Kutheni ndiya e-Ireland ukuzama ukulungisa i-United States

NguDavid Swanson, Septemba 4, 2018

IUnited States ichitha malunga nezihlandlo ezihlanu kwinto eyenziwa yiTshayina emkhosini wayo. Kwaye ichitha ngaphezulu kwiziseko zayo zomkhosi kwamanye amazwe abantu kunalo naliphi na ilizwe ngaphandle kwayo okanye iTshayina ichitha kuwo wonke umkhosi wayo. IUnited States igcina amabutho phantse kuwo onke amazwe asemhlabeni, kuquka nama-800 ukuya kwi-1,000 iziseko zomkhosi ezinkulu ngaphandle kwe-United States. Ezinye izizwe zehlabathi ezidityanisiweyo (uninzi lwazo zingamahlakani ase-US kunye nabathengi bezixhobo) zigcina ishumi elinesibini leziseko zangaphandle zizonke. I-imperialism sisigulo saseMelika esisodwa, nangona wonke umntu efumana umonakalo.

I-Ireland lilizwe elibotshelelwe ngokusemthethweni ukuligcina ukungathathi hlangothi kodwa ngokukhutheleyo ukuncedisa kulwaphulo-mthetho lweemfazwe zase-US. Oku kuza kwe-11/11 yi-Armistice Day 100, kwaye ngelixa i-Trump iye yaba thintelwa ekubambeni iparade yezixhobo eWashington, kuyabonakala ukuba ujonge eFransi kwaye Ayalend. Yiza, France, beka izixhobo kude! Musa ukwamkela i-fascists! Yiza, Ireland! Ungamoyikisa! Mgrogrise ngokumbambisa!

"Sikhonza uKumkani okanye uKaiser, kodwa i-Ireland," ithetha Iminyaka eyi-100 edlulileyo kwi-facade IHolo yoKhuseleko eDublin njengoko i-Irish iphumelele walaukuba ifakwe kwimfazwe yaseBritani. "Asamkeli nokuba nguMongameli okanye i-Imperial Buffoon" inokuba yibhena entsha elungileyo yokukhuthaza i-Ireland engenaTrump.

Ngeentsuku zotyelelo lukaTrump olunokwenzeka, kunye nemibhiyozo yehlabathi jikelele yoxolo kunye nentshukumo yokuphelisa yonke imfazwe Usuku lweArmistice 100, ndiza kuba nenxaxheba, kunye nabantu abavela kwihlabathi liphela, kwi inkomfaeLiberty Hall ngoNovemba 16-18 ukuxoxa ngeenzame zokuvala iziseko zomkhosi zase-US kunye ne-NATO.

Ukuba unjengabantu abaninzi e-United States, unokwazi ngokucacileyo ukuba umkhosi wase-US ugcina amaninzi amabutho amiselwe ngokusisigxina kumaziko angaphandle kwihlabathi. Kodwa ngaba uke wazibuza kwaye uphando ngokwenene ukuze ufumanise ukuba zininzi, kwaye ziphi na, kwaye ziphi iindleko, kunye nenjongo yintoni, kwaye ngohlobo luni ubudlelwane kunye neentlanga ezihlangene?

Ezinye iisiseko ze-800 kunye namakhulu ezinkulungwane zemikhosi kwiintlanga ze-70, kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zabanye "abaqeqeshi" kunye nezenzo "ezingasigxina" ezihlala ngokungapheliyo, zilondoloze ubukho bempi base-United States ehlabathini lonke ukuze kuthengiswe ixabiso lentengo ye-$ 100 ibhiliyoni ngonyaka.

Ngoba benza oku ngumbuzo onzima ukuwuphendula, kodwa xa uTrump, kubo bonke abantu, ebonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kuvunyelwe uxolo kunye nomanyano eKorea, i-United States Congress ngokukhawuleza yatsibela ukuba isisindise sonke kwintlekele enjalo, ukwalela ukususwa kwemikhosi yase-US eKorea.

