Waxaa qoray WILPF, IPB, WBW, Noofambar 6, 2022
Xoghayaha fulinta ee qaaliga ah Stiell iyo agaasimaha Violetti,
Iyadoo hogaaminaysa Shirka Xisbiyada (COP) 27 ee Masar, ururadayada, Ururka Haweenka Caalamiga ah ee Nabadda iyo Xoriyadda (WILPF), Xafiiska Nabadda Caalamiga ah iyo World BEYOND WarWaxaan si wadajir ah idiinku soo qoraynaa warqaddan furan oo ku saabsan welwelkayada la xiriira saameynta xun ee qiiqa militariga iyo kharashyada ku aaddan xiisadda cimilada. Sida iskahorimaadyada hubaysan ay ka socdaan Ukraine, Itoobiya iyo Koonfurta Caucasus, waxaan aad uga walaacsanahay in qiiqa militariga iyo kharashaadka ay wiiqayaan horumarka laga gaaray heshiiskii Paris.
Waxaan ka codsanaynaa Xoghaynta Heshiiska Qaabdhismeedka Qaramada Midoobay ee Cimilada (UNFCCC) inay samayso daraasad gaar ah oo ay si cad uga warbixiso qiiqa kaarboonka ee ciidamada iyo dagaalka. Waxa kale oo aanu waydiisanaynaa in Xoghayntu ay daraasad ku samayso oo ay ka warbixiso kharashaadka ciidamada marka la eego dhaqaalaha cimilada. Waxaan ka walaacsanahay in qiiqa iyo kharashaadka milatarigu ay sii kordhayaan, taasoo caqabad ku ah awoodda waddammada si ay u yareeyaan ulana qabsadaan dhibaatooyinka cimilada. Waxaan sidoo kale ka walaacsanahay in dagaallada socda iyo colaadaha u dhexeeya dalalku ay wiiqayaan iskaashiga caalamiga ah ee loo baahan yahay si loo gaaro Heshiiskii Paris iyo Yoolalka Horumarka Joogtada ah ee Qaramada Midoobay.
Tan iyo markii la aasaasay, UNFCCC ma dejin ajandaha COP arrinta ku saabsan qiiqa kaarboonka ee militariga iyo dagaalka. Waxaan garwaaqsanahay in guddiga is-beddelka cimiladu (IPCC) ay aqoonsadeen suurtagalnimada isbeddelka cimilada ee gacan ka geysanaya iskahorimaadyada rabshadaha leh laakiin IPCC ma tixgelin qiiqa xad-dhaafka ah ee ka imanaya milatariga ee isbeddelka cimilada. Hase yeeshee, millatarigu waa kuwa ugu badan ee isticmaala shidaalka fosil iyo soo saarista kaarboonka ugu weyn ee dawladaha xisbiyada dawladda. Ciidamada Mareykanka ayaa ah kuwa ugu badan ee isticmaala batroolka meeraha. Kharashka Mashruuca Dagaalka ee Jaamacadda Brown ayaa soo saaray warbixin sanadka 2019 ciwaankeedu yahay "Isticmaalka Shidaalka Pentagon, Isbeddelka Cimilada, iyo Qiimaha Dagaalka" taas oo muujisay in qiiqa kaarboonka ee millatariga Maraykanku uu ka weyn yahay inta badan waddamada Yurub. Wadamo badan ayaa maalgalinaya habab cusub oo hubka ku shaqeeya shidaalka, sida diyaaradaha dagaalka, maraakiibta dagaalka iyo baabuurta gaashaaman, kuwaas oo sababi doona xidhidh kaarboon ah tobanaan sano oo ka hortagaya in si degdeg ah u sii daayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma haystaan qorshooyin ku filan oo ay kaga hortagayaan qiiqa ciidamada iyo in la gaaro dhexdhexaadnimada kaarboon 2050. Waxaan codsanaynaa in UNFCCC ay dejiso ajandaha COP ee soo socda arrinta militariga iyo qiiqa dagaalka.
