NguMarc Eliot Stein, nge-10 kaFebruwari ngo-2020

Kutshanje bendimenywe ukuba ndizokuthetha kwindibano yokupheliswa kweNgxokolo kwiSixeko saseNew York World BEYOND War. Umnyhadala wenzelwe ukudibanisa amaqela amathathu: iintshukumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukudibana kwabasebenzi kwezobugcisa, kunye nabaphembeleli bemfazwe. Saqala ngeakhawunti evuthayo yomntu olwela intshabalalo yokutshintsha kwemozulu uHa Vu, oxelele indimbane yabantu baseNew York ngamava othusayo abambalwa kuthi: ukubuyela ekhayeni losapho lwabo eHanoi, eVietnam, apho ukunyusa ubushushu Sele ikwenzile ukuba kungabi lula ukuhamba ngaphandle ngexesha lokukhanya kwelanga. Bambalwa abantu baseMelika abakwaziyo malunga Ngo-2016 intlekele yokungcoliswa kwamanzi eHa Tinh kumbindi weVietnam. Sisoloko sithetha ngotshintsho lwemozulu njengengxaki enokubakho e-USA, Ha kugxininisiwe, kodwa eVietnam uyayibona sele iphazamisa ubomi kunye nendlela yokuphila, kwaye isiya isiba mandundu ngakumbi.

I-Nick Mottern ye YaziDrones.org Uthethe ngokungxamiseka okufanayo malunga notyalo-mali lomkhosi wase-US kutshanje kubukrelekrele bokuzenzela kunye nekhompyuter yelifu- kwaye wagxininisa kwisigqibo somkhosi sokuba ukuthunyelwa kweenkqubo ze-AI kulawulo lwezixhobo zenyukliya nakwimfazwe yedrone kuya kukhokelela kwimpazamo zobukhulu obungenakulindeleka. UWilliam Beckler we-Extinction Rebellion NYC elandelwa kukucacisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokuququzelela lo mbutho ubalulekileyo kwaye ukhula ngokukhawuleza wenza isenzo, kubandakanya amanyathelo aphazamisayo ayilelwe ukwazisa ngokubaluleka kokutshintsha kwemozulu. Sive kummeli weSixeko saseNew York I-Tech Workers Coalition, kwaye ndizamile ukurhola umhlangano ngokubhekisele kuxhobiso olusebenzayo ngokuthetha ngentshukumo yokuvukelwa kwabasebenzi bezobugcisa ephumelele ngokungalindelekanga.

Oku kwakungo-Epreli ngo-2018, xa into ebizwa ngokuba "ngumzi-mveliso wezokhuselo" yayizaza malunga neProjekthi Maven, iphulo elitsha lomkhosi lase-US elipapashwe kakhulu lokuphuhlisa amandla obukrelekrele bokufaka izixhobo kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokwenza izixhobo. UGoogle, iAmazon kunye neMicrosoft zonke zinikela ngamaqonga akusebenzisa ishelufa yabathengi bokuhlawula abathengi, kwaye uGoogle wabonwa njengophumeleleyo kwisivumelwano seProjekthi ye-Maven yomkhosi.

Ekuqaleni kuka-2018, abasebenzi bakaGoogle baqala ukuthetha. Abasiqondi ukuba kutheni inkampani eyayibathathe njengabasebenzi ngesibambiso esithi “Musani Ukuba Ngobubi” ngoku yayifuna iiprojekthi zomkhosi ezinokufana nesiqendu esimanyumnyezi se "Mbumbulu eMnyama" apho izinja zoomatshini ze-AI zixhokonxa khona abantu. izidalwa eziya ekufeni. Bathetha ngeendaba zosasazo zaseburhulumenteni kunye nakwiindawo zeendaba zemveli. Bacwangcisa iintshukumo kwaye bajikeleze amaxwebhu ezikhalazo kwaye bazenze baviwe.

