IMPENDULO YEKOMITI YESISEKO KUMPHATHISWA WENKULUMBUSO YEROKHWE YABASEBENZI
KwiNkulumbuso yaseNew Zealand, ePalamente House, eWellington
Re: impendulo karhulumente kwileta yethu eya kwi-Nkulumbuso ka-Matshi 1, 2021, malunga nosongelo kukhuseleko lwaseNew Zealand, ulawulo lwalo kunye neminqweno yesizwe ebangelwe yimisebenzi yokwazisa ngesithuba
Ndunankulu,
Enkosi ngomyalezo wakho wokubonisa ukuba niyifumene ileta yethu kaMatshi 1, 2021. Sikwazibulela iimpendulo kwileta yethu esiyifumene kuMphathiswa Wezomkhosi Nolawulo Lwezixhobo Mhlekazi. Phil Twyford (8 Epreli) kunye noMphathiswa wezoQoqosho noPhuhliso lweeNgingqi, oHloniphekileyo. Stuart Nash (14 Epreli). Siphendula ezi leta nakwezinye iingxelo zikarhulumente malunga noku.
Sisaxhalabile kakhulu kukuba uRhulumente waseNew Zealand (NZG) uvumele iRocket Rock ukuba iphumeze ukuhlawulwa kweGunsmoke-J, ukwenza ukuba i-US Army Space kunye ne-Missile Defense Command iphucule izixhobo zokulwa. Siphinda sibize i-NZG ukuba imise, kwangoko, ukunikezelwa kwamaphepha-mvume kubo bonke abahlawuli beRocket Rocket kubo nabaphi na abathengi bezomkhosi, kulindwe uphononongo olupheleleyo lwe-Outer Space kunye ne-High-altitude Activities (OSHAA) Act 2017 ngokujonga kwepalamente. INew Zealand ayidingi kuvumela ngokusemthethweni kunye nokuziphatha okuthandabuzayo kwimithwalo yemikhosi ukuze ishishini lesithuba liphumelele.
Sijonge phambili ekubonisaneni nathi kuphononongo oluzayo lokusebenza nokusebenza kwe-OSHAA Act, kwaye sifune isiqinisekiso sokuba ukubandakanyeka koluntu kolu hlaziyo kuyakwenzeka.
Iinkxalabo zethu, ezichazwe ngakumbi apha ngezantsi, zezi:
Irabha yeRocket itsalela iNew Zealand kwiwebhu yezicwangciso zaseMelika zokulwa umlo kunye nezakhono ezonyusa uxinzelelo lwamazwe kunye nokungathembani, kwaye kujongela phantsi umgaqo-nkqubo wethu wezangaphandle waseNew Zealand.
I-Rocket Lab yenza i-Mahia Peninsula ibe yinto ekujoliswa kuyo kwiintshaba zase-US, kwaye iMahia mana xa ikholelwa ukuba i-Rocket Lab ibalahlekisile malunga nobume bemikhosi ethile yeminye imisebenzi yayo.
Siyayiphikisa kakhulu imbono yokuba kumdla welizwe laseNew Zealand ukuvumela ukumiliselwa kweesathelayithi ezijolise ekuphuculeni ukujolisa kwezixhobo, okanye oku "kukuthula" kokusetyenziswa kwesithuba.
Inqanaba lokugcina imfihlelo kwezinye izinto zeRocket Rock ziyaphikisana nemimiselo yokuphendula ngentando yesininzi kwaye kujongela phantsi ukholo lwabemi kurhulumente
Ngenxa yezobuchwephesha kunye nezopolitiko, xa sele kusungulwe isathelayithi, akunakwenzeka ukuba i-NZG iqinisekise ukuba umkhosi wase-US uyisebenzisela ukhuselo, ukhuseleko okanye imisebenzi yezobuntlola e-New Zealand kuphela. Umzekelo, uhlaziyo lwesoftware olulandelayo lunokwenza ukuba ibango le-NZG lingabinakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba iisathelayithi ezisungulwe yiRocket Lab ziyahambelana noMthetho weNew Nuclear Free Zone Act ka-1987.