Sanadkii la soo dhaafay, qarashka ku baxa ciidamada adduunka ayaa gaaray $2.1 tiriliyan (USD), sida uu sheegay machadka cilmi baarista nabadda ee Stockholm International Peace (SIPRI). Shanta wadan ee dhaqaalaha ugu badan ku bixiya ciidamada ayaa kala ah Maraykanka, Shiinaha, Hindiya, Ingiriiska iyo Ruushka. Sannadkii 2021-kii, Maraykanku waxa uu ku kharash-gareeyey 801 bilyan oo doollarka Maraykanka ah ciidankooda, taas oo ka dhigan 40% kharashaadka ciidammada adduunka iyo in ka badan marka la isku daro sagaalka waddan ee soo socda. Sannadkan, maamulka Biden waxa uu kordhiyey kharashka milatariga Maraykanka oo gaadhay heerkii ugu sarreeyay oo dhan $840 bilyan. Marka la barbardhigo miisaaniyadda Maraykanka ee Hay'adda Ilaalinta Deegaanka, oo mas'uul ka ah isbeddelka cimilada, waa $9.5 bilyan oo keliya. Dawladda Ingiriiska ayaa qorshaynaysa in ay laba jibaarto kharashaadka milatariga oo ay gaadhsiiso 100 bilyan oo gini marka la gaadho sanadka 2030. Ka sii darane waxa ay dawladda Ingiriisku ku dhawaaqday in ay dhimayso dhaqaalihii ay ku bixin jirtay isbadelka cimilada iyo kaalmada shisheeye si ay wax badan ugu kharash garayso hubka Ukraine. Jarmalku waxa kale oo uu ku dhawaaqay in uu 100 bilyan oo Yuuro ku kordhinayo kharashkiisa milatariga. Miisaaniyadii ugu dambeysay ee federaalka, Kanada waxay xoojisay miisaaniyadeeda difaaca hadda $35 bilyan/sanad $8 bilyan shanta sano ee soo socota. Xubnaha Ururka North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) ayaa kordhinaya kharashaadka milatari si ay u gaadhaan 2% bartilmaameedka GDP. Warbixintii ugu dambaysay ee kharashaadka gaashaandhigga ee NATO ayaa muujisay in kharashka milatari ee soddonka waddan ee xubnaha ka ah uu si aad ah kor ugu kacay 7dii sano ee la soo dhaafay halka uu ka ahaa $896 bilyan ilaa $1.1 tiriliyan USD sannadkii, taas oo ah 52% kharashaadka milatariga adduunka (Chart 1). Korodhkan ayaa ka badan $211 bilyan sannadkii, taas oo laba jibaar ka badan ballanqaadkii maalgelinta cimilada.
Sannadkii 2009-kii COP 15 ee Copenhagen, waddamada qaniga ah ee reer galbeedka waxay sameeyeen ballan-qaad ah inay abuuraan sanduuq sanadle ah oo dhan $ 100 bilyan marka la gaaro 2020 si looga caawiyo waddamada soo koraya inay la qabsadaan dhibaatooyinka cimilada, laakiin way ku guuldareysteen inay gaaraan yoolkaas. Bishii Oktoobar ee la soo dhaafay, waddamada reer galbeedka oo ay hogaaminayaan Kanada iyo Jarmalku waxay daabaceen Qorshaha Bixinta Maaliyadda Cimilada iyagoo sheeganaya inay qaadan doonto ilaa 2023 si ay uga soo baxaan ballanqaadkooda ah inay abaabulaan $ 100 bilyan sannad kasta iyada oo loo marayo Sanduuqa Cimilada Cagaaran (GCF) si loo caawiyo waddamada saboolka ah wax ka qabashada dhibaatooyinka cimilada. . Waddamada soo koraya ayaa ah kuwa ugu yar ee mas'uul ka ah dhibaatada, laakiin waa kuwa ugu dhibka badan ee ay sababto cimiladu dhacdooyinka ba'an ee cimilada waxayna si degdeg ah u baahan yihiin maalgelin ku filan oo la qabsiga iyo khasaaraha iyo dhaawaca.
Xarunta COP 26 ee Glasgow, wadamada qaniga ah waxay ku heshiiyeen inay laba jibaaraan dhaqaalaha ay ku bixiyaan la qabsiga, laakiin way ku guuldareysteen inay sameeyaan, waxayna ku guuldareysteen inay ku heshiiyaan maalgelinta khasaaraha iyo dhaawaca. Bishii Ogosto ee sanadkan, GCF wuxuu bilaabay ololihiisa dib u buuxinta labaad ee wadamada. Maalgelintan ayaa muhiim u ah adkeysiga cimilada iyo kala-guurka xaqa ah kaas oo jawaab u ah jinsiga oo lala beegsaday bulshooyinka nugul. Halkii laga heli lahaa kheyraadka loogu talagalay caddaaladda cimilada, sanadkan la soo dhaafay, waddamada reer galbeedku waxay si degdeg ah u kordhiyeen kharashka dadweynaha ee hubka iyo dagaalka. Waxaan codsaneynaa in UNFCCC ay soo qaado arrinta ku saabsan kharashaadka ciidamada si ay u noqoto isha maalgelinta xarumaha maalgelinta cimilada: GCF, Sanduuqa La qabsiga, iyo Xarunta Maalgelinta Khasaaraha iyo Dhaawaca.