Le mvukelo yabasebenzi yayiyeyona nto inyanzelekileyo yokuhamba kwabasebenzi kwiGoogle Workers Rebellion, kwaye yanceda nasekubumbeni abanye abasebenzi bezobuchwephesha. Kodwa eyona nto imangalisayo malunga noqhankqalazo lwangaphakathi lukaGoogle ngokuchasene neProjekthi Maven yayingengabo abasebenzi betheknoloji babethetha. Eyona nto imothusayo yile Ulawulo lukaGoogle lunikezelwe kwiimfuno zabasebenzi.

Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, oku kuyandikhathaza. Ndabona iingxaki ezininzi zokuziphatha kumashumi eminyaka njengabasebenzi bethekhinoloji, kodwa kunqabile ukuba ndibone inkampani enkulu ivuma ukujongana neengxaki ngendlela efanelekileyo. Iziphumo zokuvukela kukaGoogle ngokuchasene neProjekthi Maven yayikukupapashwa kweseti yemigaqo ye-AI ekufaneleyo ukuphinda iphinde ibhalwe apha ngokupheleleyo:

Ubugcisa beArtificial kuGoogle: Imigaqo yethu

UGoogle unqwenela ukwenza iitekhnoloji ezisombulula iingxaki ezibalulekileyo kunye nokunceda abantu kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Sinethemba elikhulu malunga namandla amangalisayo e-AI kunye nezinye iitekhnoloji eziphambili zokuxhobisa abantu, ukuxhamla ngokubanzi izizukulwana zangoku nezexesha elizayo, kwaye sisebenzela ukulunga.

Iinjongo zezicelo ze-AI

Siza kuvavanya izicelo ze-AI kujongwa ezi njongo zilandelayo. Siyakholelwa ukuba i-AI kufuneka:

1. Yiba yinzuzo ekuhlaleni.

Ukufikelela okwandisiweyo kweetekhnoloji ezintsha kuya kuchukumisa uluntu luphela. Ukuqhubela phambili kwi-AI kuya kuba neempembelelo zotshintsho kuluhlu olubanzi lwamabala, kubandakanya ukhathalelo lwempilo, ukhuseleko, amandla, ezothutho, ukuvelisa, kunye nokuzonwabisa. Njengoko sicinga ngokuphuhliswa okunokubakho kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-AI, siya kuthathela ingqalelo uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto zentlalo nezoqoqosho, kwaye siya kuqhubeka apho sikholelwa ukuba izibonelelo zizonke ezinokubakho kakhulu ngaphezulu komngcipheko obonakalayo kunye nokwehla.

I-AI ikwandiswa ukukwazi kwethu ukuqonda intsingiselo yomxholo kwinqanaba. Sizakuzama ukwenza ukuba umgangatho ophezulu kunye nolwazi oluchanekileyo lufumaneke ngokulula kusetyenziswa i-AI, ngelixa siqhubeka nokuhlonipha inkcubeko, intlalo, kunye nezomthetho kumazwe esisebenza kuwo. Kwaye siya kuqhubeka nokuvavanya okucingisisiweyo ukuba sizenza nini iitekhnoloji zethu ukuba zifumaneke ngaphandle kwezorhwebo.

2. Kunqande ukudala okanye ukuqiniswa kokukhetha okungafanelekanga.

I-algorithms kunye needatha zingabonakalisa, ziqinise, okanye zinciphise umkhethe ongalunganga. Siyaqonda ukuba ukwahlula phakathi ukulunga nokungakhethi cala akusoloko kulula, kwaye kwahlukile kwiinkcubeko nakwezentlalo. Siza kufuna ukuthintela iimpembelelo ezingezizo ebantwini, ngakumbi ezo zinxulumene neempawu ezibuthathaka ezinje ngobuhlanga, ubuzwe, isini, ilizwe, umvuzo, inkcubeko, ukukwazi, kunye neenkolelo zezopolitiko okanye ezenkolo.

