Le yeyona nto isemva kweNyukliya yaseNyakatho Korea

NguBruce Cumings, Wesizwe.

DU-onald Trump wayenesidlo sangokuhlwa e-Mar-a-Lago kunye neNkulumbuso yaseJapan uShinzo Abe nge-11 kaFebruwari xa kwafika umyalezo phakathi kwesidlo, ngoncedo lwePyongyang: INorth Korea yayisandula ukuvavanya umjukujelwa omtsha, oqinileyo, ophakathi, ophakathi, ugxothwe kwiselula-kwaye ke kunzima ukuyibona-isiqalisi. Umongameli wakhupha umnxeba wakhe we-1990s kwaye waxoxa ngesi siganeko phambi kwabantu abohlukeneyo ababehleli ezindlebeni. Omnye waba batyeleli, uRichard DeAgazio, wayene-agog ngokufanelekileyo ekungenisweni kwesi siganeko sinzima, ethumela la mazwi alandelayo kwiphepha lakhe likaFacebook: “INCWADI ENGCWELE!!! Bekumnandi ukubukela inkitha yabantu kwisidlo sangokuhlwa xa iindaba zokuba iNorth Korea ikhuphe umjukujelwa ngakwicala laseJapan. ”

Ngokwenyani, lo mjukujelwa wawujolise ngqo eMar-a-Lago, ngokufuziselayo. Ibiyinto yokunqwala embalini ekungekho simithombo yeendaba yaseMelika yasibambayo: “Inkulumbuso uShinzo,” njengoko uTrump embiza njalo, ngumzukulwana kaNobusuke Kishi, owayesakuba yinkulumbuso yaseJapan owayehlonelwa nguAbe. UNobusuke wathathwa njengolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe “lodidi A” ngabasemagunyeni base-US emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kwaye wayeqhuba imveliso yezixhobo eManchuria ngeminyaka yoo-1930, xa uGen. Hideki Tojo wayeyintshatsheli apho. UKim Il-sung, ohlonitshwa ngumzukulwana wakhe uKim Jong-un, wayesilwa namaJapan ngaxeshanye nakwindawo enye.

Njengoko ndibhalele le magazini ngoJanuwari 2016, abantu baseNyakatho Korea bamele bamangaliswe kukufumanisa ukuba iinkokeli zase-US azizange zibonakale zingayiqondi into ethethwa yimbali yazo. Okucaphukisa nangakumbi kukwala kweWashington ngokungenakuphikiswa ukuphanda imbali yethu yeminyaka engama-72 yongquzulwano noMntla; onke amajelo ethu eendaba abonakala ephila kwisipho sanaphakade, ngentlekele nganye entsha ephathwa njenge-sui generis. Ukutyelela iSeoul ngo-Matshi, uNobhala kaRhulumente u-Rex Tillerson waqinisekisa ukuba iNorth Korea inembali yokuphula isivumelwano esinye emva kwesinye; eneneni, uMongameli uBill Clinton wayifumana ukuba imkhenkceze imveliso yeplutonium iminyaka esibhozo (1994-2002) kwaye, ngo-Okthobha ka-2000, uye wasebenza ngokungangqalanga isivumelwano sokuthenga yonke imijukujelwa yayo yoluhlu oluphakathi kunye nolude. UClinton naye watyikitya isivumelwano kunye no-Gen. Jo Myong-rok echaza ukuba ukususela ngoku, akukho lizwe liya kuthwala "injongo yobutshaba" kwelinye.

Ulawulo lukaBush aluzange luzihoye ngokukhawuleza izivumelwano zombini kwaye lwazimisela ukutshabalalisa umkhenkce ka-1994. Ukuhlasela kukaBush eIraq ngokufanelekileyo kubonwa njengentlekele yembali yehlabathi, kodwa ngokulandelayo kumgca uya kubeka iNorth Korea “kwindlela yobubi” kwaye, ngoSeptemba 2002, ibhengeza imfundiso yakhe “yokuhlangula” ejoliswe eIraq naseNyakatho Korea, phakathi abanye. Inyaniso elula kukuba iPyongyang ayinakuba nezixhobo zenyukliya ukuba izivumelwano zikaClinton bezigcinwe.

