NguGar Smith
Kwisenzo esingazange sibonwe ngaphambili sokuzisola ngokwelizwe, u-Barack Obama uye waba ngumongameli wokuqala wase-US ukuba axolise kwenye inkokeli yehlabathi ngendima yaseMelika ekubhukuqeni idemokhrasi eyonyuliweyo kunye nokufaka urhulumente womkhosi okhohlakeleyo owabulala kwaye "wanyamalala" ngaphezulu kwabemi abangama-30,000.
Uxolo lwafakwa ngoMatshi 24, eBuenos Aires, eArgentina.
Ewe, eneneni, into u-Obama acele uxolo ngayo kukuba i-US "yacotha ukuthetha ngamalungelo abantu." Indima yasemkhosini yaseWashington ekuxhaseni ubhukuqo-mbuso, ubuzwilakhe kunye “nemfazwe emdaka” yachazwa kuphela. Njengoko uAmanda Taub waphawulayo Ihlabathi leVox: "U-Obama, ngokumangalisayo, wayengacacanga ukuba i-US yadlala indima engakanani kolu ngquzulwano."
U-Obama kuthiwa unyanzelekile ukuba anikeze MEA culpa ngokunyanzeliswa kukaMongameli wase-Argentina uMauricio Macri owenze waba ngumqathango wotyelelo luka-Obama lwaseburhulumenteni-kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-40 yobhukuqo-mbuso oluxhaswa yi-US.
Ingxelo yembali ka-Obama iquka la mazwi alandelayo:
“Iidemokhrasi kufuneka zibe nesibindi sokuvuma xa singaphili ngokwemigaqo esiyimeleyo. Kwaye siye sacotha ukuthetha silwela amalungelo abantu kwaye kwaba njalo apha. . . .
“Kwakukho impikiswano ngemigaqo-nkqubo yaseUnited States kwasekuqaleni ngaloo mihla yobumnyama. . . . Ukujongana nolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa ziinkokeli zakho, ngabantu bakho—olunokwahlulahlula kwaye ludanise, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqhubela phambili.” [Unokufunda intetho epheleleyo ekupheleni kweli nqaku.]
U-Obama uqukumbele intetho yakhe ngokuzibophelela ngokuthatha amanyathelo. Wenza isibhambathiso sokuma kwi-complex yezobuntlola zomkhosi kunyeukucalula iirekhodi ezintsha zomkhosi nezobuntlola eyayiza kubhala phantsi ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo abantu okwenzeka kulo mmandla ukususela ngowe-1976 ukusa kowe-1983.
IZiko leBuenos Aires-based Centre for Human Rights Advocates alizange liphumelele kwingxelo kamongameli, nangona kunjalo. I-CHRA yathi: “Asinakulivumela igunya elaliphembelela oozwilakhe kuMbindi noMzantsi Merika nelicinezela abantu ehlabathini lonke ukuba lizihlambulule lize lisebenzise inkumbulo yabantu bakowethu ababuleweyo abangama-30,000 XNUMX ukomeleza inkqubo yalo yolawulo lwama impiriyali.”
Nangona kunjalo, ngumzekelo omhle kumongameli. Kwaye iphakamisa umqobo wokuphendula emehlweni ehlabathi. Ukuba u-Obama uceba naluphi na olunye uhambo lwamazwe angaphandle kwiinyanga zakhe eziseleyo e-ofisini, unokulindela ukufumana “iileta zemiqathango” efanayo—iimfuno ezisemthethweni zokucela uxolo olubhekiswa kubantu baseNicaragua, eChile, eHonduras, eHaiti, e-El Salvador, eGuatemala, eVenezuela. , Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya kunye . . . kuhle, uluhlu luyaqhubeka.
Kwaye kukho iCuba
Xa uBarack Obama wayebhabha eCuba (ephawula utyelelo lokuqala lukamongameli wase-US kwiminyaka engama-88), injongo yakhe yayingekokuhlangabezana nesiqingatha senkulungwane yolwaphulo-mthetho lwase-US olujoliswe kummelwane wayo waseCaribbean. Endaweni yoko, amagqabantshintshi ka-Obama kwinkomfa yakhe yabezindaba edibeneyo kunye noMongameli waseCuba uRaul Castro ubandakanye izibongozo zethemba elingacacanga elixutywe nezilumkiso zeMfazwe ebandayo malunga nokunqongophala "kwedemokhrasi" kunye "namalungelo abantu."
Kwakukho okuninzi kwinkomfa yabezindaba ye-21 kaMatshi kwi-Havana's Grand Theatre engazange iqhubele phambili Iindaba ze-CBS Evening Evening. Ngetyala layo, USA namhlanje iposwe a inkcazo yenkomfa epheleleyo yoonondaba kwi-intanethi. Le ngxelo ilandelayo idiza olunye utshintshiselwano olungakhange lukhankanywe ngamajelo osasazo aqhelekileyo okanye lubhalwe kakubi.