Bishii Sebtembar, intii lagu jiray doodda guud ee Qaramada Midoobay, hoggaamiyeyaasha dalal badan ayaa dhalleeceeyay kharashaadka militariga waxayna sameeyeen xiriirka xiisadda cimilada. Raiisel wasaaraha Solomon Islands Manasseh Sogavare wuxuu yiri, "Nasiib darro kheyraad badan ayaa lagu bixiyaa dagaallada marka loo eego la dagaallanka isbedelka cimilada, tani waa nasiib darro aad u weyn." Wasiirka arrimaha dibadda ee Costa Rica, Arnaldo André-Tinoco, ayaa sheegay in
"Waa wax aan la qiyaasi karin in iyadoo malaayiin qof ay sugayaan tallaalo, dawooyin ama cunto si ay u badbaadiyaan noloshooda, dalalka ugu qanisan waxay sii wadaan inay mudnaanta siiyaan agabkooda hubka iyaga oo kharashka ku baxaya fayoobida dadka, cimilada, caafimaadka iyo soo kabashada siman. Sannadka 2021-ka, kharashaadka milatariga adduunka ayaa sii kordhayey sannadkii toddobaad oo xidhiidh ah si loo gaadho tiradii ugu badnayd ee aan abid aragno taariikhda. Costa Rica ayaa maanta ku celisay baaqeeda ah in si tartiib ah oo joogto ah loo dhimo kharashaadka milatariga. Hubka badan ee aan soo saarno, wax badan ayaa ka baxsan doona xitaa dadaalkayaga ugu fiican ee maaraynta iyo xakamaynta. Waxay ku saabsan tahay in nolosha iyo wanaagga dadka iyo meeraha laga hormariyo faa'iidada laga helayo hubka iyo dagaalka."
Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in Costa Rica ay baabi'isay ciidankeeda 1949. Jidkan ciidan-dejineed ee 70-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay ayaa Costa Rica u horseeday inay hormuud u noqoto kaarboonaynta iyo wada hadalka noolaha. Sannadkii hore ee COP 26, Costa Rica waxay bilawday "Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance" waddankuna wuxuu awoodaa inta badan korontadiisa dib-u-cusboonaysiinta. Doodda Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay ee sanadkan, Madaxweynaha Colombia Gustavo Petro Urrego waxa uu sidoo kale dhalleeceeyay "dagaallada la ikhtiraacay" ee Ukraine, Ciraaq, Liibiya, iyo Suuriya wuxuuna ku dooday in dagaalladu ay u noqdeen marmarsiiyo aan wax looga qaban isbeddelka cimilada. Waxaan codsaneynaa in UNFCCC ay si toos ah uga hortagto dhibaatooyinka isku xiran ee militariga, dagaalka iyo dhibaatooyinka cimilada.
Sannadkii hore, saynisyahano Dr. Carlo Rovelli iyo Dr. Matteo Smerlak ayaa si wada jir ah u aasaasay Hindisaha Qaybinta Nabadda ee Caalamiga ah. Waxay ku doodeen maqaalkoodii ugu dambeeyay "Wax yar oo ka mid ah kharashaadka militariga adduunka ayaa gacan ka geysan kara maalgelinta cimilada, caafimaadka iyo xalalka faqriga" ee lagu daabacay Scientific American in dalalku ay u wareejiyaan qaar ka mid ah $ 2 trillion "sannad kasta tartanka hubka adduunka" Sanduuqa Cimilada (GCF) iyo lacagaha kale ee horumarinta. Nabadda iyo dhimista iyo dib u qoondaynta kharashaadka milatari ee maalgelinta cimilada ayaa muhiim u ah in la xaddido kulaylka caalamiga ah ilaa 1.5 darajo. Waxaan ugu baaqaynaa Xoghaynta UNFCCC inay isticmaasho xafiiskaaga si ay kor ugu qaado wacyiga ku saabsan saamaynta qiiqa militariga iyo kharashaadka militarigu ku yeelan karo xiisadda cimilada. Waxaanu kaa codsanaynaa inaad arrimahan geliso ajandaha COP ee soo socda oo aad u dirto daraasad gaar ah iyo warbixin dadweyne. Iskahorimaadka hubaysan ee kaarboon-ku-xoogsan iyo kharashka milatari ee kor u kacaya lama ilaawi karo haddaynu dhab ka nahay ka hortagga isbeddelka cimilada ee masiibada ah.