Ngoku kufika uDonald Trump, eqhuma kwindawo yaseBeltway apho, kwiinyanga zamva nje, isivumelwano se-bipartisan siye savela ngokusekelwe kwingcamango yobuxoki yokuba zonke iinzame zangaphambili zokubuyisela inkqubo yenyukliya yaseNyakatho ziye zasilela, ngoko kunokuba lixesha lokusebenzisa amandla. ukutshabalalisa imijukujelwa yayo okanye ukubhukuqa ulawulo. NgoSeptemba ophelileyo, iBhunga eliyintloko kuBudlelwane baNgaphandle lakhupha ingxelo ethi “izenzo ezingakumbi zomkhosi nezobupolitika ezingqongqo zifanele ziqwalaselwe, “kuquka nezo zibubeka esichengeni ubukho bolawulo [lokuMntla Korea].” UTillerson ulumkise ngenyathelo lokuqala kuhambo lwakhe lwaseMpuma Asia, kwaye owayesakuba ligosa lika-Obama, uAntony Blinken, wabhala The New York Times ukuba "into ephambili" kulawulo lukaTrump kufuneka isebenze neTshayina kunye noMzantsi Korea "ukukhusela izixhobo zenyukliya zaseNyakatho" kwimeko "yenguqu yolawulo." Kodwa iNorth Korea kuthiwa ineendawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezimalunga ne-15,000 zokhuseleko lwesizwe. Kuyaphambana ukucinga ukuba iiMarines zilandela ilizwe kwilizwe liphela “zokukhangela kwaye zikhuselekile”, ukanti ulawulo lukaBush no-Obama lwalunezicwangciso zokwenza kanye loo nto. U-Obama uphinde wabaleka imfazwe ye-cyber eyimfihlo kakhulu eNyakatho iminyaka, efuna ukosulela kunye nokuphazamisa inkqubo yayo ye-missile. Ukuba iNorth Korea isenze loo nto, inokuthi ithathwe njengesenzo semfazwe.

Ngomhla we-8 kaNovemba ka-2016, malunga ne-66 yezigidi zabavoti bakaHillary Clinton bafumana isifundo "kubuqhetseba bembali" bukaHegel. Isifundo esikhulu silindele uDonald Trump, ukuba angahlasela iNorth Korea. Inomkhosi wesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni, uninzi njenge-200,000 imikhosi ekhethekileyo eqeqeshwe kakhulu, i-10,000 yezixhobo ze-artillery ezintabeni ezisemantla eSeoul, imijukujelwa ehambayo enokubetha zonke iziseko zomkhosi waseMelika kummandla (kukho amakhulu), kunye nenyukliya. izixhobo ezinamandla ngokuphindwe kabini kunebhombu yaseHiroshima (ngokoqikelelo olutsha ngokweenkcukacha ezininzi Maxesha uphononongo lukaDavid Sanger noWilliam Broad) .Okthobha uphelileyo, ndandikwiforam eSeoul kunye noStrobe Talbott, owayesakuba ngusekela-nobhala welizwe kuBill Clinton. Njengaye wonke umntu, uTalbott uye waqinisekisa ukuba iNorth Korea inokuba yeyona ngxaki iphambili yokhuseleko kumongameli olandelayo. Kumazwi am, ndikhankanye ingcaciso kaRobert McNamara, kuxwebhu olugqwesileyo luka-Errol Morris. Inkungu yeMfazwe, ngokoyiswa kwethu eVietnam: Asizange sizibeke kwizihlangu zotshaba size sizame ukulibona ihlabathi ngendlela abalenza ngayo. UTalbott wadanduluka wathi, “Lulawulo olumasikizi olu!” Unayo: Yingxaki yethu yokuqala, kodwa imbi kakhulu kangangokuba akukho sizathu sokuzama ukuqonda imbono kaPyongyang (okanye nokuba inokuba neenkxalabo ezisebenzayo). INorth Korea kuphela kwelizwe emhlabeni eliye latyholwa ngokucwangcisiweyo zizixhobo zenyukliya zase-US zibuyela kwiminyaka yoo-1950, xa kwafakwa amakhulu ee-nukes eMzantsi Korea. Ndibhale okuninzi malunga noku kula maphepha nakwi I-Bulletin ye-Atomic Scientists. Kutheni emhlabeni bekuya kuPyongyang hayi ufuna into yokuthintela inyukliya? Kodwa le mvelaphi ibalulekileyo ayingeni kwintetho eqhelekileyo yaseMelika. Imbali ayinamsebenzi, ide ibe njalo-xa iphakama kwaye ikubethe ebusweni.

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UBruce Cumings ufundisa kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago kwaye ungumbhali we Imfazwe yaseKorea (I-Random House, 2010).