Umongameli u-Obama waqala intetho yakhe ngokuphuma-esihlokweni ekhankanya iMarine eyayisandula ukubulawa kumantla e-Iraq. U-Obama wasebenzisa ukufa kwejoni-kunye nomcimbi weendaba waseHavana-njengethuba lokuncoma "amalungu axhobileyo ase-US ancama yonke imihla ngenxa yenkululeko yethu nokhuseleko lwethu."
Loo njongo iphunyeziweyo, waqala ngokuncoma iCuba esithi: “IUnited States iyayiqonda inkqubela eyenziwe yiCuba njengesizwe, impumelelo yayo kwezemfundo nakukhathalelo lwempilo.” Yaye u-Obama wathembisa ukuba “isiphelo seCuba asiyi kugqitywa yiUnited States okanye nasiphi na esinye isizwe . . . . [T] ikamva laseCuba liya kugqitywa ngabantu baseCuba, hayi ngomnye umntu.”
Oko kuthetha, uMongameli walumkisa ngelithi, “njengoko sisenza naphi na apho sihamba khona ehlabathini . . . , iUnited States iya kuqhubeka . . . . bathethe egameni lamalungelo abantu ehlabathi lonke, kuquka inkululeko yokuthetha, yokuhlanganisana, nonqulo.”
Ngaxa lithile, u-Obama uye wabeka umhlaba omninzi kuMongameli uRaul Castro kunokuba bekuyimfuneko. Kubonakala ngathi isoyika inkokeli yaseCuba yayiza kuyibethelela iMelika ngenxa yendlala, intlupheko kunye nengcinezelo yobuhlanga, wathi:
"Umongameli uCastro uye wajongana noko akubona njengentsilelo e-United States malunga neemfuno ezisisiseko zabantu, kunye nentlupheko nokungalingani kunye nobudlelwane bobuhlanga."
Ngapha koko, uCastro wayegxeke i-US kuphela ngerekhodi yayo kwezempilo, imfundo, inkamnkam, intlawulo kunye namalungelo abantwana. Ngamazwi kaCastro:
“Enyanisweni, sifumanisa kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuba urhulumente [oko kukuthi, i-USA] akalikhuseli kwaye aliqinisekise ilungelo lokhathalelo lwempilo, imfundo, uKhuseleko lweNtlalo ngobonelelo kunye nophuhliso, umvuzo olinganayo kunye namalungelo abantwana. Siyakuchasa ukulawulwa kwezopolitiko kunye nemigangatho ephindwe kabini kwindlela yamalungelo oluntu. . . .
“Sinezimvo ezahlukeneyo kwimiba emininzi efana neenkqubo zezopolitiko, idemokhrasi, ukusetyenziswa kwamalungelo oluntu, ubulungisa kwezentlalo, ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe kunye noxolo lwehlabathi nozinzo.
“Sikhusela amalungelo oluntu. Ngokombono wethu, amalungelo oluntu, ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo kunye nezenkcubeko azibonakali, zixhomekeke kwelinye kwaye ziphela. Siyakuchasa ukulawulwa kwezopolitiko kunye nemigangatho ephindwe kabini kwindlela yamalungelo oluntu. ICuba ininzi ekufuneka ithethe kwaye ibonise ngalo mba. ”
U-Obama uthetha ngoRhwebo kunye neeDola
U-Obama uthethe ngochulumanco ngohlaziyo lwezoqoqosho iWashington ngoku enokuzilindela eHavana, kuquka: “Ukuvumela idola yaseMelika ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi neCuba, ukunika abantu baseCuba ukufikelela ngakumbi kwidola kwiitransekshini zamazwe ngamazwe, nokuvumela abantu baseCuba base-US ukuba bafumane imivuzo. ” (Yiza kwakhona?)
U-Obama uye wanikela inkcazelo engakumbi ngezicwangciso zase-US zohlaziyo lwezoqoqosho lwaseCuba xa wathi “intsebenziswano kwezolimo ukuxhasa amafama namafama ethu . . . ezinye zezivumelwano ezintsha zorhwebo ezibhengezwa ziinkampani ezinkulu zase-US. . . amanyathelo esibongoza iCuba ukuba ibonise ukuba ikulungele ukwenza ushishino olungakumbi, okubandakanya ukuvumela amaqumrhu angaphezulu kunye nokuvumela iinkampani zangaphandle ukuba ziqeshe abemi baseCuba ngokuthe ngqo.” U-Obama ukwathe ujonge phambili ekuboneni "uqeqesho olungakumbi lwesiNgesi kubafundisi-ntsapho baseCuba-eCuba nakwi-intanethi."
Njengoko ushicilelo lwehlabathi lujonge, u-Obama waqhubeka nokuguqula imbali ibe yintsomi.
Ukungahoywa kwememo yeSebe leSizwe le-1961 eyayidume kakubi neyakha yayimfihlo-eyachaza injongo ecacileyo ye-embargo yase-US eneminyaka engama-54 "yayikwalela imali kunye nokubonelela eCuba, ukunciphisa umvuzo wemali kunye nokwenyani, ukuzisa indlala, ukuphelelwa lithemba kunye nokubhukuqa. karhulumente”—ngoku uObama wacebisa ukuba “ukuvalwa kwemithetho kwaphunyezwa ukuze kukhuthazwe, kunokuba kutyhafise, iinguqulelo urhulumente waseCuba ngokwakhe akulungeleyo ukubandakanyeka kuzo nokuququzelela urhwebo norhwebo olukhulu.
