Ishicilelwe kwintambo ye-Winter 2001 / 2002 ye-YE! Umagazini

Ukuba uyayazi nje ngembali encinci njengoko ndenzayo, kunzima ukungathandabuzeki ukuphumelela kwemfazwe yanamhlanje njengesisombululo kunoma yintoni ingxaki ngaphandle kweyokubuyisela-"ubulungisa" bokutshintshisa umonakalo omnye komnye.

Abaxhasi bezemfazwe baya kugxininisa ukuba imfazwe iphendula ingxaki yesizwe sokuzikhusela. Kodwa ukungathandabuzeki, ekuphenduleni, kuya kubuza ukuba yintoni na iindleko zempi ephumeleleyo yokukhusela ilizwe-empilweni, imali, izinto, ukutya, impilo, kwaye (ngokuqinisekileyo) inkululeko-inokulingana nokutshatyalaliswa kwelizwe. Ukhuselo lweSizwe ngemfazwe luhlala lubandakanya ukulingana kwelizwe. Le ngxakatho iye yahlala nathi kwasekuqaleni kweRiphablikhi yethu. Ulwalamano ekukhuseleni inkululeko luyanciphisa inkululeko yabalindi. Kukho ukungqinelani okubalulekileyo phakathi kwemfazwe nenkululeko.

Kwimfazwe yanamhlanje, balwa nezixhobo zanamhlanje kunye neli nqanaba lamanje, akukho cala lingakwazi ukukhawulela "utshaba" umonakalo owenzayo. Ezi mpi ziwonakalisa umhlaba. Siyazi ngokwaneleyo ngoku ukuba uyazi ukuba ungonakali inxalenye yehlabathi ngaphandle kokulimaza konke. Imfazwe yanamhlanje ayizange yenze ukuba kube nzima ukubulala "amaqhawe" ngaphandle kokubulala "abangabambisani," uye wenza ukuba akunakonakalisa intshaba yakho ngaphandle kokulimaza.

Abaninzi baye bacinga ukuba ukungavumeleki okwandayo kweemfazwe zanamhlanje kuboniswa ngolwimi lwentetho ejikelezileyo. Iimfazwe zanamhlanje ziye zalwa ukulwa nempi; baye balwa egameni loxolo. Izixhobo zethu ezimbi kakhulu zenziwe, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukugcina nokuqinisekisa uxolo lwehlabathi. "Sonke sifuna uxolo," sisithi njengoko sikhula ngokungapheliyo amandla ethu okulwa.

Kodwa ekupheleni kwekhulu apho siye silwa imfazwe ezimbini ukuphelisa imfazwe kunye nokunye okuninzi ukukhusela imfazwe nokugcina uxolo, kwaye inkqubela phambili yesayensi kunye nezobuchwephesha eyenziwe yimfazwe ibe yinto ekhohlakeleyo kwaye ingalawulekiyo, sisengumgaqo-nkqubo, anika ingqwalasela kwiindlela ezingenakuphulukiswa kweendlela zokukhusela zikazwelonke. Ngokuqinisekileyo senza ezininzi zezidibaniselwano kunye nobudlelwane bezobudlelwane, kodwa nge-diplomacy sithetha ngokugqithiseleyo iziqulatho zoxolo ezixhaswa yingozi yokulwa. Kuhlala kuqondwa ukuba sikulungele ukubulala abo "sixoxisana ngokuthula."

Inkulungwane yethu yemfazwe, ukulwa nempi kunye nezopolitiko zivelise uxolo lwenene, kwaye phakathi kwabo uMohandas Gandhi kunye noMartin Luther King, Jr., ziimpawu eziphambili. Impumelelo enkulu abayifumayo ifakazela ubukho, phakathi kobundlobongela, umnqweno owenene woxolo kwaye, kubaluleke ngakumbi, ukuqinisekiswa kuya kwenza ukuba kwenziwe imibingelelo efunekayo. Kodwa ngoku u rhu lumente wethu uxanduva, aba bantu kunye nezobukhulu kunye nokuqinisekisile ukufezekiswa kwazo kungenzeka ukuba akuzange kube khona. Ukufezekisa uxolo ngeendlela ezixolobileyo akusikho iinjongo zethu. Sinyamezela kwingqungquthela engathembeki yokwenza uxolo ngokulwa.

