Iindidi Zobundlobongela

NguSuman Khanna Aggarwal, Meyi 22, 2020

“Inkulungwane yama-20 iya kukhunjulwa njengenkulungwane ephawulwe ngogonyamelo. Kusithwalisa uxanduva lokutshabalalisa abantu abaninzi, ubundlobongela obenziwe kwinqanaba elingazange libonwe kwaye lingaze lenzeke kwimbali yoluntu. Sityala abantwana bethu… ubomi obungenabundlobongela noloyiko. Ukuqinisekisa oku, kufuneka singadinwa kwiinzame zethu hayi nje ukufumana uxolo… kodwa… ukulungisa iingcambu zobundlobongela. Kungoko kuphela apho siya kuthi siguqule ilifa lethu lenkulungwane edlulileyo lisuke kumthwalo onzima lize libe sisilumkiso. ” - UNelson Mandela, Intshayelelo yeNgxelo yeHlabathi yezeMpilo yoBundlobongela kunye neMpilo, 2002

Ingxelo ye-World World ngobundlobongela kunye nezempilo (WRVH) ichaza ubundlobongela njenge:

"Ukusebenzisa amandla okomntu ngabom okanye amandla, ukugrogrisa okanye okwenyani, ngokuchasene nomnye umntu, okanye ngokuchasene neqela okanye uluntu olunokuthi lubangele okanye lube nomngcipheko omkhulu wokukhokelela ekonzakaleni, ekufeni, ekonzakaleni kwengqondo, ekuphuhlisweni okanye ekusukeni. "

Ubundlobongela basemzimbeni banokwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwa kathathu 

• Ubundlobongela oBuziqondayo - ngokuchasene nawe; ukuzibulala, ukuzenzakalisa; 
• Ubundlobongela obuhlanganisiweyo - ngokuchasene neqela okanye uluntu; kwezentlalo, kwezopolitiko okanye kwezoqoqosho. 
• Ubundlobongela obenzile -Mnye umntu.

Ubundlobongela ngokuthe ngqo kubume bendalo bunokubizwa ngokuba Ubundlobongela bendalo. Olu hlobo lobundlobongela luhlala lubotshelelwa ngokusondeleyo kwinzuzo kurhwebo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka samkele ukuba asisenakuwuthatha lula umhlaba wethu, kunye nokuba ukungalingani kwendalo kwindalo yethu kungunobangela wokuxhalaba kakhulu. Ngoku sikwindawo yokufumana indawo, apho ukuqhubeka kokuxhaphaza ubutyebi beMhlaba ukuthuthuzela kunye nokufumana imali kuya kukhokelela kwintshabalalo yethu.

Ubundlobongela boLwakhiwo

Igama elithi Ubundlobongela oBumbeneyo lihlala libhekiswa kwisazi esidumileyo saseNorway kunye nomphandi woxolo, uJohan Galtung. Uqale wazisa eli gama kwinqaku lakhe elithi 'Ubundlobongela, Uxolo, kunye noPhando loXolo,' eyapapashwa ngo-1969. Ubundlobongela boSiseko bubhekisa kuhlobo lobundlobongela apho imibutho yezentlalo / yenkcubeko okanye amaziko enzakalisa abantu ngokubathintela ekufezekiseni iimfuno zabo ezisisiseko. Unxantathu woGonyamelo lukaGaltung (apha ngasentla) wenza umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwezi ntlobo zontathu zobundlobongela.

UGaltung uthi unxantathu wobundlobongela unesakhiwo esifana nesomkhenkce, apho kuhlala kukho indawo encinci ebonakalayo nenxalenye enkulu efihlakeleyo. Ubundlobongela ngqo, kuba uninzi lwempembelelo zayo ziyabonakala, ziyahambelana nesiqithi seqhwa. Yinto exhaphakileyo ukucinga ukuba ubundlobongela ngqo ngokuthe ngqo lolona hlobo lubi lobundlobongela ngenxa yokubonakala kwayo, okwenza kube lula ukubona kwaye ke ngoko ukulwa. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuyonyaniso. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ubundlobongela obu ngqo ngqo luphawu, ukubonakaliswa kwesizathu esona sinzulu, imvelaphi yakhe ilele kwindawo efihlakeleyo yomkhenkce: kubundlobongela ngokwenkcubeko nangokwesakhiwo. Ke ngoko, ubundlobongela ngokwamasiko kunye nobume bezinto eziqhelekileyo zihlala zingunobangela wobundlobongela ngqo kwaye ubundlobongela ngqo buqinisa ubundlobongela ngokwamasiko nezenkcubeko, zikhokelela kwisangqa esikhohlakeleyo sogonyamelo.

Ubundlobongela benkcubeko

Ubundlobongela benkcubeko bufumana inkolo, umbono, ulwimi, ubugcisa, isayensi, ezosasazo, imfundo, njl njl. Kwaye lusebenza ukuba kugunyaziswe ubundlobongela ngokuthe ngqo nobume bezinto kunye nokuthintela okanye ukucinezela impendulo yamaxhoba. Imiliselwe kukukholelwa kokuphakama kwenkcubeko enye ngaphezu kwesinye, isizwe esinye ngaphezulu kwesinye, isizwe esinye phezu kwezinye, njl.njl .nokunika izizathu zokuba abantu, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo, babange ubundlobongela kunye nokubhujiswa, kwaye bavuzwe. ngandlela thile ukwenza oko.