Ingaba sinalo uqhagamshelo apha? Isohlwayo seminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu sezoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo sasijoliswe "ukuququzelela urhwebo olukhulu kunye norhwebo"?
Emva kokuba zombini ezi nkokeli zigqibile intetho yazo yentshayelelo uJim Acosta, intatheli yaseCuba yaseMelika, ubuze u-Obama ukuba angammema na uRaul Castro kwi-White House kwaye wabuza ukuba kutheni umongameli engazange adibane noFidel Castro. U-Obama akayihoyanga yomibini le mibuzo.
Kunoko, wabuyela kumbandela “wamalungelo abantu” waza wachaza “ukungavisisani okuphathelele amalungelo abantu nedemokhrasi” “njengemiqobo ekomelezeni . . . amaqhina.” Kwaye emva koko u-Obama wongeze wathi: "Ndidibene nabantu abaye bavalelwa ngokungekho mthethweni." (Inokuba wayebhekiselele kubaphikisi abavalelwe entolongweni kunye nabahlebi e-US kodwa ireferensi yayijoliswe ngokucacileyo eCuba.)
UAcosta waphendula imibuzo emibini eCastro. Omnye (iintloni kumsebenzi wakhe) wamema inkokeli yaseCuba ukuba ibonise ukuba iya kuvotela uHillary Clinton okanye uDonald Trump. Eyesibini yaphakamisa umbandela “wamabanjwa ezobupolitika.”
Impendulo kaMongameli uCastro yayinamandla: “Ndinike uluhlu lwamabanjwa ezopolitiko kwaye ndiza kuwakhulula ngokukhawuleza,” utshilo. Chaza nje uluhlu. Ngawaphi amabanjwa ezopolitiko? Ndinike igama okanye amagama. Emva kokuba le ntlanganiso iphelile, ungandinika uluhlu lwamabanjwa ezopolitiko. Kwaye ukuba sinaloo mabanjwa ezopolitiko, aza kukhululwa phambi kobusuku banamhlanje. "
(Enoba uAcosta wakhe waluveza uluhlu lwamabanjwa ezopolitiko akwaziwa.)
Kwakuvunyelwene ukuba uMongameli wase-US athathe imibuzo emibini ngelixa inkokeli yaseCuba iphendula umbuzo omnye ovela kumaphephandaba.
Ngeli xesha, u-Obama ubize umnxibelelanisi we-NBC uAndrea Mitchell, emchaza "njengenye yeentatheli zethu ezihlonitshwayo." Kwakucacile ukuba uMitchell wayefuna ukuqhubeka nomba “wamalungelo abantu” waza u-Obama, ebhenela kuCastro, wathi: “Ndiqinisekile ukuba angayithanda impendulo emfutshane, emfutshane nje.”
UCastro akazange acinge ukuba uza kubulawa. Ebhekisela kwixesha elimiselwe kwangaphambili lenkomfa yoonondaba, waphendula wathi: “Kukho inkqubo apha eza kuzalisekiswa. Ndiyazi ukuba ndihlala apha, niza kubuza imibuzo eyi-500. Ndathi ndizophendula enye. Ewe, ndiphendula u-1 ½."
UMitchell ucinezele uCastro malunga nokubanjwa kwamva nje kwamaLadies in White (iqela labasetyhini abaye baqhankqalaza ngokungenabundlobongela ngokuchasene norhulumente waseCuba veki nganye kule minyaka ili-13 idlulileyo). UCastro unike le mpendulo ilandelayo:
“Ndiza kukubuza umbuzo ngoku. Kukho izixhobo zamazwe ngamazwe ezingama-61 ezivunyiweyo. Mangaphi amazwe ehlabathini athobela onke amalungelo oluntu kunye namalungelo oluntu aqukiweyo kwezi zixhobo zingama-61? Leliphi ilizwe elihambelana nazo zonke? Uyazi ukuba bangaphi? Ndiyavuma. Akukho nanye. Akukho nanye.
“Amanye amazwe athobela amalungelo athile; abanye bathobela abanye. Kwaye siphakathi kwala mazwe. Kwizixhobo ezingama-61, iCuba iye yathobela ama-47 kula malungelo oluntu. . .
“Ngaba ucinga ukuba kukho enye into engcwele ngaphezu kwelungelo lempilo, ukuze amawaka ezigidi zabantwana angafi ngenxa yokungabikho kogonyo okanye iyeza okanye iyeza? Ngaba uyavumelana nelungelo lemfundo yasimahla kubo bonke abo bazalelwa naphi na emhlabeni okanye kulo naliphi na ilizwe? Ndicinga ukuba amazwe amaninzi akacingi ukuba eli lilungelo lomntu….
“Ngaba ucinga ukuba ngomsebenzi olinganayo, amadoda ahlawulwa ngcono kunamabhinqa ngenxa nje yokuba ngabafazi? Ewe, eCuba, abafazi bafumana umvuzo ofanayo ngomsebenzi ofanayo. Ndingakunika imininzi, imizekelo emininzi. Andiqondi ukuba singasebenzisa iingxoxo zamalungelo oluntu kungquzulwano lwezopolitiko. Akulunganga oko. Ayilunganga . . . Masisebenzeni ukuze sikwazi ukuthobela onke amalungelo oluntu.”