I-Rocket Lab izobe iNew Zealand kwizicwangciso zomkhosi wase-US kunye namandla
Sinoxhala kakhulu, kwaye sichasene nobungakanani bemisebenzi yeRocket Rock-ngakumbi, ukumiliselwa konxibelelwano lomkhosi wase-US, ukubekwa kweliso kunye nokujolisa kwiisathelayithi, nokuba ziyakhula okanye ziyasebenza-itsala iNew Zealand nzulu kwiwebhu ye-US. izicwangciso zokulwa ngokulwa nendawo kunye nobuchule.
Oku kujongela phantsi umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle ozimeleyo waseNew Zealand kwaye kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuba ingaba thina, njengabantu baseNew Zealand, sifuna kangakanani ukungena kwimikhosi yezomkhosi yase-US. Inani elibalulekileyo labantu baseNew Zealand, ngakumbi abahlali baseMahia Peninsula, banenkxalabo malunga nalo mbandela. Njengoko i-RNZ inika ingxelo, "Iibhodi zeebhodi ziye zenyuka zaya kufikelela [eMahia] zisithi:" Akukho mkhosi uhlawulelwayo. Haere Atu (hamba) Rocket Lab ””.
Kwileta yethu yokuqala, siphakamise inkxalabo malunga ne-2016 NZ-US Technology Security Security Agards (TSA). I-TSA ivumela uRhulumente wase-US (i-USG) ukuba avote nasiphi na isithuba esivela kumhlaba we-NZ okanye nakuphi na ukungenisa iteknoloji yokwazisa indawo kwi-NZ, ngokuchaza nje ukuba loo msebenzi awunakuba kwimidla yase-US. Oku kukugxothwa okwethutyana kodwa okubalulekileyo kolawulo lwe-NZ, olunikezelwe ukunceda inkampani yabucala, eyabanini bamanye amazwe ethe yafumana inkxaso-mali kwiNgxowa-mali yoHlumo yeNgingqi.
Ukusukela ngoSeptemba 2013, iRocket Rock ibingabanini be-100% baseMelika. I-TSA yasayinwa ngo-2016 ubukhulu becala ukuvumela iRocket Rock ukuba ingenise itekhnoloji ye-rocket yase-US ethe ngqo eNew Zealand. Ngamanye amagama, ngokusayina i-TSA, i-NZG inikezele ngolawulo olusebenzayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokwazisa ngesithuba se-NZ ukuze inzuzo yorhwebo lweNkampani eyi-100% yaseMelika. Le nkampani ngoku yenza imali ngokunceda umkhosi wase-US ukuphuhlisa amandla okulwa nokulwa, kubandakanya izixhobo ezijolise kuzo. Oku kuyaphikisana nomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle we-NZ ozimeleyo oqhutywa ngurhulumente.
Asazi nayiphi na impendulo ye-NZG kwiinkxalabo esiziphakamisileyo kulo mbandela. Sikwabongoza urhulumente ukuba aqwalasele ukuphinda axoxe nge-TSA ukuze asuse isahlulo esinika i-USG ulawulo oluzimeleyo kwimisebenzi yokwazisa ngesithuba eNew Zealand.
I-Rocket Lab yenza ukuba iMahia ijolise kubachasi baseMelika
Imisebenzi yangoku yeRocket Rock yenza ukuba iMahia ibe yinto ekujoliso kuyo kubugebenga okanye ukuhlaselwa ziintshaba zase-US ezinjenge China ne Russia, ubuncinci izizathu ezibini. Okokuqala, ubuchwephesha bokumiliselwa kwendawo bunemiba emininzi ebalulekileyo efana neetekhnoloji zemijukujelwa. I-Rocket Lab isebenzisa ubuchwephesha be-rocket yase-US ukumilisela i-satellite yomkhosi wase-US kwindawo esuka eMahia - yiyo loo nto kwaxoxwa nge-TSA. Kwiintshaba zaseMelika, kuncinci kakhulu umahluko phakathi kwaloo nto, kunye nemikhosi yase-US enendawo yokuqalisa ngomjukujelwa eMahia Peninsula. Okwesibini, iRocket Rock isungula iisathelayithi ezinokunceda i-US kunye namanye amajoni athenga izixhobo zase-US ukuphucula ukujolisa kwezi zixhobo. Kwaye njengengcali yezokhuseleko uPaul Buchanan, ukumiliselwa kweesathelayithi ezinje ngeGunsmoke-J kubeka iNew Zealand kufutshane nesiphelo esibukhali se-US "yokubulala".