Abathengi bemithombo yeendaba e-US bafunda malunga nokususwa kwabantu bonke besiqithi sase-Diego Garcia ukuququzelela ukwakhiwa kwesiseko somkhosi wase-US ekhayeni labo ngokusebenzisa. Iingxelo oko kugxininisa kakhulu imfuneko "yeqhinga" yesiseko. (Eli lityala eliphambi kweNkundla yeHlabathi yoBulungisa kule veki.)

Nokuba ucinga ukuba kukho isizathu sokukwazi ukukhawuleza ukuhambisa amawaka emikhosi yase-US kuyo nayiphi na indawo emhlabeni, iinqwelomoya ngoku zenza oko kube lula ukusuka eUnited States ukusuka eKorea okanye eJapan okanye eJamani okanye eItali okanye uDiego Garcia. Leyo ayisiyiyo inkcazo epheleleyo yezizathu ezisemva kwesiseko sehlabathi sase-US.

Kubiza kakhulu ukugcina amajoni kwamanye amazwe, kwaye ngelixa abanye abakhuseli besiseko benza ityala loncedo lwezoqoqosho, ubungqina bokuthi uqoqosho lwasekhaya luzuza kancinci - kwaye luhlupheka kancinci xa isiseko sishiya. Noqoqosho lwase-US aluzuzi nto, kunjalo. Endaweni yoko, iikontraka ezithile ezinelungelo ziyaxhamla, kunye nabo bezopolitiko abaxhasa ngemali amaphulo abo. Kwaye ukuba ucinga ukuba inkcitho yasemkhosini ayinakuphendula ekhaya, kuya kufuneka ujonge iziseko zaphesheya apho kungekho nto inqabileyo kakhulu ukuba noonogada baqeshwe kuphela ukugada abapheki abamsebenzi wabo ikukondla oonogada kuphela. Umkhosi unegama layo nayiphi na i-SNAFU eqhelekileyo, kwaye igama lale "yi-ice cream yokuzikhotha."

Iziseko, kwiimeko ezininzi, zivelisa inani elininzi lokwenyanya inzondo kunye nenzondo, ukukhonza njengezizathu zokuhlaselwa kwiziseko ngokwazo okanye kwezinye iindawo - zibandakanya ngokuhlaselwa kukaSeptemba 11, 2001.

Iziseko ezijikeleze imida yaseRashiya kunye neChina zivelisa intsha entsha kunye neentambo, kunye neziphakamiso zaseRashiya neChina zokuvula iziseko zangaphandle. Njengamanje onke amaziko angaphandle ase-US angaphandle kwamazwe angama-30, kunye neninzi yalabo abasondelene nabo base-US, kwaye akukho namnye wabo ophakathi okanye e-United States. .

Iziseko ezininzi zase-US zisingathwe ngoozwilakhe abakhohlakeleyo. Uphononongo lwezemfundo luchonge utyekelo oluqinileyo lwase-US lokukhusela ubuzwilakhe apho iUnited States ineziseko. Ukuthi krwaqu nje kwiphephandaba kuya kukuxelela okufanayo. Ulwaphulo-mthetho eBahrain alulingani nolwaphulo-mthetho e-Iran. Ngapha koko, xa oorhulumente abakhohlakeleyo nabangenademokhrasi okwangoku bebamba iziseko zase-US (ngokomzekelo, iHonduras, iAruba, iCuraçao, iMauritania, iLiberia, iNiger, iBurkina Faso, iCentral African Republic, iChad, iEgypt, iMozambique, iBurundi, iKenya, iUganda, iTopiya. , i-Djibouti, i-Qatar, i-Oman, i-UAE, i-Bahrain, i-Saudi Arabia, i-Kuwait, i-Jordan, i-Israel, i-Turkey, i-Georgia, i-Afghanistan, i-Pakistan, i-Thailand, i-Cambodia, okanye i-Singapore) iyaqhankqalaza, kukho ipateni yokwanda kwenkxaso yase-US kurhulumente, eyenza ukugxothwa kweziseko zase-US kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba urhulumente angawa, nto leyo ebangela umjikelo okhohlakeleyo owandisa inzondo edumileyo kurhulumente wase-US. I-US yaqala ukwakha iziseko ezitsha eHonduras kungekudala emva kobhukuqo luka-2009.