Oko kuthetha ukuba sinamathele ebomini bethu bobukhohlakali kwi-hypocrisy enobubi. Ngekhulu leminyaka yezobudlova behlabathi kunye nabantu, kunye nxamnye neyendalo kunye nenkcubeko ye-Commonwealth, ubunyulu buye bukhunjulwe ngenxa yokuba ukuchasana nobudlova kuye kwakhethwa okanye kuyimfashini. Abanye bethu bavuma ukuhlawula isabelo-mali sethu sezempi kunye nolwazo lwethu lokulondoloza uxolo luye lugxeke "ubudlova basekhaya" kwaye bacinge ukuba uluntu lwethu luya kugxininiswa "nokulawulwa kwezibhamu." Abanye bethu banxamnye nezohlwayo ezinkulu kodwa ukukhipha isisu. Abanye bethu bachasene nokukhipha isisu kodwa sihlwaywe.

Omnye akafanele azi kangako okanye acinge kakhulu ukuze abone ukungazi kakuhle kokuziphatha esiye samisela amashishini ethu ogunyaziwe. Ukukhipha isisu-njengokuzalwa-kulawulo kulungelel 'njengelungelo,' elinokuzimelela kuphela ngokukhanyela onke amalungelo omnye umntu, eyona nto inomdla wokulwa. Ijehliso esiyinkunzi sisichukumisa sonke kwisilinganiselo esifanayo sokubambisana, apho isenzo sobugonyamelo siphendulwa esinye isenzo sobundlobongela.

Yiyiphi imigaqo yezizathu ezingamthobeliyo yinyaniso-eyomekwe yimbali yeentlonelo, ingabi yodwa imbali yemfazwe-ukuba ulwalamlo olwenza ubundlobongela. Imisebenzi yobundlobongela eyenziwa "kubulungisa" okanye ekuqinisekiseni "amalungelo" okanye ekukhuseleni "uxolo" akupheli ugonyamelo. Balungiselela kwaye baqikelele ukuqhubeka kwayo.

Inkolelo eyingozi kunazo zonke zamacandelo obundlobongela yimbono yokuba utywala ubundlobongela buyakwazi ukukhusela okanye ukulawula ugonyamelo olungenakuqhathaniswa. Kodwa ukuba ubundlobongela "buchanekileyo" kwimeko enye njengoko ichongiwe nguRhulumente, kutheni kungabi njalo "kulungile" kwelinye ixesha, njengoko kumiselwe ngumntu? Uluntu olunokuthi ulungele isigwebo sentyala kunye nemfazwe luthintela njani izilungiso zalo ukuba zandiswe ekubulaleni nasekukhuseleni? Ukuba urhulumente ubona ukuba ezinye iimbangela zibaluleke kakhulu ukulungiselela ukubulawa kwabantwana, ingaba njani nethemba lokuthintela ukusabalala kweengcamango zayo eziza kubemi bayo-okanye kubantwana bemihlali?

Ukuba sinika ezi zinto zingenanto zokungabikho kobukhulu bobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe, sivelisa, ngokungaqinisekanga, ezinye izinto ezingenangqondo. Yintoni enokuba yinto engafanelekanga, ukuqala, kunokuba sibe nesimo sengqondo sokuziphatha kakubi ngokumelene nezinye iintlanga ngokuvelisa izixhobo ezifanayo esizenzayo? Ukwahlukana, njengoko iinkokeli zethu zithetha, kukuba siya kusebenzisa ezi zixhobo ngokufanelekileyo, kanti iintshaba zethu ziya kuzisebenzisa kakubi-isiluleko esenza ngokukhawuleza sivumelane nesiphakamiso esincinci kakhulu: siya kuzisebenzisa ngethuba lethu, ngelixa iintshaba zethu baya kuzisebenzisa zabo.