3. Yakhelwe kwaye uvavanyelwe ukhuseleko.

Siza kuqhubeka siphuhlisa kwaye sisebenzise ukhuseleko olomeleleyo kunye nezenzo zokhuseleko ukuphepha iziphumo ezingalindelekanga ezidala umngcipheko wokwenzakala. Siza kuyila iinkqubo zethu ze-AI ukuba zilumke ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye sizame ukuziphuhlisa ngokuhambelana nezona ndlela zilungileyo kuphando lokhuseleko lwe-AI. Kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, siya kuvavanya itekhnoloji ye-AI kwimimandla enengxaki kwaye sijonge ukusebenza kwabo emva kokuhanjiswa.

4. Ziphendule ebantwini.

Siza kuyila iinkqubo ze-AI ezibonelela ngamathuba afanelekileyo okuphendula, inkcazo efanelekileyo, kunye nokubhena. Iitekhnoloji zethu ze-AI ziya kujongana nezikhokelo ezifanelekileyo nolawulo lomntu.

5. Ukuqulunqwa kwemigaqo yoyilo yabucala.

Siza kubandakanya imigaqo yethu eyimfihlo kuphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-AI. Siya kunika ithuba lesaziso kunye nemvume, sikhuthaze uyilo ngezikhuselo zobumfihlo, kwaye sinikeze ukucaciswa okufanelekileyo nolawulo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwedatha.

6. Ukuxhasa imigangatho ephezulu yokugqwesa kwisayensi.

Ukuqulunqwa kwetekhnoloji kugxilwe kwindlela yesayensi kunye nokuzibophelela ekuvuleleni imibuzo, ubukrelekrele bengqibelelo, ukuthembeka kunye nentsebenziswano. Izixhobo ze-AI zinamandla okuvula iindawo ezintsha zophando lwezesayensi kunye nolwazi kwimimandla ebalulekileyo njengebhayoloji, ikhemistri, amayeza, kunye nesayensi yendalo. Sinqwenela imigangatho ephezulu yokugqwesa kwisayensi njengoko sisebenzela ukuqhubela phambili kuphuhliso lwe-AI.

Siza kusebenza neqela labathathi-nxaxheba ukukhuthaza ubunkokeli obuqiqileyo kule ndawo, sisebenzisa iindlela ezingqongqo kwezesayensi nezohlukeneyo. Kwaye siya kwabelana ngokufanelekileyo nge-AI ulwazi ngokupapasha izixhobo zokufunda, ezona ndlela zilungileyo, kunye nophando olwenza ukuba abantu abaninzi bakwazi ukwenza izicelo eziluncedo ze-AI.

7. Yiba khona ukuze usetyenziselwe loo migaqo.

Iitekhnoloji ezininzi zineendlela ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo. Siya kusebenza ukumisela umda ezinokuba yingozi okanye zixhaphaze izicelo. Njengoko sisiphuhlisa kwaye sisasaza ubuchwephesha be-AI, siya kuvavanya ukusetyenziswa okunokubakho kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Injongo ephambili kunye nokusetyenziswa: Eyona njongo iphambili kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji kunye nokusetyenziswa, kubandakanya indlela isisombululo esimalunga nokusondela okanye silingane nokusetyenziswa okuyingozi
• Indalo nobunye: Nokuba senza itekhnoloji ekhoyo eyahlukileyo okanye ifumaneka ngokuthe gabalala
• Isilinganiselo: ingaba ukusetyenziswa kwale teknoloji kuya kuba nefuthe elibonakalayo
• Uhlobo lokuzibandakanya kukaGoogle: Nokuba ngaba sinikezela ngezixhobo ezijolise njenjongo ngokubanzi, ukudibanisa izixhobo zabathengi, okanye ukuphuhlisa izisombululo zesiko