Ugu dambayntii, waxaanu rumaysanahay in nabadda, hub ka dhigista iyo ciidan-ka-dhigista ay muhiim u yihiin dhimista, la-qabsiga isbeddelka, iyo caddaaladda cimilada. Waxaan soo dhaweyneynaa fursad aan kula kulanno si dhab ah waxaana nala soo xiriiri karaa macluumaadka xiriirka xafiiska WILPF ee kore. WILPF waxay sidoo kale u soo diri doontaa wafdi COP 27 waxaanan ku faraxsanahay inaan si shaqsi ah kuugula kulmo Masar. Macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan ururradayada iyo meelaha laga helo macluumaadka warqadeena ayaa halkan ku lifaaqan. Jawaabtaada waanu sugaynaa Waad ku mahadsan tahay dareenkaaga walaacayada.
Daacadnimo,
Madeleine Rees
Xoghayaha Guud
Ururka Haweenka Caalamiga ah ee Nabadgalyada iyo Xorriyadda
Sean Conner
Agaasimaha Fulinta Xafiiska Nabadda Caalamiga ah
David Swanson Co-founder iyo Agaasimaha Fulinta
World BEYOND War
KU SAABSAN URURADAYAGA:
Ururka Haweenka Caalamiga ah ee Nabadda iyo Xoriyadda (WILPF): WILPF waa urur ku salaysan xubin ka shaqeeya iyada oo loo marayo mabaadi'da dheddigga, wadajirka iyo iskaashiga hawlwadeennada walaasha, shabakadaha, isbahaysiga, goobaha, iyo ururada bulshada rayidka ah. WILPF waxa ay xubno iyo kooxo ku leedahay in ka badan 40 waddan iyo la-hawlgalayaasheeda adduunka oo dhan xarunteeduna waxay ku taal Geneva. Aragtideenu waa adduun nabadeed oo joogto ah oo lagu dhisay aasaaska hablaha ee xorriyadda, caddaaladda, rabshadaha, xuquuqul insaanka, iyo sinnaanta dhammaan, halkaas oo dadka, meeraha iyo dhammaan dadka kale ee deggan ay ku wada nool yihiin oo ay ku wada nool yihiin si wada jir ah. WILPF waxay haysataa barnaamij hub ka dhigis ah, Gaadhida Dardaaran Halis ah oo ku salaysan New York: https://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/ Macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan WILPF: www.wilpf.org
Xafiiska Nabadda Caalamiga ah (IPB): Xafiiska Nabadda ee Caalamiga ah wuxuu u heellan yahay aragtida Adduunka aan dagaal lahayn. Barnaamijkeena ugu muhiimsan ee hadda waxa uu ku saabsan yahay hub ka dhigista loogu talagalay horumar waara, taasna, waxa aan diiradda saaraynaa inta badan meelaynta kharashaadka milatariga. Waxaan aaminsanahay in hoos u dhigista maalgelinta qaybta militariga, lacag aad u badan ayaa loo sii deyn karaa mashaariicda bulshada, gudaha ama dibadda, taas oo horseedi karta buuxinta baahiyaha dhabta ah ee aadanaha iyo ilaalinta deegaanka. Isla mar ahaantaana, waxaanu taageernaa ololeyaal hub ka dhigis oo kala duwan iyo xogta sahayda ee cabbirada dhaqaale ee hubka iyo iskahorimaadyada. Shaqadayada ololaha ee hub ka dhigista nukliyeerka waxay bilaabatay horraantii 1980-meeyadii. Ururadayada xubnaha ka ah 300 ee wadamada 70, oo ay weheliyaan xubno gaar ah, waxay sameeyaan shabakad caalami ah, isukeenida aqoonta iyo khibrada ololaha ee qadiyad guud. Waxaan isku xireynaa khubarada iyo u doodayaasha ka shaqeynaya arrimaha la midka ah si loo dhiso dhaqdhaqaaqyo bulsho rayid ah oo xooggan. Toban sano ka hor, IPB waxay bilowday olole caalami ah oo ku saabsan kharashaadka milatariga: https://www.ipb.org/global-campaign-on-military-spending/ iyagoo ku baaqaya in la dhimo oo dib loogu qoondeeyo baahiyaha bulsho iyo deegaan ee degdega ah. Macluumaad dheeraad ah: www.ipb.org