Okanye simele sithi, ubuncinane, ukuba imbambano yobubele kwimfazwe yinto engabonakaliyo, ingenangqondo kunye nokukhathazeka njengo-Abraham Lincoln efunyenwe ukuba ngumcimbi wokuthandaza kwimfazwe: "Bobabini [uMntla noMzantsi] bafunde iBhayibhile efanayo, kwaye sithandaze kuThixo omnye, kwaye ngamnye ucela uncedo lwakhe ngomnye ... Imithandazo yobabini ayinakuphendulwa - leyo ayiyi kuphendulwa ngokupheleleyo. "

Iimfazwe zaseMerika zakutsha nje, ekubeni "zizwe" kwaye "zilinganiselwe," ziye zalwa ngokucinga ukuba akukho mfuneko encinci okanye akukho mnikelo. Kwiimfazwe "zangaphandle," asiyikujongana ngqo nomonakalo esiwenzayo kwiintshaba. Siva kwaye sibona umonakalo ochazwe kwiindaba, kodwa asichaphazeli. Le mfazwe, "iimfazwe" zamanye amazwe zifuna ukuba abanye abantu bethu abatsha babulawe okanye bakhubazeke, kwaye ezinye iintsapho zimele zibuhlungu, kodwa ezi "zintlupheko" zisasazeka ngokubanzi phakathi kwabantu bethu ngokungabonakali.

Ngaphandle koko, asizive sizibandakanye. Sihlawula irhafu ukuze sikwazi ukuxhasa imfazwe, kodwa ayikho into emitsha, kuba sihlawula irhafu yemfazwe ngexesha lo "uxolo." Asinako ukusilela, asikhathazeki, siyaxinezeleka. Sifumana, siboleka, sichitha, kwaye siyidla ngexesha lokulwa njengokuba kuxolo.

Kwaye akukho nantoni efunekayo kuloo mfuno enkulu yezoqoqosho ezo ngoku ngokuyinhloko zakha uqoqosho lwethu. Akukho nkampani kuya kufuneka ukuba ingenise kunoma yimuphi umda okanye ukunikela idola. Ngokuphambene noko, imfazwe yonyango olukhulu-lonke kunye nethuba loqoqosho lwethu loqoqosho, oluqhubekayo kwaye lukhula kwimfazwe. Imfazwe iphelile ukuCaluleka okukhulu kwe-1930s, kwaye siye sigcina uqoqosho lwezoqoqosho-uqoqosho, umntu unokuthetha ngokuchanekileyo, ngobundlobongela obuqhelekileyo-ukususela apho, ukunikela ngumbingelelo obutyebi obukhulu kunye nobutyebi bezinto eziphilayo, kuquka, njengamaxhoba athile, abalimi kunye nokusebenza kwimboni.

Kwaye iindleko ezinkulu zibandakanya ukulungiswa kwethu kwimfazwe, kodwa iindleko "ziphuma ngaphandle" njenge "ilahleko ezamkelekileyo." Yaye sibona indlela inkqubela phambili kwimfazwe, inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, kunye nenkqubela phambili kwezoqoqosho zoshishino ziyafana- okanye, kaninzi, zifana nje.

Amazwe angamaRoma, okubhekiselele kubalandeli abaninzi beemfazwe, bahlala bethetha kwiintetho zabo zoluntu ngeemathematika okanye ingxelo yokulwa kwemfazwe. Ngaloo ndlela kubandezeleka kwiMfazwe Yomphakathi, uMntla kuthiwa "uhlawulelwe" ukukhululwa kwamakhoboka kunye nokulondolozwa kweManyano. Ngaloo ndlela sinokuthetha ngokukhulula kwethu njengokuba "kuthengwa" ngokuchithwa kwegazi kwabazalwana. Ndiyazi ngokupheleleyo inyaniso kwiingxelo ezinjalo. Ndiyazi ukuba ndingomnye wabaninzi abaye bazuza kwimibingelelo ebuhlungu eyenziwa ngabanye abantu, kwaye andingathandi ukuba ndingabi nabulelo. Ngaphezu koko, ndingumntanami kwaye ndiyazi ukuba ixesha liza kuthi nawuphi na kuthi xa sifanele senze imibingelelo enzulu ngenxa yenkululeko-into eqinisekisiwe yimivuzo kaGandhi noKumkani.

Kodwa ke ndiyakrokrela lolu hlobo lokuphendula. Ngesinye sezizathu, oko kuyenziwa ngokuphilisa egameni labafileyo. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba kufuneka siqaphele ngokumkeleka ngokulula, okanye ngokubonga kakhulu, imibingelelo eyenziwa ngabanye, ngakumbi ukuba asizenzele thina. Ngesizathu esithile, nangona iinkokeli zethu ekulweni zisoloko zicinga ukuba kukho ixabiso elamkelekileyo, akukho nxalenye echazwe ngaphambili. Ixabiso elimkelekileyo, ekugqibeleni, yinto ehlawulwayo.