Izicelo ze-AI asiyi kuzisukela

Ukongeza kwezi njongo zingasentla, asizukuyilela okanye sihambise i-AI kwezi ndawo zilandelayo zesicelo:

1. Iitekhnoloji ezibangela okanye ezinokubangela ingozi yonke. Apho kukho umngcipheko wokwenzakala kwizinto ezibonakalayo, siya kuqhubeka kuphela apho sikholelwa ukuba izibonelelo zibonga kakhulu umngcipheko, kwaye siya kubandakanya iingxaki zokuphepha.
2. Izixhobo okanye ezinye iitekhnoloji ezinenjongo eziphambili okanye ukuzalisekiswa kwazo ukubangela okanye ukuququzelela ngqo ukwenzakala ebantwini.
3. Iitekhnoloji eziqokelela okanye zisebenzisa ulwazi lokujonga ukophula imigaqo eyamkelweyo kwilizwe jikelele.
4. Iitekhnoloji ezinjongo zayo zichasene nemithetho eyamkelwe ngokubanzi yomthetho wamazwe kunye namalungelo oluntu.

Njengoko amava ethu kwesi sithuba esiya esiba nzulu, olu luhlu lunokuvela.

isiphelo

Siyakholelwa ukuba le mithetho-siseko sisiseko esifanelekileyo senkampani yethu kunye nophuhliso lwethu lwe-AI kwikamva lethu. Siyavuma ukuba le ndawo inamandla kwaye iyavela, kwaye siya kusondela emsebenzini wethu ngokuthobeka, ukuzibophelela kukongenelelo lwangaphakathi nangaphandle, kunye nokuzimisela ukulungelelanisa indlela yethu njengoko sifunda ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Esi siphumo siqinisekileyo asibushenxisi ubuchule bobuchwephesha kuGoogle ekubumbaneni kwezinye iindawo ezinenkxalabo enkulu, njengokuxhasa i-ICE, amapolisa kunye neminye imisebenzi yasemkhosini, ukubambana ngokuthengisa izinto zabucala malunga nabantu, ukufihla iingxelo zezopolitiko eziphikisayo kwiziphumo zenjini. kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ivumela abasebenzi bayo ukuba baqhubeke nokuthetha malunga neminye le micimbi ngaphandle kokugxothwa ngokwenza oko. Intshukumo yokuvukelwa kwabasebenzi kuGoogle ihlala isebenza kwaye ibandakanyeka kakhulu.

Kwangelo xesha, kubalulekile ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo impembelelo yokuhamba kwabasebenzi bakaGoogle. Oku kucace gca emva kokuqala koqhanqalazo kuGoogle: amasebe ethengisa iPentagon ayeke ukukhupha amaphepha emithombo emitsha malunga neprojekti eyayibekade inomdla, ekugqibeleni "yanyamalala" iprojekthi ngokupheleleyo ekubonakaleni koluntu eyayikade ilifuna. Endaweni yokuba, into entsha nenkulu yobukrelekrele bokuqalisa yavela kwi-Pentagon engacacanga IBhodi yezoTshintsho.

Oku kwabizwa Iprojekthi yeJEDI, igama elitsha lenkcitho ye-Pentagon kwizinto zokusika. Iprojekthi i-JEDI iza kuchitha imali eninzi kune-Maven yeProjekthi, kodwa uluntu luvavanyo lweprojekthi entsha (ewe umkhosi wase-US uchitha lot yexesha kunye nokuqwalaselwa koluntu nentengiso) yayahluke kakhulu kwinto yangaphambili. Yonke imifanekiso ethambileyo kunye ne-sexy "Black Mirror" ayisekho. Ngoku, endaweni yokugxininisa imoyikiso edlakudayo ne-cinematic dystopian drones ene-AI enamandla anokuthi abeke abantu, iProjekti JEDI ichaze ngokwayo njengenyathelo eliqinisekileyo lokuqhubela phambili ngokudibanisa, ukuhlanganisa uluhlu lweenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zamafu ukunceda “oomabhulashi bemfazwe” (igama elithandwayo lePentagon Abasebenzi abaphambili) kunye namaqela enkxaso e-ofisini akhulisa ukusebenza kolwazi. Apho i-Project Maven yenzelwe ukuvakala iyonwabisa kunye nekamva, I-JEDI yeProjekthi yenzelwe ukuba ivakale isengqiqweni kwaye isebenze.