Ubundlobongela obufihlakeleyo

Kuba bobabini oBundlobongela boLwakhiwo kunye neNkcubeko ziindlela ezifihlakeleyo zobundlobongela kunye nocalucalulo, banokubuyiselwa phantsi kobundlobongela obufihlakeleyo. Umzekelo woku unokubonwa kwindlela ezicwangcisiweyo ezinye iiNkomfa zaMazwe ngaMazwe. Izithethi zabasetyhini zihlala zinikwa ixesha lokutsalwa kuphela emva kwemini okanye ukuya kuthi ga kwisiphelo sebala, xa ababakho bethamba okanye abathathi-nxaxheba baziva bediniwe kwaye bengasazimiselanga ukumamela ngokusondeleyo.

Ugonyamelo lwengqondo

Ubundlongondlongo ngengqondo bubhekisa ekuhlukumezeni ngokwasemphefumlweni nangokweemvakalelo, ukuhlukunyezwa kunye nokulingana kwawo. Umzekelo, umtshakazi omncinci waseIndiya unokwenziwa ukuba azive ephantsi ngenxa yokuba ibala lakhe limnyama, okanye unokuhlala egculelwa ngoomolokazana bakhe abaphantsi bengabanikwanga ulwaneliseko olwaneleyo. Esi sisizekabani esicacileyo sobundlobongela bengqondo obunokwenzeka ngokulula kuluntu lwaseIndiya. 

Kungabonakala apha ukuba ukuqala, kumaxesha angaphambi kwale mihla e-India, idowry yayiyindlela yokunika intombi isabelo sayo sepropathi yomhlaba ngendlela yobucwebe okanye imali, awayenelungelo lokuyithathela ingqalelo kwaye yayiqwalaselwa. I-renosanct yakhe ngumyeni wakhe kunye nabazala. Kuphela kuxa uluntu lwaseIndiya luye ngakumbi ukuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo apho umyeni oza kuba ngumyeni kunye nosapho bakhe baqala ukufuna kunye nokwamkelwa. Dowry yaba semthethweni kwaye wohlwaywa ngesigwebo sentambo e-India kunye ne-Dowry Prohibition Act ngo-1961, kodwa isenziwa ngokufihlakeleyo ngabazizityebi, abakumgangatho ophakathi kunye nabangathathi ntweni ngokufanayo. I-Dowry ayisiyonto eyahlukileyo yamaNdiya; iinkqubo ezifanayo zikhona kwezinye inkcubeko.

Kwinqanaba lomntu, umzekelo wobundlobongela bengqondo kuxa omnye obalulekileyo kubudlelwane enika iqabane lakhe unyango olungathethiyo. I-Ostracism kusapho lomntu kunye / okanye noluntu ikwalolu hlobo lobundlobongela bengqondo. Umzekelo, imbali kaGandhi ichaza indlela awayegxothwa ngayo UCupola Uluntu xa lwalusiya eNgilane ukuyofundela ezomthetho, kuba yayiyicawe yokuya kumazwe aphesheya.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesondo

Ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo bunyhasha ubungcwele bexhoba. I-Pedophilia, udlwengulo, kubandakanya udlwengulo lomtshato, kunye nokurhweba ngabantu konke kuyawa kolu luhlu. Abantu abadala kunye nabantwana banokurhweba ngokungekho mthethweni okanye babe ngamakhoboka kwaye banyanzelwe ukuba bathengise imizimba yabo ngokwesondo. 

Ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo bunokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo semfazwe. Omabini amadoda kunye nabasetyhini banokuba ngamaxhoba olu hlobo lobundlobongela. Isigqibo seBhunga lezoKhuseleko leZizwe eziManyeneyo 1820, eyamkelwa ngo-2008, ichaza ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo "njengecebo lokulwa, ukuhlazisa, ukonyusa, ukonyusa uloyiko, ukusasaza kunye / okanye ukuhambisa ngenkani abantu abangabemi okanye abahlali ..." Kumaxesha akutsha nje, ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo buye busetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokubala imfazwe ngokukodwa kwiimeko zongquzulwano lobuzwe. Olu hlobo lobundlobongela ekugqibeleni kuyaxoxwa ngalo kwindawo yoluntu. Ngo-2018, i INdel Peace Prize kwabelwane nge-Gynecologist yaseCongo uGqirha Denis Mukwege kunye nomzabalazo weYazidi uNadia Murad "Kwimizamo yabo yokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo njengesixhobo semfazwe kunye nemfazwe."

Ubundlobongela bokomoya

Olona hlobo lubugqithileyo lobundlobongela ke olo olunokubizwa ngokuba yeyokomoya. Olu hlobo lobundlobongela lubangelwa kukugxininiswa kakhulu kwizinto ezibonakalayo zomntu njengokuchasene nokomoya yakhe. Xa ungumzali, iinkqubo zemfundo kunye neendlela zokuphila zijolise ekwakheni umzimba nengqondo kodwa ungawuhoyi umoya, zinokuhlelwa njengogonyamelo lokomoya. Esi simo sengqondo sinokuthiwa sisisenzo sobundlobongela kuba silimaza ngokupheleleyo ukubakho komntu. Ukungalingani okunjalo ekukhuliseni kuphembelela abantwana - ngakumbi xa sele bekhulile - ukuba bathathe indlela yobomi yokuthanda izinto ngokungafanelekanga, abathengi kunye nokuthanda kakhulu. Oku kunokonakalisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, kukhokelela kwisizungu, uxinzelelo, ubudlelwane obonakeleyo kunye nezigulo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo. Ewe, ukungabinamdla kwizinto zethu zokomoya kusixabisa kakhulu.

UGqr Suman Khanna Aggarwal ngu fI-ormer Uprofesa weFilosofi kwiDyunivesithi yaseDelhi kunye noMsunguli kunye Mongameli Shanti Sahyog, i-Gandhian NGO, kunye ne IZiko leShanti Sahyog loXolo kunye nokusonjululwa kwempixano eIndiya.