Imfihlo egqithileyo malunga nemisebenzi yeLebhu yeRocket ijongela phantsi uxanduva lwentando yesininzi
Nge-24 ka-Epreli 2021, i-Gisborne Herald yaxela ukuba ifumene isicelo sangaphambi kokumiliselwa kwe-Rocket Lab's Gunsmoke-J, kwaye imihlathi emihlanu kwasixhenxe enika ulwazi malunga nokuhlawulwa kwayo yacinywa ngokupheleleyo. Ifoto epapashwe yi-Herald (ngezantsi) iphakamisa oku kumelwe malunga ne-95% yalo lonke ulwazi malunga nokuhlawulwa komvuzo kwaye enyanisweni, zimbini kuphela izivakalisi ezingakhange zenziwe ngokupheleleyo. Kwezi, enye ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Umkhosi wase-US uxele ukuba le satellite ayisayi kusetyenziswa kwimisebenzi…” kwaye sonke isigwebo siyaphinda senziwe. Eli nqanaba lokufihla alamkelekanga kwaye lisingela phantsi imigaqo yedemokhrasi yokwenziwa kwezinto elubala kunye noxanduva lokuphendula. Njengabemi baseNew Zealand, siyacelwa ukuba samkele ukuba umthwalo ohlawulelwayo waseGunsmkoke-J, ojolise ekuphuculeni ukujolisa kumlo wedabi, unomdla welizwe laseNew Zealand. Nangona kunjalo sivunyelwe ukuba singazi nto malunga nayo.
Ukongamela komphathiswa kukodwa akunakuqinisekisa ukuba imithwalo yemirhumo ikwimfuno yesizwe ye-NZ
Iimpendulo esizifumene kuMphathiswa wezoQoqosho noPhuhliso loMmandla kunye noMphathiswa wezezixhobo noLawulo lweeArms zombini zikhomba kwimfuneko yokuba umthwalo ohlawulwayo "uyahambelana nomthetho waseNew Zealand kunye nomdla wesizwe", ngakumbi umthetho we-OSHAA kunye nemigaqo ye-2019 yemvume yokuhlawulwa kwemivuzo esayinwe yiKhabhinethi. Abokugqibela bayangqina ukuba izinto ezingekho kumdla welizwe laseNew Zealand, kwaye urhulumente angazukuzivumela, zibandakanya "ukubhatalwa kunye nokusetyenziselwa ukuphela kokonakalisa, ukuphazamisa, okanye ukutshabalalisa ezinye iziphekepheke, okanye iinkqubo zasemajukujukwini eMhlabeni; [okanye] ukuhlawulwa kwentlawulo kusenzelwa ukuxhasa okanye ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yokhuselo, ukhuseleko okanye ubuntlola echasene nomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente. ”
Ngomhla we-9 kweyoKwindla, emva kokuba evume ukuhlawulwa kwe-Gunsmoke-J, uMphathiswa uNash uxele epalamente ukuba "ebengazazi izakhono zomkhosi ezithile" zomvuzo, kwaye ebesekele isigqibo sakhe sokuvumela ukwaziswa kwiingcebiso ezivela kumagosa e-NZ. Iarhente yendawo. Siyakholelwa ekubeni ukonganyelwa kwale ndawo, ebaluleke kakhulu kulawulo lwaseNew Zealand kunye nomdla welizwe, kufanelekile kwaye kufuna ukubandakanyeka kwabaphathiswa okusebenzayo ngakumbi. Umphathiswa uNash angawuxhasa njani umdla wesizwe ukuba akabazi ubuchule obuthile beRocket Rock isungula kwindawo yomkhosi wamanye amazwe?
