Oorhulumente abangama-50 abacinezelayo abaxhaswa nguRhulumente wase-US

Excerpted kusuka Iidemon ezingama-20 ngoku ezixhaswayo yi-US nguDavid Swanson, nge-19 kaMatshi ngo-2020

Uzwilakhe ngumntu onegunya eligqithisileyo kurhulumente kangangokuba abanye abantu babhekisa kulo “njengamandla apheleleyo.” Kukho izidanga zobuzwilakhe, okanye - ukuba ukhetha - abantu abangoozwilakhe ngokuyinxenye okanye nguzwilakhe. Oorhulumente abacinezelayo abathintela inkululeko, bayala ukuthatha inxaxheba, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo abantu, kodwa hayi ngokupheleleyo, ngoozwilakhe. Kuba zininzi izifundo kunye nenqanaba loorhulumente abacinezelayo kunolawulo lobuzwilakhe, kwaye kuba ingxaki yingcinezelo, ayinguye oyenzayo, ndiza kujonga okomzuzwana kuluhlu oluthile loorhulumente abacinezelayo, ngaphambi kokuba ndijike kumxholo oozwilakhe abaphethe uninzi lwabo.

Ngo-2017, uRich Whitney wabhala inqaku le-Nyanisoout.org eyabizwa "I-US ibonelela ngoncedo loMkhosi kumaipesenti angama-73 epesenti yobugorha behlabathi."

UWhitney wayesebenzisa igama elithi “olawulo lobuzwilakhe” njengombono ombi woorhulumente abacinezelayo. Umthombo wakhe woluhlu loorhulumente abacinezelayo behlabathi yayiyiNdlu yeNkululeko. Ukhethe ngabom lo mbutho uxhaswa ngurhulumente wase-US no-US ngaphandle kokucaca kukhetho lukarhulumente wase-US kwezinye izigqibo zakhe. Indlu yeNkululeko ibikho gxekwa kakhulu, hayi nje ukuxhaswa ngemali ngurhulumente omnye (kunye nenkxaso-mali evela koorhulumente abambalwa) ngelixa ivelisa isikhundla soorhulumente, kwaye ingekuko nje ukugxeka ngokuchasene neentshaba ezikhethwe yi-US kunye nokuxhasa abo bamiselwe yi-US, kodwa nokuthatha i-US inkxaso-mali yokwenza imisebenzi eyimfihlo e-Iran kunye nokuxhasa umgqatswa okhethiweyo e-Ukraine. Zonke ezi zizathu ezifanelekileyo zokujonga kuluhlu lweZizwe zeFreedom House ezibiza ngokuba "azisimahla." Oku kuphantse ukuba kunokwenzeka njengombono kurhulumente wase-United States kwamanye amazwe, nanjengoko kubandakanya ukugxeka kakhulu imigaqo-nkqubo yasekhaya yase-United States. Uluhlu oluvela kwiNdlu yeNkululeko lunokwandiswa, kwaye lungezantsi, kunye neSebe likaRhulumente wase-US Inkcazo lokuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo oluntu kwilizwe ngalinye.

Indlu yeNkululeko zibeka izizwe njengokuba "simahla," "ngokuyinxenye simahla," kwaye "asikhululekanga." Ezi zikhundla kuthiwa zisekwe kwinkululeko yoluntu kunye namalungelo ezopolitiko ngaphakathi kwelizwe, kubonakala ukuba akukho luqwalaselo lwefuthe lelizwe kwilizwe liphela. Oko kukuthi, ilizwe linokusasaza inkululeko kwihlabathi liphela kwaye lifumane amanqaku asezantsi kakhulu, okanye lisasaze ingcinezelo kwihlabathi liphela kwaye lifumane amanqaku aphezulu kakhulu, ngokusekwe kwimigaqo-nkqubo yasekhaya.

INkululeko yeNdlu ayizibeki imida yobushiqela. Ezinye ze izinto eziqwalaselayo kubandakanya ukuba semthethweni kunye namandla enkokeli yesizwe, kodwa ukuba urhulumente olawulwa ngokupheleleyo liqumrhu elikhulu uyabacinezela abantu, ngoko urhulumente kufuneka abhalwe "Akakhululekanga" yiNdlu yeNkululeko nangona engenguye olawula ngolawulo ngumntu ongatshatanga.

Indlu yeNkululeko iwabona la mazwe angama-50 alandelayo (ethatha kuluhlu lweNdlu yeFreedom kuphela amazwe hayi imimandla) ukuba "awakhululekanga": Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Brunei, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, I-Chad, China, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), Republic of Congo (Brazzaville), Cuba, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Laos, Libya, Mauritania, Nicaragua, North Korea, Oman, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen.