Iziseko ezincinci ezingahlali amashumi amawaka omkhosi, kodwa amaqela afihlakeleyo abulalayo okanye iidrones, nazo zinotyekelo lokwenza iimfazwe zibe lula. Imfazwe yedrone eYemen eyabhalwa yimpumelelo nguMongameli u-Obama incede ukubamba imfazwe enkulu.

Ukufuna kukarhulumente wase-US ukulawula nokoyisa kwakhe kwakha iziseko kumazwe amaMerika Omthonyama, kwaye ngoku kwezinye iindawo ezininzi ezibizwa ngokuba “ngummandla wamaIndiya.” Ngenkulungwane yama-20, i-impiriyali yase-US yaya ehlabathini lonke. Xa iFDR yatyelela iZibuko iPearl (engeyonxalenye yeUnited States eneneni) ngoJulayi 28, 1934, umkhosi waseJapan wavakalisa uloyiko. Jikelele Kunishiga Tanaka wabhala kwi Umkhangisi waseJapan,ukuchasana nokwakhiwa kweenqwelo zaseMerika kunye nokudalwa kweziseko ezongezelelweyo e-Alaska kunye neAleutian Islands (kwaye ayikho inxalenye ye-United States): "Ukuziphatha okunjalo okuthukayo kusenza sikhankasele. Kusenza sicinge ukuba ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kukhuthazwa ngenjongo ePacific. Kuzisola kakhulu. "

Emva koko, ngo-Matshi 1935, uRoosevelt wanika i-Wake Island kwi-US Navy kwaye wamnika iPam Am Airways imvume yokwakha i-Wake Island, eMidway Island naseGuam. Abalawuli bezempi baseJapan babhengeza ukuba baphazamiseka kwaye bajonge le mijelo njengengozi. Kwakhona nabalandeli bezoxolo eMelika. Ngenyanga ezayo, uRoosevelt wayecebise imidlalo yemfazwe kunye neendlela ezikufutshane neAleutian Islands kunye neMidway Island. Ngenyanga elandelayo, abavukeli bezoxolo babehamba eNew York bexela ubuhlobo kunye neJapan. UNorman Thomas wabhala kwi-1935: "Indoda evela eMars eyazibona indlela abantu abahlupheke ngayo kwimfazwe yokugqibela kunye nokuba bazimisele kangakanani ukulungiselela imfazwe eyalandelayo, abayaziyo baya kuba nzima, babeza kufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba wayejonge lokukhosela kwenyango. "AmaJapan ahlasela iWake Island emva kweentsuku ezine emva kokuhlasela iPearl Harbor.

Kucingelwa ukuba iMfazwe Yehlabathi II iphelile. Kutheni imikhosi ingazange ibuye ekhaya? Kutheni beqhubeka nokusasaza iinqaba zabo kwi "Indian Territory," de i-US ineziseko zangaphandle ezingaphezulu kunabo nabuphi na obunye ubukhosi kwimbali, nanjengoko ixesha lokoyisa indawo liye laphela, nanjengoko icandelo elibalulekileyo labemi liyekile ukucinga. “yamaIndiya” nabanye abantu basemzini njengamarhamncwa angengobantu abangenamalungelo afanele ukuhlonelwa?

