabungozi kuyingozi kakhulu futhi unomphela impilo yomuntu, yezilwane kanye nemvelo, ngoba imisebe emzimbeni ngemithamo enqwabelanayo ihlasela izakhi zofuzo ngokuqhubekayo okuhlukahlukene. Ukukhishwa kwemisebe emikhulu ngama-reactors ezentengiselwano nezindawo zemfucumfucu yenuzi - e-Windscale, e-Chelyabinsk, e-Tomsk, e-Three Mile Island, e-Chernobyl nase-Fukushima, njll. - kubangele ngokuqondile uhlelo lwezikhali zenuzi olwaqala ukwembulwa ngombukiso we- butchery, futhi kamuva lwathengiswa njengelondolo. insipho emphakathini ongenalwazi “njenge-athomu enokuthula” engaletha “ugesi ushibhe kakhulu ukuba ungawulinganisa.” Manje siyazi ukuthi inkathi yenuzi izoletha umthethosivivinywa ongapheli ongenakulinganiswa.
Ngenyanga edlule, sibonga kakhulu kumaSenenja ezikhali zenuzi athi iTennessee naseNew Mexico, iManhattan Project National Historical Park yagunyazwa ngokusemthethweni. Okuxakayo ukuthi, iziza ezintathu ezihlongozwayo zaleli “paki” ziyizingxenye eziyimfihlo ze-Oak Ridge National Lab e-Tenn., ngaphandle kwemingcele emphakathini.
Uma kubhekwa iqiniso lokuthi ukuqhuma kwamabhomu e-athomu e-Manhattan Project emadolobheni aseJapane kwakungekona nje okungadingekile kodwa kwakwaziwa kusengaphambili ukuthi akudingekile, i-United States kufanele ixolise ngokusemthethweni izisulu nabasindile eJapane, futhi izibuyisele kubo, hhayi ukutusa ukuhlela, ukulungiselela kanye nomsebenzi wokucekela phansi okukhulu.
- UJohn LaForge usebenzela iNukewatch, iqembu elibheka izinuzi zenuzi eWisconsin, uhlela incwajana yalo yekota, futhi uhlanganiswe PeaceVoice.