Urhulumente wase-US uvumela, enze amalungiselelo, okanye kwezinye iimeko ade abonelele ngenkxaso-mali, yokuthengisa izixhobo e-US kula mazwe angama-41. Yipesenti ezingama-82. Ukuvelisa eli nani, ndiye ndajonga ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo zase-US phakathi kwe-2010 kunye ne-2019 njengoko kubhalwe ngu IStockholm iZiko loPhando loXolo lweHlabathi kwezoRhwebo zeZombo, okanye umkhosi wase-US kuxwebhu olunesihloko esithi "Ukuthengiswa kwezomkhosi wamanye amazwe, ukuThengiswa koMkhosi wamanye amazwe kunye nokuBambisana kwezoKhuseleko kwezeMbali: Ukusukela nge-30 kaSeptemba 2017." Nazi ke ezingama-41: iAfghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei, Burundi, Khambodiya, Cameroon, Central Riphabhlikhi, Chad, China, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), Republic of Congo (Brazzaville), Djibouti, Egypt, I-Equatorial Guinea, i-Eritrea, i-Eswatini (eyayisakuba yi-Swaziland), i-Ethiopia, iGabon, i-Iraq, i-Kazakhstan, i-Libya, i-Mauritania, i-Nicaragua, i-Oman, i-Qatar, i-Rwanda, i-Saudi Arabia, iSudan, i-Tajikistan, i-Thailand, i-Turkey, i-Turkmenistan, i-Uganda, i-United Arab I-Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen.

Khumbula, olu luluhlu lwamazwe umbutho oxhaswa ngemali ngurhulumente wase-US awukhethile "hayi simahla" kodwa i-United States ithumela izixhobo eziyingozi. Kwaye le ngama-82% ezizwe "ezingahlawulelwanga", ezingakhange zibukeke ngathi zimbalwa "zama-apile amabi". Ngokuchasene noko, iphantse yabonakala ngathi ngumgaqo-nkqubo ongaguquguqukiyo. Omnye utyekele ngakumbi ekujongeni inkcazo yokuba kutheni i-82% ingeyiyo i-100% kunoko ingeyiyo i-0%. Ngapha koko, kwezi zizwe zisithoba "zingakhululekanga" apho iUnited States ingathumeli zikhali khona, uninzi lwazo (Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Russia, neVenezuela) zizizwe ezichongwe njengeentshaba ngurhulumente wase-US, ezibonelelwa njengezizathu zokonyuka kohlahlo-lwabiwo mali yiPentagon, idemon kwimithombo yeendaba zase-US, kwaye ijolise kwizigwebo (kwaye kwezinye iimeko zazama ukubhukuqa kunye nosongelo lwemfazwe). Ubume bala mazwe njengeentshaba ezichongiweyo nawo, ngokokubona kwabagxeki beNdlu yeFreedom, inento yokwenza nendlela abanye babo abangena ngayo kuluhlu lwe- "not free" kunokuba "bekhululekile".

Ngaphandle kokuthengisa nokunikeza izixhobo kurhulumente wengcinezelo, urhulumente wase-US ukwabelana nabo ngetekhnoloji yezixhobo eziphambili. Oku kubandakanya imizekelo eqatha njenge-CIA enikezela ngezicwangciso zenyukliya Iran, uLawulo lukaTrump lokufuna ukwabelana ngetekhnoloji yenyukliya kunye ISaudi Arabia, kunye nemikhosi yase-US ezisekela izixhobo zenyukliya eTurkey nkqu nayo iTurkey ilwa imfazwe yase-US exhaswe ngabaseSyria kwaye isongela ukuvala iziseko ze-NATO, kunye nokusasazeka Itekhnoloji yedrone kumhlaba jikelele.