Esinye isizathu, esichazwe kakuhle nguDavid Vine kwincwadi yakhe Isizwe soLwazi, sisizathu esifanayo sokuba isiseko esikhulu sase-US e-Guantanamo, eCuba, sisetyenziselwa ukuvalela abantu ngaphandle kwezilingo. Ngokulungiselela iimfazwe kwiindawo zangaphandle, i-US ihlala ikwazi ukuphepha zonke iintlobo zezithintelo zomthetho - kubandakanywa nomsebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo, singasathethi ngohenyuzo. I-GIs ehlala eJamani ibhekiselele kudlwengulo "njengokukhulula i-blonde," kwaye indawo yentlekele yesondo ejikeleze iziseko zase-US iqhubekile ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, nangona isigqibo se-1945 sokuqalisa ukuthumela iintsapho ukuba zihlale namajoni - umgaqo-nkqubo oquka ngoku ukuhambisa ijoni ngalinye. izinto zehlabathi eziquka iimoto ezihamba nazo kwihlabathi jikelele, singasathethi ke ngokubonelela ngononophelo lwezempilo oluhlawulelwa umntu omnye kunye nenkcitho ephindwe kabini yokufunda njengomlinganiselo wesizwe ekhaya. Oonongogo abasebenzela iziseko zase-US eMzantsi Korea nakwezinye iindawo bahlala bengamakhoboka. IiPhilippines, eziye zafumana “uncedo” lwase-US okoko nje nabani na, ibonelela ngabona basebenzi bekontraka kwiziseko zase-US, ukupheka, ukucoca, nayo yonke enye into-kunye nokuba abona bahenyukazi bangeniswa kwamanye amazwe, njengaseMzantsi Korea.

Iziza ezizimeleyo kwaye ezingekho mthethweni ziquka indawo apho umkhosi waseMelika ukhupha abantu basekuhlaleni. Ezi zibandakanya iziseko e-Diego Garcia, eGreenland, e-Alaska, eHawaii, ePanama, ePuerto Rico, e-Marshall Islands, e-Guam, ePhilippines, e-Okinawa, nase-South Korea - kunye nabantu abaxoshwa nje ngoku nje nge-2006 eMzantsi Korea.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II i-US Navy yathatha isiqithi esincinane saseHawaii saseKho'alawe ngenxa yokuhlola izixhobo kwaye yalela abemi bayo ukuba bahambe. Esi siqithi siye sahlala laliswa. Ngowe-1942, uMkhosi waManzi waseUnited States wabagxotha abantu baseAleutian Islanders. UMongameli uHarry Truman wenza isigqibo sokuba abemi bomthonyama be-170 baseBikini Atoll babengenalungelo kwisiqithi sabo ngo-1946. Wabakhupha ngoFebruwari nangoMatshi we-1946, kwaye balahlwa njengeembacu kwezinye iziqithi ngaphandle kwenkxaso okanye isakhiwo sentlalo. endaweni. Kwiminyaka ezayo, iUnited States izakususa abantu abali-147 e-Enewetak Atoll kunye nabo bonke abantu baseLib Island. Uvavanyo lwebhombu yeathom yase-US kunye ne-hydrogen lunike iziqithi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezingahlali bantu kwaye zisenabemi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni abantu bafuduke ngakumbi. Ukutyhubela iminyaka yoo-1960, umkhosi wase-US wagxotha amakhulu abantu eKwajalein Atoll. Ighetto enabemi abaninzi yenziwa e-Ebeye.

On Vieques, ukusuka ePuerto Rico, i-US Navy yashiya amawaka abantu abemi phakathi kwe1941 kunye ne-1947, yazisa iiplani zokuxosha i-8,000 eseleyo kwi-1961, kodwa yaphoqeleka ukuba iphinde ihambe nayo-kwi-2003 - ukuyeka ukuqhuma ibhomu kwisiqithi. KwiCulebra eseduze, uMbutho weNavy uthumele amawaka phakathi kwe-1948 kunye no-1950 kwaye uzama ukususa abo basele bahlala kwi-1970. Umlambo ulungile ngoku ukhangele kwisiqithi Iintlanga njengokuba kunokwenzeka ukutshintshwa kwe-Vieques, uluntu olususususwe lukhutshwe yi-volcanic eruption. Ngokuqinisekileyo, nayiphi na indlela yokubuyela kuyo iya kuncipha kakhulu.