Kulula ukubona ukufana phakathi kwale mali yexabiso lemfazwe kunye neendleko zethu eziqhelekileyo "kwindleko yenkqubela phambili." Kubonakala ngathi sivumile ukuba nayiphi na into ekhoyo (okanye iya kuhlawulwa) ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubela phambili iyamkeleka xabiso. Ukuba eli xabiso liquka ukunciphisa ubumfihlo kunye nokwanda kwirekhodi likaRhulumente, makube njalo. Ukuba kuthetha ukunciphisa okukhulu kwinani lamashishini amancinci kunye nokutshatyalaliswa okwenene kwabantu basefama, makube njalo. Ukuba kuthetha ukutshabalaliswa kwemimandla yonke ngamashishini acacisayo, makube njalo. Ukuba kuthetha ukuba abantu abancinci bamele babe neebhiliyoni ezininzi zobuncwane kunokuba bezo zonke ihlabathi lihlwempuzekileyo, oko makube njalo.

Kodwa masibe nesibongo sokuvuma ukuba into esiyibiza ngokuthi "uqoqosho" okanye "imarike yamahhala" yinto engaphantsi kwaye ingabonakaliyo kwimfazwe. Phantse kwisiqingatha sekhulu elidlulileyo, sinexhala malunga nokunqoba kwehlabathi ngamazwe ngamazwe. Ngoku ngoku kungakhathazeki kangako (ukude ngoku) sibona ukunqotshwa kwehlabathi ngamazwe ngamazwe.

Nangona iinjongo zezopolitiko zizinzileyo (kude kube ngoku) kunezo zobukhomanisi, le nkqubela-mali esanda kutshatyalaliswa kwamanye amazwe ingangqina ngakumbi nakwezinye iinkcubeko kunye noluntu, inkululeko kunye nemvelo. Ukutyekela kwayo kufana nokulawula nokulawula. Ukujamelana nokuloyisa, ukuvunyelwana kunye nokuvunyelwa yizivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe, akukho ndawo kwaye akukho nxaxheba kwilizwe elingazijonga ngokukhuselekileyo kwindlela ethile yokuphangwa. Abantu abaninzi ngakumbi emhlabeni wonke bayaqonda ukuba oku kunjalo, kwaye bathi ukutshatyalaliswa kwehlabathi kwanaluphi na uhlobo olubi, ixesha.

Benza okungaphezulu koko. Batsho ukuba ukunqotshwa kwendawo kwangekho kakubi, kwaye naphi apho kwenzeka khona abantu basekuhlaleni badibanisa ndawonye. Kukho lonke elaseKentucky le nkcaso ikhula-ukusuka entshonalanga, apho abantu abathunjiweyo beLizwe phakathi kwamaLwandle bazama ukugcina ilizwe labo bevela kwiindawo zokungcola ngokusesikweni, empuma, apho abantu basekuhlaleni behlala bekhula ukugcina umhlaba wabo kwintshabalalo ngamashishini angabikho.

Ukuba noqoqosho olufana nolwemfazwe, olujolise ekunqobeni kwaye olubhubhisa phantse yonke into exhomekeke kuyo, ukungabi nantoni kwintlalo yemvelo okanye yoluntu loluntu, akunangqondo ngokwaneleyo. Kuyinto engacacanga ngakumbi ukuba olu qoqosho, olunezinye iinkalo kakhulu kumashishini ethu nakwiinkqubo zethu zempi, ngokuphathelele kwezinye izinto eziphambene nxamnye nenjongo yethu yokuzikhusela.

Kubonakala kunengqiqo, nje kuphela, ukucinga ukuba iprogram enkulu yokulungiselela ukukhusela uzwelonke kufuneka isungulwe okokuqala kwimimiselo yolawulo lokuzimela kwezoqoqosho. Uhlanga oluzimisele ukuzikhusela kunye nenkululeko yalo kufuneka lukulungele, kwaye luhlala lukulungiselela, luhlala kwimithombo yalo kunye nomsebenzi kunye nezakhono zabantu. Kodwa oko akusikho esikwenzayo e-United States namhlanje. Oko sikwenzayo kukwahlukana ngendlela ekhohlakeleyo yendalo kunye nezibonelelo zoluntu zesizwe.