Kwaye ngoku, iLizwi elivela kuFidel
Ngaxa lithile kwityala u-Obama wathi: “Asinakunyanzela utshintsho kulo naliphi na ilizwe.” Le ngxelo, ebonakala ngathi ayivisisani ngokupheleleyo nembali yaseWashington yeminyaka engama-50 yezohlwayo kunye namayelenqe ajolise ekubhukuqeni inguquko yaseCuba, yavuselela owayesakuba nguMongameli waseCuba uFidel Castro ukuba abhale phantsi. I-1,500-igama lokuphikisa ebhekiswa ku “Mzalwana wam u-Obama.” Umbhalo opheleleyo awuzange uvele kumajelo aseNtshona. Endaweni yoko, iinkonzo zeendaba zase-US ziye zawunciphisa umyalezo wayo kwingxelo kaFidel yokuba iCuba “ayinasidingo sezipho” ezivela e-US. (Inguqulelo embi, eyona ingcono.)
Apha (iqokelelwe kwiwebhusayithi yephephandaba likarhulumente waseCuba, Granma) yenye yezinto uFidel awayithetha kuBarack:
"Ngo-1961, unyaka nje omnye kunye neenyanga ezintathu emva koloyiso lweRevolution, umkhosi wamajoni ophethe izixhobo zemfazwe kunye nomkhosi ohambahambayo, oxhaswa yinqwelomoya, oqeqeshwe kwaye ukhatshwa ziinqanawa zemfazwe zase-US kunye nabathwali beenqwelomoya, wahlasela ilizwe lethu ngokungalindelekanga. Akukho nto inokuluthethelela olo hlaselo lukhohlakeleyo, olubize ilizwe lethu amakhulu elahleko, kubandakanya ukufa kunye nokwenzakala. ”
UFidel akazange athethe ngale nto 632 iinzame zokumbulala. Oku kubandakanya amacebo okubulala eCIA amaninzi abandakanya yonke into ukusuka kwiziselo ezinetyhefu kunye neetshefu ezosulelekileyo ukuya kwiiciga eziqhumayo kunye noonokrwece ozaliswe ziziqhushumbisi eziphezulu. Umboniso ka-2006 onamacandelo asixhenxe ulandele iphulo laseWashington leminyaka engama-50 lokubulala inkokeli yaseCuba. La malinge okubulala ngokufihlakeleyo aye athatha abalawuli abalithoba. Ingxelo ifundeka ngolu hlobo: Eisenhower (38 iinzame zokubulala), Kennedy (42), Johnson (72), Nixon (172), Carter (74), Reagan (197), GHW Bush (16), Clinton (21), GW Bush (6).
UFidel wabhala wathi ukuva ikhwelo lika-Obama “lokulibala izinto ezadlulayo, shiya izinto zangaphambili ngasemva, sijonge kwikamva kunye, ikamva lethemba” kwaphantse kwambangela ukuba ahlaselwe yintliziyo.
“Emva kothintelo olungenalusini olwathatha phantse iminyaka engama-60, kwaye kuthekani ngabo basweleke kuhlaselo lweenqanawa zaseCuba kunye namazibuko, inqwelomoya ezele ngabakhweli iqhushumbiselwe esibhakabhakeni, uhlaselo lwamajoni, izenzo ezininzi zobundlobongela nokunyanzeliswa?
“Akukho mntu ufanele ukuba phantsi kwenkohliso yokuba abantu beli lizwe linesidima nelingazingciyo baya kulahla uzuko, amalungelo, okanye ubutyebi bomoya ababuzuzileyo ngophuhliso lwemfundo, inzululwazi nenkcubeko.
“Ndikwalumkisa nokuba sinako ukuvelisa ukutya kunye nobutyebi bezinto eziphathekayo esibudingayo ngeenzame nobukrelekrele babantu bakuthi. Asidingi bukumkani ukuba businike nantoni na. Iinzame zethu ziya kuba semthethweni kwaye zibe seluxolweni, njengoko oku kukuzibophelela kwethu kuxolo nomanyano phakathi kwabo bonke abantu abahlala kulo mhlaba. "
KuMbuzo wamaLungelo oLuntu
NgoFebruwari walo nyaka, i-Amnesty International yakhupha yayo Ingxelo yoNyaka yeNgxelo yeHlabathi. Umlawuli olawulayo wexeshana we-AI uMargaret Huang wenze isishwankathelo silandelayo: “Ehlabathini lonke siye sabona amalungelo oluntu nenkululeko zithatha umva woloyiko olulahlekisayo kunye nokubukulwa kwabantu basemzini kusenziwa kubonakale njengokuthand’ izwe. IUnited States nayo ayizange itshintshe.”