Ukuqala ngexesha leMfazwe yehlabathi yesibili kodwa ukuqhubela phambili kwi-1950s, umkhosi waseMelika washiya i-Okinawans isigidi sesigidi, okanye isiqingatha sabantu, bevela ezweni labo, ukuphoqelela abantu kwiinkampu zababaleki kunye nokuthumela amawaka kubo eBolivia-apho kwakukho umhlaba kunye nemali kodwa ayizange ihanjiswe.

Kwi-1953, iUnited States yenza isivumelwano kunye neDenmark ukususa abantu be-150 Inughuit ukusuka eThule, eGreenland, banika imihla emine ukuba baphume okanye bajongane ne-bulldozers. Bathi banqatshelwe ilungelo lokubuyela.

Phakathi kwe-1968 kunye ne-1973, i-United States ne-Great Britain ibathumba bonke i-1,500 kubahlali be-2,000 baseG Diego Garcia, bajikeleza abantu baze baxoshe kwiinqanawa ngelixa bebulala izinja zabo kwigumbi legesi baze bathathe ilifa labo ilizwe lonke ukuze basebenzise i-US umkhosi.

Ukukhutshwa kwabantu basePalestine ngokudalwa kunye nokuqhubeka komkhosi kwaSirayeli ngeendlela ezininzi kuhambelana nezinye iimeko zokwakhiwa kwesiseko somkhosi wase-US.

Urhulumente waseMzantsi Korea, owakhupha abantu ngokukhula kwe-United States kwilizwe le-2006, sele, ekugqibeleni kwe-US Navy, kwiminyaka yakutshanje yayibhubhise idolophana, inxweme yayo kunye ne-130 iihektare zasemaphandleni kwiSiqithi saseJeju ukuze unikezela iUnited States ngolunye ulawulo lwezempi.

Kwimakhulu kwamanye amasayithi apho abantu abazange baxoshwe khona, kunokufuna ukuba kubekho. Iziseko ezisemzini ziye zahlaselwa yingozi. Ukuvutha komlilo, izixhobo ezingabonakaliyo, iibhokhwe zijikelele emanzini asemhlabeni-ezi zonke indawo. I-fuel fuel leak e-Kirkland Air Force Base e-Albuquerque, i-NM, iqalile kwi-1953 kwaye yafunyanwa kwi-1999, yaye yayingaphindwe kabini ubukhulu be-Exxon Valdez. Iziseko zase-US ngaphakathi e-United States ziye zaphazamisa imvelo, kodwa kungekhona kwizinga lala mazwe angaphandle. Isithuthi esivela ku-Diego Garcia ukuqhuma i-Afghanistan kwi-2001 yatshitshiswa yaya ephantsi kolwandle kunye nemimandla ye-85-pound. Kwaye ubomi obuqhelekileyo ubomi buthatha umthwalo; Amajoni aseUnited States avelisa amaxesha amaninzi kathathu umlambo ngamnye njengabahlali bendawo, umzekelo, Okinawa.

Ukungakhathalelwa kwabantu kunye nomhlaba nolwandle kwakhelwe kwingcamango yeziseko zasemzini. I-United States ayinakuze inyamezele isiseko sesinye isizwe ngaphakathi kwemida yayo, kodwa ibabeka e-Okinawans, eMzantsi Korea, amaTaliyane, amaPhilippines, ama-Iraqis, kunye nabanye ngaphandle koqhanqalazo olukhulu.

Amazwe azikhuphile kwiziseko zase-US kwixesha elidlulileyo. Abaninzi bafuna ukwenjenjalo ngoku, kwaye thina eUnited States siyabafuna. Ingqondo karhulumente wase-US yokulawula ihlabathi iyasenzakalisa thina kwanabo bangamasimi. Indibano ezayo eDublin iya kuba ngumzamo wokudibanisa abantu ngaphaya kwemida ekuchaseni imeko ekhohlakeleyo ekufuneka iziswe kwihlabathi lomthetho kunye noluntu olungenabundlobongela.