Okwangoku, ekubhekaneni nemithombo engapheliyo yamandla ombane, asinalo mgaqo-nkqubo we-energy, nokuba ulondolozo okanye ukuphuhliswa kwemithombo ekhuselekileyo necocekileyo. Okwangoku, umgaqo wethu wamandla nje ukusebenzisa konke esinakho. Ngaphezu koko, ebantwini banda abantu abafuna ukutya, asinayo ipolisi yokulondolozwa komhlaba kwaye akukho mgaqo wemponzo kubaphambili bokutya. Umgaqo-nkqubo wethu wezolimo kukusebenzisa yonke into esinayo, ngelixa kuxhomekeke ngokunyuka kokutya, amandla, iteknoloji kunye nabasebenzi.

Leyo imimiselo emibili nje kuphela yokungakhathaleli kwethu kwiimfuno zethu. Ngaloo ndlela sichaza ukuphikisana okunobungozi phakathi kobuzwe bethu bokulwa nobuhlanga kunye ne-espousal yethu yamazwe ngamazwe "kwiimarike zamahhala". Singabaleka njani kule ngqiqo?

Andicingi ukuba kukho impendulo elula. Kucacile ukuba, asiyi kuphanga xa sithatha ukunakekelwa ngakumbi kwezinto. Singaba sisicatshulwa esincinci xa sisekele iipolisi zethu zomphakathi ngokuchazwa ngokunyanisekileyo kweemfuno zethu kunye neengxaki zethu, kunokuba zichazwe ngento enqwenelekayo yezifiso zethu. Singaba ngongenangqondo ukuba iinkokeli zethu ziza kuthathwa ngolu hlobo lukholo oluthembekileyo kwiindlela ezinobungqingili.

Izinto ezinjalo zilula ukuthetha, kodwa silahliwe, mhlawumbi ngokwemveli kunye nakwezinye izinto, ukusixazulula iingxaki zethu ngogonyamelo, kwanokuba sinandipha ukwenza njalo. Kwaye ngoku ngoku sonke sonke kufuneka sikhankanywe ukuba ilungelo lethu lokuhlala, ukukhululeka, nokuba nokuthula alinakuqinisekiswa naluphina isenzo sobundlobongela. Inokuqinisekiswa kuphela ngokuzimisela ukuba bonke abantu bafanele baphile, bakhululeke, kwaye babe noxolo-nangokuzimisela ukusebenzisa okanye ukunikela ubomi bethu ukwenza oko kunokwenzeka. Ukungakwazi ukukwazi ukuzimisela nje kukuziyeka phantsi kokungaziqondi kwethu; kwaye ke, ukuba unjengam, awuqinisekanga ukuba ungakwazi kangakanani.

Nantsi enye umbuzo endikukhokele kuyo, enye inzima yempikiswano yamanqwanamhlanje kuthi: Bangaphi abantu abaswelekileyo kubantwana babantu ngokubetha okanye ngokulambalala sizimisele ukuwamkela ukuze sikhululeke, sibe nempumelelo kwaye (ekuthiwa) ngoxolo? Kulo mbuzo ndiphendula: Akukho. Nceda, akukho bantwana. Musa ukubulala nabantwana ngenxa yam inzuzo.

Ukuba oko kuyimpendulo yakho, ngoko kufuneka uyazi ukuba asizange siphumle, kude nayo. Kuba ngokuqinisekileyo sifanele sizive sithengelekile malunga neminye imibuzo ephuthumayo, eyedwa, kunye nosongelo. Kodwa mhlawumbi sinokuziva ngathi siqala ukukhululeka, ekugqibeleni sijongene nolu luceli mngeni omkhulu kunabo bonke owake walubeka phambi kwethu, umbono ogqithiseleyo kunenkqubela phambili yabantu, ingcebiso engcono, kunye nokuthobela oku:
"Yithande iintshaba zakho, ubasikelele abo bakuqalekisayo, yenza okulungileyo kwabo banithiyo, ubathandazele abo abasebenzisa kakubi baze banitshutshise; Ukuze nibe ngabantwana bakaYihlo osemazulwini; ngokuba wenza ilanga lakhe lisuke phezu kobubi nokulungileyo, uthumela imvula kwabangamalungisa nabangendawo. "

UWendell Berry, imbongi, ifilosofi, kunye nomlondolozi, iifama eKentucky.