Ngokuvumela ukumiliselwa komvuzo ohlawulelwayo weGunsmoke-J, urhulumente ubanga ukuba ukuxhasa ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo zase-US ezijolise kubuchule obusekwe emajukujukwini ngumdla welizwe laseNew Zealand. Siluphikisa ngamandla olu luvo. Enye yeenjongo zesiVumelwano saMoya esingaphandle sango-1967, apho iNew Zealand iyinxalenye yaso, “kukukhuthaza intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kuphononongo oluseluxolweni nokusetyenziswa kwesibhakabhaka.” Ngelixa izinto ezinxulumene nesithuba zihlala zibandakanya izinto zomkhosi, siyayikhaba imbono yokuba ukunceda ukuphuhlisa izixhobo ezijolise kwindawo "kukusetyenziswa ngoxolo" kwendawo kwaye kungadityaniswa nomdla welizwe laseNew Zealand.
Okwesibini, nje ukuba isathelayithi isungulwe, i-NZG inokwazi njani ukuba yeyiphi "ezokhuseleko, ezokhuseleko okanye ezobuntlola" ezakusetyenziselwa? Ngaba uMphathiswa ulindele ukuba umkhosi wase-US uzakucela imvume ye-NZG ngalo lonke ixesha efuna ukusebenzisa isethelayithi yeGunsmoke-J, okanye kamva iteknoloji isetyenziselwa ukuqhubela phambili, ukujolisa isixhobo eMhlabeni? Ingayinto engekhoyo leyo. Kodwa ukuba akunjalo, i-NZG ingazi njani ukuba ukusebenza komrhumo onikiweyo kuya kusetyenziselwa ukuxhasa imisebenzi engekho kwimidla yaseNew Zealand? Siyakholelwa ukuba i-NZG ayinakuyazi ngokuqinisekileyo le nto, kwaye ke kufuneka iyeke ukukhupha amaphepha-mvume okuqaliswa kwayo yonke imirhumo yemikhosi elinde ukujongwa kwakhona kwe-OSHAA Act 2017, ukubandakanya ukongamela kwepalamente.
Uhlaziyo lwesoftware lwenza kube nzima ukwazi konke ukusetyenziswa kwesethelayithi
Ukuphendula iinkxalabo ezikwileta yethu ka-Matshi 1, i-NZ Space Agency iphendule ngelithi inobungcali kwezobuchwephesha “endlini” ukuqinisekisa ukuba konke ukwazisa kuyahambelana noMthetho we-1987, kwaye ingafumana ubuchwephesha kwi-MoD, NZDF, nase-NZ iiarhente zobuntlola ekwenzeni izigqibo zolu hlobo. Oku kunzima ukukuqonda, njengoko kubonakala ngathi akunakwenzeka.
Okokuqala, ukukwazi ukwahlula phakathi kweenkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukujolisa ekujoliseni kuphela kwizixhobo ezingezizo ezenyukliya kunye nezo zinokuxhasa ukujoliswa kwezixhobo ezingezizo ezenyukliya kunye nezixhobo zenyukliya kufuna ulwazi lobuchwephesha kulwazi lomyalelo wenyukliya kunye neenkqubo zolawulo. Siyamangaliswa kukuba amalungu e-NZ Space Agency, MoD, NZDF, kunye neearhente zobuntlola bakholelwa ukuba banolwazi olunjalo lobungcali. Sicela ukucaciselwa malunga nokuba baphuhle phi kwaye phi obu buchule, ngokuhambelana nokungaphuli umthetho we-1987.
Okwesibini, isiqinisekiso se-NZG sokuba sinokuqinisekisa ukuba iisathelayithi ezisungulwe yiRocket Lab azizophula iCandelo 5 lomthetho we-1987- Oko kukuthi, ngokwenza igalelo ekujoliseni izixhobo zenyukliya kwixa elizayo okanye kuphuhliso lweenkqubo eziyilelwe loo njongo- Ingxaki enzulu ngokwemiqathango yobugcisa. Nje ukuba ujikeleze, isathelayithi kunokwenzeka ukuba ifumane uhlaziyo lwesoftware rhoqo, njengazo naziphi na izixhobo zonxibelelwano zale mihla. Naluphi na uhlaziyo olunje oluthunyelwe kwisathelayithi eqaliswe yiRocket Lab inokulichitha kwangoko ibango le-NZG lokuba ingaqinisekisa ukuba isathelayithi ayizophula umthetho we-1987. Ngokwenyani, olo hlaziyo lwesoftware lunokushiya i-NZG ingazi malunga nokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwayo nayiphi na isathelayithi.
Njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, ekuphela kwendlela yokujikeleza le ngxaki kukuba:
a) i-NZG icacisa kwangaphambili zonke izibuyekezo zesoftware umkhosi wase-US ojonge ukuhambisa kwiisathelayithi ezisungulwe yiRocket Lab ezinokuthi zijolise kwizicelo ezinje ngeGunsmoke-J; kwaye
b) I-NZG ingavota naluphi na uhlaziyo ekholelwa ukuba inokwenza ukwaphulwa koMthetho we-1987. Ngokucacileyo, i-USG ayinakulindeleka koku, ngakumbi njengoko i-TSA yowama-2016 iseka ngokuchanekileyo imeko yezomthetho nezopolitiko ezichaseneyo: inika i-USG ulawulo oluzimeleyo lomsebenzi we-NZ wokwazisa indawo.
Kule meko, siqaphela iinkxalabo ezithe zavakaliswa yiKomiti yeeNgcebiso kuLuntu ngokuLawulwa kwezixhobo noLawulo lwezixhobo (PACDAC) kwileta yabo yomhla wama-26 kuJuni 2020 eya kwiNkulumbuso, ekhutshwe phantsi koMthetho woLwazi oSemthethweni (i-OIA). I-PACDAC iqaphele ukuba "kunokuba kufanelekile kuwe njenge-Nkulumbuso ukuba ufumane ingcebiso kwezomthetho kwiGqwetha Jikelele malunga nokusetyenziswa koMthetho kwisithuba esivela eMahia Peninsula." Ngokwamalungelo ethu phantsi kwe-OIA, sicela ikopi yayo nayiphi na ingcebiso yezomthetho kwiGqwetha-Jikelele.
I-PACDAC icebise u-Nkulumbuso kule leta ukuba,
“La manyathelo mabini alandelayo nawo angaluncedo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotyelwa koMthetho;
(a) Iingxelo ezibhaliweyo zexesha elizayo ezinikezelwe nguRhulumente wase-US kuRhulumente wase-NZ phantsi kwesiVumelwano sokuLondolozwa kweTekhnoloji yamazwe amabini, ngokubhekisele kuphehlelelo lwendawo olucetywayo, luqulathe ingxelo ethile yokuba umxholo wentlawulo awusayi kusetyenziswa, nangaliphi na ixesha, ukunceda okanye enze nawuphi na umntu ukuba abe nolawulo lwaso nasiphi na isixhobo esineziqhushumbisi zenyukliya.
(b) Iimvume zokuhlawulwa komrhumo zexesha elizayo, ezinikezelwe nguMphathiswa we-NZ woPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho phantsi komThetho oPhezulu weNdawo yokuSebenza nokuPhuma, zinokuba nesiqinisekiso esithile sokuba ukumiselwa kuyahambelana noMgaqo-nkqubo weNZ weNyukliya oSimahla, umThetho wokuLawulwa kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo; okanye sikhatshwa sisiteyitimenti esifanayo. ”
Siyazixhasa ngokupheleleyo ezi zindululo kwaye sicela iikopi zazo naziphi na iimpendulo ezivela kwiNkulumbuso okanye kwiofisi yakhe kwiPACDAC ngokubhekisele kuzo.
Ukuqukumbela, Nkulumbuso, sibongoza urhulumente wakho ukuba ayeke ukudibanisa okwandayo kweNew Zealand kumatshini wokulwa wase-US, apho ubuchwepheshe kunye nobuchule obusekwe emajukujukwini bubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwenza njalo, siyakucela ukuba uhloniphe amalungelo emana xaua yeMahia, abakholelwa ukuba balahlekisiwe yiRocket Rock malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo okujolise kuMahia Peninsula. Kwaye siyakucela ukuba umele umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle ozimeleyo oxhaswa ngurhulumente, ngakumbi ngokurhoxisa iinxalenye ze-TSA enika i-USG ulawulo oluzinzileyo lomsebenzi wokumiliselwa kwendawo eNew Zealand.
Sijonge phambili kwiimpendulo zakho kwimibuzo ethile kunye neenkxalabo esiziphakamisileyo apha, kunye nezo zaphakanyiswa kwileta yethu yo-1 Matshi.
Ukusuka kwiKomiti yaMazwe ngaMazwe yoXolo kunye nokuSebenza kwezixhobo.
