Kutheni le nto ukujikela iMfazwe kungaquki ukuvuma ukuba ngubani owayelungile ngalo lonke ixesha?

NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Agasti 19, 2023

Inxalenye engcono yonyaka kwisigaba sangoku semfazwe e-Ukraine, uGeneral Mark Milley ngempazamo wachaza ukuba iingxoxo zoxolo zinokuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo kwimfazwe engapheliyo yegazi kwiziphumo ezifanayo. Ngoku iya yamkeleka ngakumbi eWashington, DC, ukuya ngokungaziwa hlebeza ukuba unyanisile. Kodwa siphila ubomi obukude nokuba siyamkeleka ukuba sikhankanye ukuba wonke umthetheleli woxolo oseMhlabeni wayevakalise olo luvo ngokuphandle nangokucacileyo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambili. Ayikamkeleki ukuvuma ukuba ngubani owayenyanisile malunga naziphi na iimfazwe ezidlulileyo. Imfazwe yaseKorea iza engqondweni njengento eyonakalisa kakhulu. Abantu abahlakaniphileyo baqikelele ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ekuqaleni kodwa abazange baphulaphulwa nakancinci kwiminyaka emva kokuba izigidi zabulawa ngabo banobomi obubalulekileyo, apho amashumi amawaka "aya kufa ngenxa yeqhina."

Njengoko sibetha i-1.5-year point kwintlekele ekhoyo e-Ukraine - kunye nezinye iimfazwe, ezinkulu kunye ezincinci, ziqhubela phambili ngaphandle kokuphela - ii-polls ziqala ukwenza oko zihlala zenza. Nge-Afghanistan kunye ne-Iraq, emva kweli xesha elininzi uqale ukuba uninzi lwase-US lubhengeze ukuba iimfazwe azizange ziqalwe. Nge-Ukraine, oku kubonisa amandla athile okukhathalela (abamhlophe) abantu abangekho e-United States, kodwa ngakumbi ukukwazi ukuqaphela ukuba iimfazwe kunye nemikhosi zibiza imali. Oko kusenobungqina bempumelelo ebaluleke kakhulu. Nge-Afghanistan kunye ne-Iraq, ii-poll zibonise, iminyaka, uninzi olunamandla omabini aqinisekileyo ukuba imfazwe ababeyivuyela kwaye bavuthulule kwaye bakhale ngengasoze yenzeke kwaye bayathandabuza ukuyiphelisa. Oku ikakhulu kwakusisiphumo semfundiso ye-troopism: Uze ubulale amajoni amaninzi ukuze ungabi sele ubulele umkhosi ngelize. Kodwa ngeUkraine, zizixhobo (okanye, kwingxelo yeendaba ezilahlekisayo, iidola) ezithunyelwayo, hayi imikhosi. Akukho mntu uceba ukuthumela ezinye izixhobo ngenxa yezixhobo esele zithunyelwe. Ke, kukho ithuba lokuba uluntu lwase-US lujike ngokwenene le mfazwe ngokukhawuleza. (Ewe luluntu lolunye ukwakheka kweqela, ke kuya kufuneka sibone ukuba kuthetha ukuthini oko.)

Xa uluntu lujikela imfazwe, amajelo eendaba aqala ukukhangela amazwi obulumko. La ngamazwi abantu abathe baxhasa imfazwe eyintlekele emva koloyiko olulusizi emva kokuphulukana ne-debacle amashumi eminyaka kodwa abaye baphawula malunga nogcino oluthile abanokuba banalo ngale mfazwe. Mhlawumbi badanduluka ngengozi into ethile malunga neendleko zemali phambi kwentatheli, okanye babeka igama labo kwingxelo kwitanki elinuka ngezixhobo ezixhaswe ngezixhobo malunga nokubaluleka okukhulu kokucwangcisa imfazwe eTshayina, okanye nantoni na. Namhlanje unabantu abakhankasela iCongress ngokungenazintloni kwiirekhodi zabo zokunceda ukutshabalalisa i-Iraq kunye nokubulala i-Iraqis eyisigidi. Kwaye esinye isizathu sokuba akukaze kuvume ukuvunywa kwabantu abaninzi ababechanekile malunga nemfazwe ngaphambi kokuba iqale, okanye uninzi lwabavoti abathi ngo-2006 bathi bavotela ukuphelisa loo mfazwe kodwa bagqibela ngokunyula iDemokhrasi. ICongress eyandisa imfazwe endaweni yoko.