World BEYOND War (WBW): World BEYOND War waa dhaqdhaqaaq aan dawli ahayn oo caalami ah oo lagu soo afjaro dagaalka laguna aasaaso nabad waarta oo waarta. Waxaan hiigsaneynaa inaan abuurno wacyigelin ku saabsan taageerada caanka ah ee joojinta dagaalka iyo inaan sii horumarinno taageeradaas. Waxaan ka shaqeynaa sidii loo hormarin lahaa fikradda ah inaanan kaliya ka hortagin dagaal gaar ah laakiin aan baabi'inno hay'adda oo dhan. Waxaan ku dadaaleynaa inaan dhaqankeena dagaalka ku bedelo mid nabad ah oo dariiqa aan xasiloonida aheyn ee xallinta khilaafaadka ay ka dhacdo meeshii dhiig daadata. World BEYOND War waxa la bilaabay Janaayo 1, 2014. Waxaan leenahay cutubyo iyo xiriirada adduunka oo dhan. WBW waxay bilawday codsi caalami ah "COP27: Jooji Ka Reebka Wasakhda Milatari ee Heshiiska Cimilada": https://worldbeyondwar.org/cop27/ Macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan WBW ayaa laga heli karaa halkan: https://worldbeyondwar.org/
NOOCA:
Kanada iyo Jarmalka (2021) "Qorshaha Bixinta Maaliyadda Cimilada: La kulanka Yoolka US $100 Billion": https://ukcop26.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Climate-Finance-Delivery-Plan-1.pdf
Kormeerka isku dhaca iyo deegaanka (2021) "Iyadoo hoos timaada radar: Raadka kaarboon ee waaxyaha militariga EU": https://ceobs.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Under-the-radar_the-carbon- footprint- ee-EU-waaxaha-militariga.pdf
Crawford, N. (2019) "Isticmaalka Shidaalka Pentagon, Isbeddelka Cimilada, iyo Qiimaha Dagaalka":
https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/papers/ClimateChangeandCostofWar Global Peace Dividend Initiative: https://peace-dividend.org/about
Mathiesen, Karl (2022) "UK si ay u isticmaasho cimilada iyo gargaarka lacag caddaan ah si ay hub ugu iibsadaan Ukraine," Politico: https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-use-climate-aid-cash-buy-weapon-ukraine /
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (2022) Warbixinta Kharashaadka Difaaca NATO, Juun 2022:
OECD (2021) "Muqaalo hore u eegaya maaliyadda cimilada oo ay bixiyeen oo ay abaabuleen dalalka horumaray 2021-2025: Qoraal farsamo": https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/a53aac3b- en.pdf?expires=1662416616 = id&acname=marti&checksum=655B79E12E987B035379B2F08249 7ABF
Rovelli, C. iyo Smerlak, M. (2022) "Wax yar oo la dhimay Kharashaadka Millatari ee Adduunka ayaa gacan ka geysan kara Maalgelinta Cimilada, Caafimaadka iyo Xalka Saboolnimada," Saynisyahan Maraykan ah: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-small- Kharashaadka-militariga-adduunka-ka-qarash-garayn-karaan-maalin-gelinta-caafimaadka-cimilada-iyo-xalalka-faqriga/
Sabbagh, D. (2022) "Kharashka difaaca UK wuxuu labanlaabmi doonaa ilaa £100bn marka la gaaro 2030, ayuu yiri wasiirka," The Guardian-ka: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/sep/25/uk-defence-spending- Laba-laba-laab-ilaa-100m-ilaa-2030-ka-wasiir-ku-sheeg
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (2022) Isbeddellada Kharashaadka Millateriga Adduunka, 2021:
Barnaamijka Deegaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay (2021): Xaaladda Maaliyadda ee Dabeecadda https://www.unep.org/resources/state-finance-nature
UNFCCC (2022) Maaliyadda Cimilada: https://unfccc.int/topics/climate-finance/the-big-picture/climate-financial-in-the-negotiations/climate-finance
Qaramada Midoobay (2022) Doodda Guud, Golaha Guud, Sebtembar 20-26: https://gadebate.un.org/en