Ngoku, masithathe uluhlu loorhulumente abacinezelayo abangama-50 kwaye sijonge ukuba ngawaphi urhulumente waseUnited States abonelela ngoqeqesho emkhosini. Kukho amanqanaba ohlukeneyo enkxaso, ukusukela ekufundiseni ikhosi enye yabafundi abane ukuya kubonelela ngezifundo ezininzi kumawakawaka abaqeqeshwa. I-United States ibonelela ngoqeqesho lwasemkhosini ngolunye uhlobo ukuya kwi-44 kuma-50, okanye kwiipesenti ezingama-88. Ndisekela ekufumaneni olo qeqesho lubhalwe ku-2017 okanye ngo-2018 komnye okanye yomibini le mithombo: iSebe laseMelika Ingxelo yoQeqesho lwaMikhosi lwangaphandle: Iminyaka yoNyaka-mali ka-2017 no-2018: Ingxelo edibeneyo kwiCongress of I kwaye II, kunye ne - Arhente yaseMelika yoPhuhliso lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (USAID) Ulungelelwaniso lohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwe-DRM: UQINISEKISO LWEZOQOQOSHO: IINDLELA ZOKUXHASA UKUFUNDA: Unyaka-mali ka-2018. Nazi ke ezingama-44: iAfghanistan, iAlgeria, iAngola, iAzerbaijan, iBahrain, iBelarus, iBrunei, iBurundi, iCambodiya, iCameroon, iCentral African Republic, iChad, iChina, iDemocratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), iRiphabhlikhi yaseCongo (Brazzaville), iJibouti, I-Egypt, i-Eswatini (eyayisakuba yi-Swaziland), i-Ethiopia, i-Gabon, i-Iraq, i-Iraq, i-Kazakhstan, i-Laos, i-Libya, i-Mauritania, i-Nicaragua, i-Oman, i-Qatar, i-Russia, i-Saudi Arabia, i-Saudi Arabia, i-South Sudan, i-Tajikistan, i-Thailand, i-Turkey, i-Turkmenistan, I-Uganda, i-United Arab Emirates, i-Uzbekistan, iVenezuela, iVietnam, i-Yemen.

Kwakhona, olu luhlu alubonakali ngathi ziimpawu ezimbalwa zamanani, kodwa ngakumbi njengomgaqo-nkqubo omiselweyo. Izandla zokukhuphela ngaphandle zibandakanya iCuba kunye neNorth Korea ngezizathu ezicacileyo. Isizathu sokuba babandakanye iSyria kule meko kwaye ayikho kwimeko yentengiso yezixhobo kungenxa yemihla endinqande ngayo ukukhangela. I-United States yaqala ukuxhapha kunye nokusebenza norhulumente waseSyria ukuzama ukuyibhukuqa (ngokwenza izixhobo kunye nokusebenza nabavukeli baseSyria kunokuba basebenze ngurhulumente).

Ndiyarhanela ukuba abaninzi e-United States babengazi ukuba ngonyaka ka-2019, kule minyaka ingaka emva kwekaSeptemba 11, 2001, umkhosi wase-US wayeqeqesha abo babelwela umkhosi wase-Saudi Arabia ukuba babhabhe ngenqwelo moya e-Florida de omnye wabo wenza iindaba ngokudubula eklasini.

Ukongeza, imbali yoqeqesho lwase-US olunikezwe emkhosini kumajoni aphesheya, ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana Isikolo seMerika (ebizwa ngokuba yiZiko leNtsebenzo lezoKhuseleko eNtshona) ibonelela ngendlela engasekelwanga nje yokuxhasa oorhulumente abacinezelayo, kodwa yokunceda ukuba babekho ukubetha.

Ngoku masithathe olunye uhambo loluhlu loorhulumente abacinezelayo abangama-50, kuba ukongeza ekuthengiseni (okanye ukubanika) izixhobo nasekubaqeqesheni, urhulumente wase-US ubonelela ngenkxaso mali ngqo kumkhosi wamanye amazwe. Kuma-50 oorhulumente abacinezelayo, njengoko kudweliswe yi-Freedom House, abangama-32 bafumana "inkxaso-mali yezomkhosi yamanye amazwe" okanye enye inkxaso-mali yemisebenzi yasemkhosini evela kurhulumente wase-US, nge-kukhuselekile kakhulu ukuthi-umsindo omncinci kwimithombo yeendaba zase-US okanye kubabhatala irhafu e-US kunokuba Siva ngokubonelela ngokutya kubantu baseMelika abalambileyo. Olu luhlu ndilusekela kwiArhente yaseMelika yoPhuhliso lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (USAID) Ulungelelwaniso lohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwe-DRM: UQINISEKISO LWEZOQOQOSHO: IISHEDYULI ZOKUGQIBELA: unyaka-mali ka-2017, yaye Ulungelelwaniso lohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwe-DRM: UQINISEKISO LWEZOQOQOSHO: IINDLELA ZOKUXHASA UKUFUNDA: Unyaka-mali ka-2018. Nazi ke ezingama-33: i-Afghanistan, iAlgeria, iAngola, iAzerbaijan, iBahrain, iBelarus, iCambodia, iCentral African Republic, iChina, iDemocratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), i-Djibouti, i-Egypt, i-Eswatini (eyayisakuba yi-Swaziland), i-Ethiopia, i-Iraq, i-Kazakhstan, ne-Laos , ELibya, eMauritania, eOman, eSaudi Arabia, eSomalia, eSudan, eSudan, eSyksistan, eThailand, eTurkey, eTurkmenistan, eUganda, eUzbekistan, eVietnam, Yemen.