Akukho nto inengqondo okanye esebenzayo malunga nethegi yexabiso leProjekthi JEDI. Esona sivumelwano sikhulu somkhosi emkhosini wehlabathi: $ 10.5 yezigidigidi. Uninzi lwamehlo ethu luqaqanjeka xa sisiva ngesikali senkcitho yomkhosi, kwaye siyakwazi ukutsiba umahluko phakathi kwezigidi nezigidi zezigidi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba inkulu kangakanani iProjekthi yeJEDI kunesiphi na isoftware yePentagon yangaphambili. Kukutshintsha komdlalo, injini evelisa ubutyebi, itsheki engenanto yokwenza ingeniso kubarhafi.

Kuyanceda ukukrwela ngaphantsi komphezulu wokushicilelwa kukarhulumente xa uzama ukuqonda inkcitho yomkhosi engenanto engenanto inkulu njenge- $ 10.5 yezigidigidi. Olunye ulwazi lunokufunyanwa kupapasho lomkhosi, njengokuphazamisa Ngo-Agasti ka-2019 udliwanondlebe kunye neZiko eliDibeneyo leArhente yoBukrelekrele uLieutenant General Jack Shanahan, uphawu oluphambili kuzo zombini I-Project Maven kunye neProjekthi JEDI entsha. Ndiye ndakwazi ukufumana ngakumbi ukuqonda malunga nendlela abakhuseli beli candelo labakhuselo abacinga ngayo ngeProjekti JEDI ngokumamela i-podcast yomzi wokhuselo obizwa "Iprojekthi ye-38: Ikamva lokuBekwa kweNkontileka kukaRhulumente". Iindwendwe zePodcast zihlala zithetha ngokungathandabuzekiyo kwaye zingenantloni malunga nesihloko esixoxa ngaso. “Abantu abaninzi bazothenga amadama amatsha okuqubha kulo nyaka” yayiqhelekile le ncoko ingaphakathi yePodcast malunga neProjekthi yeJEDI. Siqinisekile ukuba baya kuba njalo.

Nantsi into ephawulekayo ebuyela kwimigaqo ye-AI yeGoogle. Abaphambili abathathu ngokucacileyo kwisivumelwano esikhulu se-10.5 yezigidigidi se-JEDI ngeba yiGoogle, iAmazon neMicrosoft- ngolandelelwano, ngokusekwe kwizikhundla zabo njengabaqambi be-AI. Ngenxa yoqhankqalazo lwabasebenzi bechasene neProjekthi ye-Maven ngo-2018, inkokheli ye-AI uGoogle ebengathathelwa ngqalelo iprojekthi enkulu kakhulu yeJEDI kwi2019. Ekupheleni konyaka we-2019, kwabhengezwa ukuba ikhontrakthi iye kwaMicrosoft. Ukulandelwa kokulandelwa kweendaba kulandelwe, kodwa le ngxelo yayijolise ikakhulu kukhuphiswano phakathi kweAmazon neMicrosoft, nakwindawo yesithathu iMicrosoft yayivunyelwe ukubetha indawo yeAmazon kwindawo yesibini ngenxa yeemfazwe eziqhubekayo zolawulo lukaTrump neWashington Post, eyeye-Jeff Bezos yaseAmazon. IAmazon ngoku iya enkundleni ukuya kulwa ne-Pentagon ye-3 yezigidigidi zesipho kwiMicrosoft, kwaye i-Oracle iyamangalela nayo. Amagqabantshintshi avela kwiProjekhthi ye-podcast ekhankanywe apha ngasentla- “Abantu abaninzi bazakuthenga amachibi okuqubha amatsha kulo nyaka” - ayibhekiseli kuphela kwinxaso mali kaMicrosoft kodwa nawo onke amagqwetha aza kuthatha inxaxheba kula matyala. Singakwazi ukwenza uqikelelo olufundileyo lokuba ngaphezulu kwe-2% yeProjekthi ye-JEDI's $ 10.5 yezigidigidi iya kumagqwetha. Kubi kakhulu ukuba asinakusebenzisa ukunceda iphelise indlala yehlabathi endaweni yoko.