Phakathi kwezityholo ezabekwa kwi-US zezi zilandelayo:
* ukuvalelwa ngaphandle kwetyala kwintolongo yaseGuantanamo
* ukungabikho koxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho olunxulumene nenkqubo yentuthumbo yase-US
* ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwamandla abulalayo ngamapolisa e-US
* Ukusilela ekuthinteleni udushe lwemipu oluthi, ngokomndilili, abantu baseMelika abangama-88 baphila suku ngalunye
* ukusilela ukugxeka amahlakani afana neSaudi Arabia ngokuvalela amabanjwa esazela "njengegqwetha lamalungelo oluntu uWaleed Abu al-Khair kunye nombhali uRaif Badawi."
Ngelixa i-Human Rights Watch Ingxelo yeHlabathi ngo-2015 iye yagxeka iCuba ngokuphatha amaLadies in White—okt, “ukuphathwa gadalala, ukuxhatshazwa, nokuvalelwa phambi okanye emva kokuba beye kwimisa yangeCawa”—HRW nayo yagxeka i-US “ngokunyhasha[a] amalungelo . . . kwimibandela yolwaphulo-mthetho, ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe nokhuseleko lwelizwe, imithetho noqheliselo lwaseUnited States” waza waphawula ukuba “abantu abambalwa bobuhlanga nobuhlanga, abaphambukeli, abantwana, amahlwempu namabanjwa—ngabona bantu badla ngokuphathwa kakubi.”
I-HRW ikwaphawule nezinye iintsilelo zamalungelo oluntu e-US, kuquka:
* Imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko yesizwe yase-US, kubandakanywa neenkqubo zokucupha abantu abaninzi, zitshabalalisa inkululeko yamajelo eendaba, yokuthetha, kunye nokunxulumana. Uphando olunocalucalulo nolungenabulungisa kunye nokutshutshiswa kwamaSilamsi aseMelika lusahlukanisa uluntu olufunwa yi-US njengamahlakani ekulweni ubunqolobi.
* Nangona abantu base-Afrika baseMelika bengama-13 ekhulwini kuphela abantu base-US, bamele i-42 yeepesenti yamabanjwa e-federal akhonza ixesha ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho lweziyobisi.
* Abamangalelwa abaninzi abahluphekayo batsala nzima eluvalelweni lwaphambi kokuxoxwa kwetyala ngenxa yokuba abanako ukuhlawula iindleko ezinyukayo zebheyile.
* Iinkundla zase-US ziyabavumela abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ukuba bagwetywe njengabantu abadala baze bagwetywe ukuvalelwa entolongweni.
* Amakhulu amawaka abantwana asebenza kwiifama zase-US, bahlala besebenza rhoqo iiyure ezili-10 okanye ngaphezulu ngosuku kwaye basengozini yokuvezwa ngezibulali zinambuzane, ukudinwa bubushushu, kunye nokwenzakala. Abasebenzi becuba abakwiminyaka engaphantsi ngeminyaka nabo bathwaxwa yityhefu yenikotini.
* Amagqala omkhosi wase-US ajongana nemiqobo yenkqubo ekufikeleleni kukhathalelo lwempilo kwaye athwaxwa kukungabinakhaya okungapheliyo.
* IPentagon iyaqhubeka nokunyanzela ukondla amabanjwa aseGuantanamo kugwayimbo lokulamba kusetyenziswa iindlela eziphula imigaqo yonyango kunye nokuphathwa kakubi phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
* I-US isebenzisa "uphando olugwenxa lokulwa nobunqolobi" ngokuchasene namaSilamsi aseMelika asesichengeni kunye nabantu abakhubazeke ngokwasengqondweni nangokwengqondo ababanjiswa ngokulula kwimisebenzi ye-FBI. Ukongeza, iintlawulo ezibanzi kakhulu "zenkxaso yezinto eziphathekayo" zinganyhasha amalungelo ovavanyo anobulungisa.
* I-US iyaqhubeka nokwenza imisebenzi ekujoliswe kuyo yokubulala isebenzisa iidrones zokubulala e-Afghanistan, ePakistan, eYemen naseSomalia.
Amalungelo Oluntu Achanekanga e-US
Amanqaku amabini akutshanje nguHarvey Wasserman ( Ukuhanahanisa kwamaLungelo oLuntu aseMelika okumangalisayo eCuba) kunye noMarjorie Cohn ( Yeka ukufundisa iCuba kwaye uphakamise i-Blockade) bonisa umsantsa obalulekileyo xa umntu ethelekisa amalungelo oluntu e-US naseCuba.
Phakathi kwezinto ezifunyenwe nguWasserman:
* I-US inelona nani likhulu lentolongo emhlabeni, kunye nabemi abazizigidi ezi-2.2 abavalelwe amatyala abandakanya imbiza yokutshaya kunye nokusilela ukuhlawula amatyala.
* Kukho abemi abaninzi kwiintolongo zase-US kunokuba zikhona e-China, ilizwe elinabemi li-4 ukuya ku-5 amaxesha amakhulu kune-US.
* Udlwengulo, ukungcungcuthekiswa, ukuvalelwa wedwa okwandisiweyo, kunye namanye amatyala oluntu axhaphakile kwiintolongo zase-US.
