By UDavid Swanson
Umfanekiso, ukuba uyathanda, umboniso wevidiyo wevintage (ekuqaleni kuka-2016) uDonald Trump buffoonery kunye ne-CEO ye-CBS uLeslie Moonves ehlomla ngokhetho olukhulu lwemithombo yeendaba ukunika uTrump ixesha lomoya elingakumbi kunabanye abaviwa: "Isenokungabi kuhle eMelika, kodwa ilunge kakhulu kwi-CBS. ”
Leyo yintshayelelo yokugxeka okunamandla kweendaba zase-US. Izikrini zefilimu entsha eNew York naseLos Angeles kule veki kuthiwa Bonke oorhulumente bayaxoka: Inyaniso, inkohliso, kunye noMoya we-IF Stone.
Iwebhusayithi AllGovernmentsLie.com ine imihla yokuhlola, i uluhlu lobuxoki, Kunye uluhlu lweentatheli ezilungileyo ezibhenca ubuxoki. Uluhlu olukwiwebhusayithi alufani nomxholo wefilimu, kodwa kukho ukudibana okuhle - okwaneleyo ukukunika ingqiqo yokuba le projekthi ingantoni.
Ngendenze utshintsho olwahlukeneyo kunye nokongeza kwifilimu. Ngokukodwa, ndidiniwe kuko konke ukugxila kwi-Iraq 2003. Le filimu ichaphazela ubuxoki bemfazwe ukusukela ngoko, kodwa inika ukuba iseti enye yemfazwe ibalasele.
Sekunjalo, lo ngumboniso bhanyabhanya ofanele uboniswe kwizixeko, ezindlwini nakumagumbi okufundela kulo lonke elaseUnited States. Ibandakanya kwaye iqhutywa luhlalutyo lukaNoam Chomsky lwendlela inkqubo yeendaba “eqingqwe ngayo” ngaphandle kwabo benza ubuqhophololo bekholelwa ukuba akukho nto bayenzileyo. Luvavanyo lwe-skullduggery ngamajelo eendaba. Yintshayelelo kwiintatheli ezininzi ezingaphezulu lee kunesiqhelo. Kwaye yintshayelelo ye IF Stone. Ibandakanya imiboniso yengxelo yonyaka IMbasa yeIzzy eya kwiintatheli ezisebenza ngokwesiko likaStone.
Obunye bobuxoki obudweliswe kwifilimu nakwiwebhusayithi yileyo yeGulf of Tonkin (engeyiyo) Isiganeko. Nabani na onikela ingqalelo uyazi ngoku ukuba bubuxoki bemfazwe. Kwaye yayiyimfazwe ecacileyo yobuxoki ngelo xesha ngendlela ethile. Oko kukuthi: ukuba iNorth Vietnamese yadubula ngenene kwinqanawa yase-US kufutshane nonxweme lwabo, oko bekungayi kuba naluphi na uhlobo lomthetho, ngaphantsi kokuziphatha, ukulunga kokunyusa imfazwe. Bendingayithanda into yokuba abantu bebenokuyiqonda loo ngqiqo baze bayisebenzise kuLwandle Olumnyama, kuLwandle Olubomvu, nakuzo zonke ezinye iindawo zomhlaba namhlanje.
Kodwa iGulf of Tonkin ixoka malunga nobundlobongela baseVietnam ngokuchasene neenqanawa zase-US ezijikeleza ngokungenatyala kwaye zidubula elunxwemeni lwaseVietnam zazingabonakali kubantu abanokholo kwindima yaseMelika yeGlobal Policeman. Kwakufuneka umntu abubeke elubala ubuxoki. Kwafuneka umntu abhale ukuba eneneni uNobhala we-So-Called Defense kunye noMongameli bayaxoka. Ngokudabukisayo, akukho mntu wenze oko kwiiyure zokuqala ze-24 emva kweengxoxo zekomiti yeCongressional, kwaye yayiyiyo yonke into eyayithatha iCongress ukuba inike umongameli imfazwe.