Koorhulumente abangama-50 abacinezelayo, iUnited States ixhasa ngezomkhosi okungenani enye yezi ndlela zintathu zixutyushwe ngasentla ngama-48 okanye ama-96 eepesenti, zonke ziintshaba ezincinci zaseCuba naseMantla Korea. Abanye babo, umkhosi wase-US uya ngaphezulu kunokuba besithethile ngobudlelwane bawo kunye nenkxaso kule mibuso yengcinezelo. Kula mazwe, e-United States neziseko Inani elibalulekileyo lomkhosi wayo (okt ngaphezulu kwe-100): I-Afghanistan, Bahrain, Cuba *, Egypt, Iraq, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, kunye ne-United Arab Emirates. Ngokobuchwephesha iCuba ikolu luhlu, kodwa yimeko eyahlukileyo kwezinye. I-United States igcina imikhosi eCuba ngokuchasene nenkcaso yaseCuba kwaye igqibe ekubeni ingaxhasi urhulumente waseCuba. Ewe, i-Iraq ngoku icele amajoni ase-US ukuba ahambe, eyibeka kufutshane neCuba.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukubandakanyeka emkhosini kuqhubela phambili. Umkhosi wase-US ulwa imfazwe ngokubambisana ne-Saudi Arabia nxamnye nabantu base-Yemen, kwaye ulwa iimfazwe e-Iraq nase Afghanistan exhasa oorhulumente abacinezelayo (njengoko kuchaziwe yi-Freedom House kunye ne-US State Department) eyadalwa yi-US ekhokelwa ngu-US. iimfazwe. Oorhulumente abadalwe yimisebenzi yamanye amazwe bayacinezela kwaye banenkohliso kwaye bathanda ukuba nomdla wokugcina iimfazwe zihamba ukuze kugcinwe iingalo kunye needola kunye nomkhosi ohamba usuka e-United States. Ukanti, urhulumente wase-Iraq ucele umkhosi wase-US ukuba uphume, kwaye intetho yesivumelwano soxolo e-Afghanistan iyaqhubeka nokuthetha.

Kwangelo xesha, i-United States inyanzelisa ukuvalwa kuka-Trump ngamaSilamsi, ukuthintela ukuhamba ukusuka kumazwe aliqela aphethwe ziingalo zaseMelika, kubandakanya i-Eritrea, iLibya, iSomalia, iSudan, iSyria ne-Yemen. Umntu ebengayi kufuna nabaphi na abantu abaxhobileyo ukuba bahambe.

Omnye umthombo woluhlu loonobumba abachasayo yi-CIA-exhaswa ngemali Umsebenzi woQinisekiso lwezobupolitika. Ukusukela ngonyaka ka-2018, eli qela lachonga izizwe ezingama-21 njengezimeleyo, ezingama-23 njengee-anocracies (ii-anocracies zaba ngumxube wentando yesininzi kunye nedemokhrasi), kunye nezinye njengee-anocracies, idemokhrasi, okanye idemokhrasi epheleleyo. I-21 yokuzilawula: IAzerbaijan, iBahrain, iBangladeshi, iBelarus, iChina, i-Equatorial Guinea, i-Eritrea, i-Iran, ne-Kazakhstan, ne-Kuwait, iLaos, i-North Korea, i-Oman, i-Qatar, i-Saudi Arabia, i-Eswatini (eyayisakuba yi-Swaziland), eSyria, eTurkmenistan, e-United Arab I-Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam. Oku kongeza i-Bangladesh kunye ne-Kuwait kuluhlu lwezizwe esizijongileyo. Umkhosi wase-US uxhasa abo babini kunye nabo bonke abanye abadweliswe apha, ngaphandle kweNyakatho Korea.

Ke sijonge kuluhlu loorhulumente abacinezelayo abangama-50. Ngaba luluhlu olufanelekileyo? Ngaba ezinye iintlanga kufuneka zisuswe kwaye ezinye zongezwe? Kwaye ngoobani oozwilakhe, kwaye ngoobani oozwilakhe?

Iyaqhubeka Iidemon ezingama-20 ngoku ezixhaswayo yi-US