* Ngokungafaniyo neCuba, i-US isenesigwebo sokufa, esiye sasetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukugweba abantu abaye bafumanisa ukuba bengenatyala. (UGeorge W. Bush, njengerhuluneli yaseTexas, ngokobuqu wayalela ukuba kubulawe amadoda nabafazi abali-152.)
* E-US, ukufikelela kwinkqubo efanelekileyo kuthintelwe kakhulu ngokobuhlanga kunye nodidi.
* Uninzi lwamabanjwa ezopolitiko avalelwe kwinkqubo yentolongo yase-US ngezityholo "zamatyala" abuthathaka njengalawo abekwe kumabanjwa eCuba. Phakathi kwabo nguLeonard Peltier, ummi waseMelika owabanjelwa ukubulala kumashumi amane eminyaka eyadlulayo.
* Ukusukela oko kwaqala iMfazwe yeZiyobisi ngo-1971, i-US ichithe i-1 yezigidi zezigidi zeedola ibamba kwaye yavalela ngaphezulu kwe-41 yezigidi zabemi baseMelika, uninzi lwamahlwempu kunye nabantu bemibala.
* Amabanjwa ngoku ajongwa “njengokungena kwemali” phantsi kwenkqubo yentolongo yaseMelika eyenza ingeniso, eyenza ingeniso ngokugcina abantu bevalelwe ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
* E-US, amapolisa avunyelwe ukuba athathe imali kunye nezinye izinto kubemi abamsulwa ngaphandle kwenkqubo efanelekileyo. Le mali isoloko isetyenziselwa ukunceda amasebe amapolisa kunye namagosa abandakanyekayo.
* Inkqubo yelizwe lonke yokuhlola nge-elektroniki iye yawahlutha amalungelo eSihlomelo seSine abemi babucala.
Isincoko sikaWasserman siqukunjelwa ngethemba elichaziweyo lokuba “uMongameli Obama uyakuvuma kwezinye okanye zonke ezi zingasentla phakathi kweentetho zakhe ezibonisa ukruthakruthwano kubantu baseCuba ngobungcwele bamalungelo abantu.”
Ukuthelekisa amaLungelo oLuntu e-US naseCuba
UMarjorie Cohn, unjingalwazi wesikolo somthetho nowayesakuba ngumongameli weNational Lawyers Guild, uphawula ukuba iSindululo Sehlabathi Lonke Samalungelo Abantu siqulethe “iintlobo ezimbini zamalungelo abantu: amalungelo asekuhlaleni nawezobupolitika kwelinye icala; kunye namalungelo ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo nenkcubeko kwelinye.
“Amalungelo oluntu nawezobupolitika aquka amalungelo okuphila, ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo, inkululeko yonqulo, ukuxoxwa kwetyala ngobulungisa, ukuzikhethela; kunye nokukhululeka ekungcungcuthekisweni, ekuphathweni ngenkohlakalo nasekuvalelweni ngaphandle kwesizathu.
“Amalungelo ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo nawenkcubeko aquka amalungelo emfundo, ezempilo, ezentlalontle, i-inshorensi yokungaphangeli, ikhefu lokuya kubeleka elihlawulwayo, umvuzo olinganayo ngomsebenzi olinganayo, ukuncitshiswa kokusweleka kweentsana; ekuthinteleni, ekunyangeni nasekulawuleni izifo; kunye nokuseka kunye nokujoyina imibutho kunye nogwayimbo."
Ukusukela kulawulo lweReagan, uCohn ubhala athi, “bekungumgaqo-nkqubo wase-US ukuchaza amalungelo oluntu kuphela njengamalungelo oluntu nawezopolitiko. Amalungelo ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo nawenkcubeko akajongwa njengakwintlalo-ntle yoluntu, okanye usoshiyali.”
UCohn uqulunqe olu thelekiso lulandelayo:
Ukhathalelo lwempilo
Ngokungafaniyo ne-US, ukhathalelo lwezempilo luthathwa njengelungelo eCuba. Ukhathalelo lwempilo jikelele lusimahla kumntu wonke. I-Cuba inomlinganiselo ophakamileyo wehlabathi wogqirha ukuya kwisigulana (i-6.7 kubantu abali-1,000). Izinga lokufa kweentsana eCuba ngo-2014 laliyi-4.2 kwi-1,000 labantwana abazalwayo-enye yezona ziphantsi emhlabeni. Ngo-2014, i Lancet Ulindixesha wezamayeza wathi, “Ukuba oko kuphunyeziweyo eCuba bekunokuveliswa kumazwe amaninzi ahlwempuzekileyo nanomvuzo ophakathi, impilo yabantu behlabathi ibinokuguqulwa.”
Education
Imfundo yasimahla lilungelo lehlabathi liphela ukuya kuthi ga kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo. ICuba ichitha umlinganiselo omkhulu we-GDP yayo kwezemfundo phantse kunalo naliphi na elinye ilizwe emhlabeni.” Kusimahla ukuba uziqeqeshele ukuba ngugqirha eCuba. Zingama-22 izikolo zonyango eCuba.