Kwaye kwakungamashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba imibhalo ye-White House iphume nangaphambi kokuba i-Arhente yoKhuseleko yeSizwe ivume, kunye neminyaka eyongezelelweyo ngaphambi kokuba owayesakuba nguNobhala uRobert McNamara enze. Nangona kunjalo, ezo zityhilelo zaqinisekisa nje into eyaziwa ngabantu ababenikela ingqalelo. Kwaye babeyazi ngenxa ye-IF Stone owathi kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa emva kwesehlo (esingesiso) upapashe uhlelo olunamaphepha amane encwadana yakhe yeveki malunga noTonkin.
Uhlalutyo lweStone luluncedo ekujongeni isiganeko okanye ukungabikho kwaso kule nyanga iphelileyo kuLwandle oluBomvu kude neYemen. Kwaye eneneni kukwiYemen apho iLitye latyhila kwangoko iphepha loku-1 ngo-1964. IZizwe eziManyeneyo, kuquka nonozakuzaku wazo wase-US, zazisanda kulugxeka uhlaselo lwase-Bhritane eYemen olukhuselwe yiBritane njengempindezelo. Umongameli uDwight Eisenhower ukwalumkise amaFrentshi ngohlaselo lokuziphindezela eTunisia. Kwaye uMongameli uLyndon Johnson, nangexesha likaTonkin, amanqaku e-Stone, wayelumkisa iGrisi neTurkey ukuba bangazibandakanyi kuhlaselo lokuziphindezela omnye komnye.
UStone, owayethanda ukujonga nemithetho ebhaliweyo ekungekho mntu wumbi wayihoyayo, wachaza ukuba abathathu kubo baluyekile olu hlobo lohlaselo: i-League of Nations Covenant, i-Kellogg-Briand Pact, kunye ne-UN Charter. Ezi zimbini zokugqibela zisekho ngokwethiyori kurhulumente wase-US.
I-United States eVietnam, iStone iyaqhubeka nokubonisa, ngekhe ihlaselwe ngokumsulwa kodwa yona ngokwayo yavuma ukuba sele itshonile inani leenqanawa zaseVietnam. Kwaye ngenene iinqanawa zase-US, iingxelo zeStone, zazikumanzi aseMantla eVietnam kwaye zazikhona ukunceda iinqanawa zaseSouth Vietnamese ezazigqogqa iziqithi ezibini zaseMntla Vietnam. Kwaye eneneni ezo nqanawa zazinikelwe eMzantsi Vietnam ngumkhosi wase-US kunye nabahlawuli berhafu abadala baseMelika.
UStone wayengenakufikelela kwiindibano zekomiti ezivaliweyo, kodwa wayengayifuni. Waqwalasela iintetho ezenziwe kwiintetho zamalungu amabini e-senator kuphela avotela ngokuchasene nemfazwe. Kwaye emva koko wajonga nabaphi na abaphinda babuyela koosihlalo beekomiti. Wafumanisa ukuba ukukhanyela kwabo kukungakhanyeli nokungabi nangqiqo. Ayinangqiqo into yokuba iinqanawa zase-US zenzekile ukuba zijinga ngokungenamkhethe kwindawo ekufutshane neenqanawa zaseSouth Vietnamese. UStone akazange akholelwe.
Ilitye likwagcwalise ulwazi olungasemva. I-United States ibixhasa uhlaselo lwabanqolobi eNyakatho yeVietnam iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba kungenzeki. Kwaye i-Stone yaphakamisa izinto ezininzi ezikrokrelayo, kubandakanya nombuzo wokuba kutheni iinqanawa zase-US ziqinisekisa ukuba ziphumile kumanzi aphesheya ukuze kwenzeke (esinga-) sehlo, kunye nombuzo wokuba kutheni na emhlabeni iVietnam ithatha inyathelo. Umkhosi wase-United States (into ekungekho mntu unokuchaza, nangona u-Eugene McCarthy ecebise ukuba mhlawumbi babenesithukuthezi).
Akukho kwifilim nakwiwebhusayithi ye Bonke oorhulumente bayaxoka ngumsebenzi we-IF Stone kubuxoki malunga nokuqhambuka kweMfazwe yaseKorea. Sifunde ngakumbi oko wayibhalayo, kodwa sabona ingqiqo, ifanelekile, okanye ifike ngexesha lokuqonda kwethu iKorea kunye nehlabathi namhlanje.