Ewe kunjalo, bekukho abantu ngaphakathi kwiziko lomkhosi abavuma ngasese (kodwa hayi ngasese) ukuba "ukuqhambuka" e-Iraq bekungayi kufezekisa iinjongo zayo, kwaye kubonise iingxaki ngemfazwe ukusuka ngaphambi komhla wokuqala-awuze ube neengxaki zokuziphatha. kunjalo, kodwa iingxaki zokwenyani nezichanekileyo nezicace gca ngemisebenzi yangaphandle. Kwaye ewe bekukho abantu macala omabini emfazwe yangoku e-Ukraine ngasese (kodwa ngokuvuza) bebonisa ukuba akukho luloyiso kumacala omabini. Esinye sezizathu zokuba abaphembeleli boxolo babe ne-streak emangalisayo yokuchaneka kukuba bajonga ukuba imikhosi ihlebeza kwaye ivuza, kunokuba bakholelwe i-hype engenakwenzeka. Kodwa kumajelo eendaba “kuyilo lokuqala lwembali” wonke umntu okrelekrele ophilayo ufanele ukuba uyawakholelwa amabali azizidenge malunga noloyiso olukhawulezayo, ukuze uMilley ngempazamo athethe indawo ethe cwaka ngokuvakalayo akuqondwa njengokuthetha nje into engavumelekanga kodwa njengokuba eneneni efumana ukuqonda okukhethekileyo. Ingxaki iingqondi zehlabathi bezisilela ngokubanzi ukuyiqonda.

Kodwa abantu abafumana iimfazwe ngokufanelekileyo emva kwexesha emva kwexesha abakwenzi nje ngokuvuma ukuthetha oko inkqubo yonxibelelwano yenkampani eyalelayo, kodwa nangokuqwalasela izinto ezingaphandle kwemali enokwenziwa kwizixhobo, zingaphi iivoti ezinokufunyanwa. ukusuka kwi-machismo, zingaphi udliwano-ndlebe olunokuthi luqokelelwe yi-rhetoric yexesha lemfazwe, okanye nokuba mingaphi iminyaka kunye nemizimba eya kufuneka ukufezekisa injongo ethile. Ezinye izinto ezihlala ziqwalaselwe ziquka ukonyuka komngcipheko we-apocalypse yenyukliya, ukurhwebeshana kwezemali, imiqobo edalwe kwintsebenziswano yehlabathi kwiingxaki ezingezizo ezokuzikhethela, ukutshatyalaliswa kwemekobume, ukonakaliswa kwezopolitiko noluntu ekhaya, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo namathuba okusombulula ngaphandle kokubulala. , ngemiphumo elunge ngakumbi enokubakho ngaphambi kokufa nentshabalalo engakumbi nobukrakra nokwakhiwa kokusasazwa kobuxoki macala omabini.

Ndiye ndafunda incwadi entsha ebizwa Ilizwe Lam Lihlabathi, ingqokelela yeentetho kunye nodliwano-ndlebe kunye namanqaku kaStaughton Lynd. Nanku umntu owayelungile malunga nemfazwe yaseVietnam ngaphambi, ngexesha, nangemva. Kwaye njengomvuzo wagxothwa kwiziko lemfundo kwaye wacinywa. Kwiminyaka ethile ngeminyaka yee-1960 wayekwazi ukufumana ilizwi kumaphephandaba nakumabonakude wequmrhu. Ushicilelo kwincwadi yengxoxo-mpikiswano noWilliam F. Buckley lutshintshiselwano lweembono zehlabathi eziphikisanayo ezingazange zenzeke kwimidiya yase-US namhlanje - kungekhona ngenxa yokuba "amacala amabini" azimele, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iimbono zikaBuckley ngoku zisekwe kakuhle njengemibono enokwenzeka kuphela. ngayo yonke imithombo yeendaba ngemali.

Kwi-biography entsha ka-Jonathan Eig kaMartin Luther King, kukho inxalenye, kufuphi nesiphelo, apho abanye abahlobo bakaKumkani kunye namahlakani bacaphukile ukuba uzimisele kangakanani ukuchasana nesiluleko sabo bonke, ukanti uxhalabile kangakanani. bangabakholisi abanye. Xa uKumkani efuna ukugcina idinga kunye noStaughton Lynd, uBayard Rustin uyamemeza "Ngubani isihogo uStaughton Lynd?" Ilizwe lonke elimdaka linokubuza oko. Ngokuqinisekileyo akangomntu oneholide yesizwe, iincwadi zabantwana, amatye ezikhumbuzo, njalo njalo. Kodwa, lungisa iinkcukacha, kwaye ungumntu osele ethethe ngobuchule kwimfazwe elandelayo iPentagon eza nayo. Ungomnye wamawaka esimele ukuba sibuza ngawo, ngokunzulu, kwaye ngenjongo yokuzifundisa: ngoobani isihogo?