Ukhetho
Unyulo lweNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yaseCuba lwenzeka rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu kwaye unyulo kwiiNdibano zikaMasipala zeNgingqi rhoqo emva kweminyaka eyi-2.5. Abathunywa beNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe bonyula iBhunga loMbuso eliya kuthi lityumbe iBhunga laBaphathiswa apho uMongameli anyulwe kulo.
Kunyulo lukawonke-wonke oluzayo lowama-2018, zonke izikhundla eziphezulu ezonyuliweyo, kuquka nezobuMongameli, aziyi kuqingqwa zingadlulanga izihlandlo ezibini zeminyaka emihlanu. Nabani na angatyunjwa. Akuyomfuneko ukuba umntu abe lilungu leQela lamaKomanisi laseCuba.
Akukho mali inokusetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza abagqatswa kwaye akukho maqela ezopolitiko avumelekileyo ukuba akhankase ngexesha lonyulo. Endaweni yokuba abezokhuseleko bajikeleze kwiindawo zokuvota, iibhokisi zokuvota zigadwa ngabantwana besikolo.
Amalungelo abasebenzi
Umthetho waseCuba uqinisekisa ilungelo lokuseka ngokuzithandela nokuzimanya neemanyano zabasebenzi ezizimeleyo nezizimeleyo. Uqhagamshelwano lweManyano lubandakanya iintsuku ezingama-30 zekhefu lonyaka elihlawulelwayo kwicandelo likarhulumente. Iimanyano zinelungelo lokuthatha inxaxheba kulawulo lwenkampani, ukwabelana ngeerekhodi zolawulo, indawo yeofisi, kunye nezixhobo.
Isivumelwano seManyano siyafuneka phambi kwako nakuphi na ukudendwa, utshintsho kwiiyure zokusebenza, kunye nexesha elongezelelekileyo. Imibutho yaseCuba inelungelo ngokomgaqo-siseko lokubonisana malunga nomthetho wengqesho kunye nelungelo lokuphakamisa imithetho emitsha kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho.
Women
Uninzi lweejaji zaseCuba, amagqwetha, amagqwetha, izazinzulu, abasebenzi bobugcisa, abasebenzi bezempilo bakarhulumente kunye neengcali ngabasetyhini. Ngabasetyhini abangaphezulu kwama-48% ePalamente, iCuba inepesenti yesithathu ephezulu yabasetyhini abasepalamente kwihlabathi. Abasetyhini bafumana umvuzo opheleleyo weeveki ezili-18 ngexesha lekhefu lokuya kubeleka, kulandele iiveki ezingama-40 kuma-60 ekhulwini omvuzo opheleleyo.
Isigwebo sentambo
Akukho mntu ujongene nesigwebo sentambo eCuba. Ibanjwa lokugqibela laseCuba eliseleyo kumgca wokufa (umntu waseCuba-waseMelika owabanjwa enetyala lokubulala okwenzeka ngexesha lokuhlasela kwabanqolobi ngo-1994) isigwebo satshintshwa ngomhla wama-28 kuDisemba 2010. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukususela nge-1 kaJanuwari 2016, amabanjwa angama-2,943 ase-US ayekuluhlu lokufa. kwiintolongo zikarhulumente kwaye, ukususela nge-16 kaMatshi 2016, i-62 yayikuluhlu lokufa.
Uphuhliso oluphathekayo
Ngo-2006, iWorld Wildlife Fund iye yancoma iCuba njengelona lizwe likuphela kwalo ekufezekiseni injongo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo “yophuhliso oluzinzileyo”—”ngenxa yenqanaba layo eliphezulu lokufunda nokubhala kunye nobude obuphezulu kakhulu beminyaka yokuphila, ngelixa imeko yendalo ingekho nkulu ukusukela oko. lilizwe elinosetyenziso oluphantsi lwamandla.”
I-US ikwazi kakuhle ukuchasana okuvela xa irekhodi lamalungelo oluntu lithelekiswa neCuba. Kwi-2015, uCohn ubika, igqiza laseCuba elikhokelwa nguPedro Luis Pedroso badibana nabalingani babo base-US ukuxoxa ngombandela wamalungelo oluntu. "Sivakalise inkxalabo yethu malunga nocalucalulo kunye neendlela zocalucalulo kuluntu lwase-US," ukhumbule uPedroso, "ukwanda kwenkohlakalo yamapolisa, izenzo zentuthumbo kunye nokubulawa kwabantu ngokungekho mthethweni kumlo wobugrogrisi kunye ne-limbo esemthethweni yamabanjwa kwinkampu yentolongo yase-US eGuantanamo."
Isigqibo sikaCohn ngomnye umongameli wethu ekufuneka athobele:
“Uhanahaniso lukarhulumente wase-US ekufundiseni iCuba malunga namalungelo oluntu ngelixa ekhanyela amalungelo amaninzi oluntu asisiseko kubantu baseMelika. I-United States kufuneka inyuse i-blockade. U-Obama kufuneka avale iGuantanamo ayibuyisele eCuba.
Kwaye iUnited States kufuneka ixolise eCuba.