Impikiswano malunga nokuba ngaba olu tshintsho lomhlawuli werhafu luye kwiikontraka zomkhosi kufuneka luxhamle iMicrosoft, iAmazon okanye iOracle ilawule ukugubungela iindaba kwiProjekthi yeJEDI. Owona myalezo mhle oza kufunyanwa kule grafti yamanyala-inyani yokuba uGoogle wayemkile kwisivumelwano esikhulu kwezomkhosi kwimbali yehlabathi ngenxa yoqhankqalazo lwabasebenzi -yinto engekhoyo kwiindaba zeProjekthi yeJEDI. 

Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba babalise eli bali kubaphembeleli abajolise kubuchwephesha ababebuthelene kwigumbi elinabantu abaninzi eManhattan kwiveki ephelileyo ukuba bathethe ngendlela esingasindisa ngayo iplanethi yethu, ukuba singalwa njani nokuchasana nentsholongwane kunye nezobupolitika besayensi yemozulu. singawumela njani amandla amakhulu eefossil ipetroli profiters kunye nezixhobo izixhobo zokusebenza. Kweli gumbi lincinci, sonke bekubonakala ngathi siyabuqonda ubukhulu bengxaki esijongene nayo, kwaye indima ebalulekileyo ekufuneka thina siqala ukuyidlala. Uluntu lwetekhnoloji lunamandla abalulekileyo. Kanye njengokuba imikhankaso yokukhutshelwa emanzini inokwenza umahluko wokwenyani, imvukelo yabasebenzi bezobugcisa inokwenza umahluko wokwenyani. Zininzi iindlela zokuguqula imeko yemozulu, abaphembeleli bemvukelo nabasebenzi be-antiwar banokuqalisa ukusebenza kunye, kwaye siya kuba senza njalo ngandlela zonke.

Besinethemba lokuqala ngale ndibano, ngoncedo oluqaliswe ngu Ukupheliswa kweMvukelo I-NYC kwaye Ihlabathi alikwazi ukulinda. Le ntshukumo iya kukhula-kufuneka ikhule. Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamafutha eefossil kukugxila kwabavukeli. Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamafutha eefossil ikwazo zombini iinjongo eziphambili zenzuzo ye-impiriyalizim yase-US kunye nesiphumo esibi sokudlakazeliswa kwezomkhosi wase-US. Ewe umkhosi wase-US ubonakala unjalo Owona mngcolisi mbi ungcolileyo ehlabathini. Ngaba abasebenzi bezobuchwephesha banokusebenzisa amandla ethu okuququzelela uloyiso lube nempembelelo ngakumbi kunokurhoxiswa kukaGoogle kwiProjekthi JEDI? Sinako kwaye kufuneka. Kwiveki ephelileyo intlanganiso yeSixeko saseNew York yayilinyathelo elincinci ukuya phambili. Kuya kufuneka senze okungaphezulu, kwaye kufuneka sinike umbutho wethu ohlanganisiweyo woqhanqalazo yonke into esinayo.

UMarc Eliot Stein ngumlawuli wethekhnoloji kunye namajelo eendaba asekuhlaleni World BEYOND War.

Ifoto nguGregory Schwedock.