UXolo lukaMongameli uBarack Obama eArgentina
Umbhalo opheleleyo
EBUENOS AIRES, eArgentina (ngoMatshi 24, 2016)—Molweni. Kuyazithoba ukujoyina uMongameli Macri kwesi sikhumbuzo sibuhlungu kwaye sihle sokuhlonipha amaxhoba ozwilakhe basemkhosini waseArgentina, kunye nokubandezeleka iintsapho zabo ezinyamezele.
Le paki inika imbeko kwinkumbulo yabo. Kodwa ikwangumbeko ekukhalipheni nasekuzimiseleni kwabazali, amaqabane, abantakwabo, nabantwana ababathandayo nabakhumbulayo, nabangavumiyo ukuncama de bafumane inyaniso nobulungisa obubufaneleyo.
Kwezo ntsapho—ukungayeki kwakho, ukuzimisela kwakho kuye kwenza umahluko. Uqhube iinzame ezimangalisayo zaseArgentina zokubamba uxanduva abo benza olu lwaphulo-mthetho. Ningabo baya kuqinisekisa ukuba ixesha elidlulileyo liyakhunjulwa, kwaye isithembiso sika "Nunca Mas" sizaliseka ekugqibeleni.
Kufuna isibindi ukuba uluntu lukwazi ukujongana neenyaniso ezingathandekiyo malunga neendawo ezimnyama zexesha lalo elidlulileyo. Ukujongana nolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa ziinkokeli zethu, ngabantu bethu—olunokwahlukanisa kwaye ludanise. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqhubela phambili; ukwakha ikamva elinoxolo nelinempumelelo kwilizwe elihlonipha amalungelo abo bonke abemi balo.
Namhlanje, sikwakhumbula abo balwa icala necala kunye nama-Argentina ngamalungelo oluntu. Izazinzulu eziphendule umnxeba ovela kooMakhulu basePlaza de Mayo ukuba bancede bachonge amaxhoba eArgentina nakwihlabathi liphela. Abacholacholi beendaba, abafana noBob Cox, abathe ngenkalipho baxela ngokuphathwa kakubi kwamalungelo abantu nangona besongelwa bona neentsapho zabo.
Oonozakuzaku, abanjengoTex Harris, obesebenza kuMzi wozakuzo wase-US apha ukubhala ukuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo oluntu kwaye bachonge abo banyamaleleyo. Kwaye njengoPatt Derian, uNobhala oNcedisayo wamaLungelo oLuntu kuMongameli uJimmy Carter-uMongameli owayeqonda ukuba amalungelo oluntu yinto ebalulekileyo yomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle. Oko kuqonda kuye kwaphembelela indlela esizama ngayo ukuziphatha ehlabathini ukususela ngoko.
Kukhe kwakho impikiswano malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yase-United States kwangoko ngaloo mihla yobumnyama, kwaye i-United States, xa ibonakalisa okwenzekayo apha, kufuneka iphonononge eyayo imigaqo-nkqubo, kunye neyayo yangaphambili. Iidemokhrasi kufuneka zibe nesibindi sokuvuma xa singaphili ngokwemigaqo esiyimeleyo; xa siye sacotha ukuthetha silwela amalungelo abantu. Kwaye kwakunjalo apha.
Kodwa ngenxa yemigaqo yabantu baseMelika ababesebenzela urhulumente wethu, oonozakuzaku bethu babhala kwaye bachaza iimeko ezininzi zokunyhashwa kwamalungelo abantu. Ngo-2002, njengenxalenye yomzamo weminyaka emibini, i-US yazisusa kuluhlu kwaye yakhulula amawaka ezo rekhodi, ezininzi zazo zisetyenziswe njengobungqina bokubamba abenzi bobubi baphendule.
Namhlanje, ekuphenduleni isicelo sikaMongameli Macri, kunye nokuqhubeka nokunceda iintsapho zamaxhoba zifumane enye yenyaniso kunye nobulungisa obufanele, ndinokwazisa ukuba urhulumente wase-United States uya kuchaza amaxwebhu amaninzi ukusuka ngelo xesha, kubandakanywa, okokuqala, iirekhodi zomkhosi kunye nezobuntlola-kuba ndikholelwa ukuba sinoxanduva lokujongana nexesha elidlulileyo ngokunyaniseka kunye nokungafihli.
Isikhumbuzo esinje sithetha ngoxanduva esinalo sonke. Asinakuyilibala edlulileyo. Kodwa xa sifumana isibindi sokujongana nayo, xa sifumana isibindi sokutshintsha oko kudlulileyo, kulapho sakha ikamva elingcono. Oko kwenziwe ziintsapho zamaxhoba. Kwaye iUnited States of America ifuna ukuqhubeka nokuba liqabane kwiinzame zakho. Kuba okwenzekileyo apha eArgentina akuphelelanga nje eArgentina, kwaye akuphelelanga nje kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ngamnye wethu unoxanduva suku ngalunye lokuqinisekisa ukuba naphi na apho sibona khona okungekho sikweni, naphi na apho sibona ulawulo lomthetho lujongelwa phantsi, amangqina anyanisekileyo, ukuba sithetha phandle kwaye sivavanya ezethu iintliziyo kwaye sithatha uxanduva lokukwenza. le yindawo engcono kubantwana bethu nabazukulwana bethu.
