naJeffrey St. Clair - Alexander Cockburn, Zvita 8, 2017, CounterPunch.
Ichokwadi chisingadikanwi ndechokuti kuongorora kwakanyatsoitwa mabasa eCIA uye masangano kubva kwairi kwakabuda kunoratidza kunyanya kunetseka nekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekudzidzira maitiro, brainwashing, uye kuvhara kurapwa kwechiremba uye zvepfungwa pamusoro pezvidzidzo zvisingazivikanisi kusanganisira masangano ezvitendero, dzinza vashoma, vasungwa, varwere vepfungwa, varwi uye vanorwara. Chikonzero chemabasa akadaro, maitiro uye zvechokwadi vanhu vanosarudzwa vakasarudzwa zvinoratidza kushamisa uye kunotyisa kufanana nekuedza kweNazi.
Uku kufanana hakusi kushamisika patinenge taona kuedza uye kuwanzo kubudirira kwevakuru veUnited States mauto ekuwana zvinyorwa zvekuedza kweNazi, uye mune dzakawanda zviitiko zvekutsvaga vatsvakurudzi veNazi pachavo ndokuvaisa kushanda, kutumira ma laboratori kubva kuDachau, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, Auschwitz uye Buchenwald kuEdgewood Arsenal, Fort Detrick, Huntsville Air Force Base, Ohio State, uye University of Washington.
Sezvo masangano eAllied akayambuka English Channel munguva yeD-Day inopinda muna June 1944, vamwe vakuru vehurumende dzeChina vakazivikanwa seT-Forces vakanga vakarurama mushure mekutonga kwehondo. Basa ravo: Kubata nyanzvi dzemunyanzvi, nyanzvi, masayendisiti eGermany nemafambisirwo avo ekutsvakurudza, pamwe chete nevasayendisiti veFrance avo vaibatanidzwa nevaNazi. Nokukurumidza nhamba yakawanda yemasayendisiti akadaro akanga atorwa uye akaiswa mumusasa wevasungwa unonzi Dustbin. Muchigadziro chepakutanga chemishinari chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti mauto eGermany ehondo - matangi, jets, rocketry nezvimwewo - aiva nepamusoro-soro uye akakunda masayendisiti, nyanzvi nevanjiniya vangave vakakurudzirwa nokukurumidza mukuedza neAllies kuti vabate up.
Zvadaro, muna December 1944, Bill Donovan, mutungamiri weOSS, uye Allen Dulles, OSS mukuru wekushanda kwekuchenjera muEurope achibuda muSwitzerland, akakurudzira zvikuru FDR kuti avabvumire chirongwa chinobvumira mahofisi ehurumende dzeNazi, masayendisiti uye vashandi kuti vape "mvumo nokuda kwekupinda muUnited States mushure mehondo uye kuisa mari yavanowana pamubhadha reAmerican nezvimwe zvakadaro. "FDR yakakurumidza kupindurira chirevo ichi, ichiti," Tinotarisira kuti nhamba yevaGermany vanofarira kuponesa matanda avo uye nzvimbo ichakurumidza kuwedzera. Pakati pavo vangave vamwe vanofanirwa kutongerwa mhaka dzemhosva dzehondo, kana zvisungo zvakasungwa nekuda kwekuita basa reNazi. Kunyangwe nemitemo yakakodzera iwe unotaura, ini handina kugadzirira kupa mvumo yekupa zvivimbiso. "
Asi iyi veto yehutungamiri yehurumende yaiva tsamba yakafa kunyange sezvaiitwa. Operation Overcast yaive ichienderera mberi naJuly 1945, yakagamuchirwa neVa Joint Chiefs of Staff kuti vauye mumasayendisiti eUnited States 350 German, kusanganisira Werner Von Braun uye V2 rocket team yayo, makemikari ezvigadziriswa, uye zvombo zvekugadzira zvombo. Ikoko kwakanga kwave nekurambidzwa kwevaNazi kutengeswa, asi izvi zvaive zvisina chinhu sezvakaitwa neDDR. Mutambo weCastcast waisanganisira maNazi anozivikanwa zvikuru uye SS mahofisi eVon Braun, Dr. Herbert Axster, Dr. Arthur Rudolph naGeorg Richkey.
Von Braun team yakashandisa basa revaranda kubva musasa rekutambudzirwa kweDora uye yakanga yaita vasungwa kuti vafe muzvivako zveMittelwerk: kupfuura 20,000 yakanga yafa nokuneta uye nenzara. Mutariri wevatariri aiva Richkey. Mukuzvidzivirira pamusoro pekusarura mumiti yemassile - vasungwa vaizovhura pamagetsi emagetsi, zvichikonzera matambudziko anoshamisa - Richkey vaizovasungirira gumi nemaviri panguva imwe kubva kumagetsi emagetsi, nematanda emapuranga akaputirwa mumiromo yavo kuti vanzwe kuchema kwavo. MuDora mushure pachake akacherechedza vana semiromo isina maturo uye akarayira varindi veS SS kuti vavatambire kuti vafe, izvo zvavakaita.
Nhoroondo iyi haina kuvhara Richkey kukurumidza kuendesa kuUnited States, kwaakatumirwa kuWright Field, nhare yeArmed Air Corps pedyo neStotton, Ohio. Richkey akaenda kushanda kutarisira kuchengetedza kune mamwe maNazi mazhinji iye zvino achitsvakurudza kuongorora kwavo United States. Akanziwo akapiwa basa rekushandura zvese zvinyorwa kubva kuIndaneti yeMittelwerk. Iye zvino akava nemukana, waakashandisa zvakanakisisa, kuparadza chero chinhu chipi zvacho chekunyengera kune vamwe vake uye iye pachake.
Ne1947 pakanga paine kukwana kwakakwana kwevanhu, kwakakurudzirwa nemunyori wepepanhau Drew Pearson, kuti awane purogiramu yemhosva yehondo mhosva ye Rich Rich nevamwe vashomanana. Richkey akatumirwa kudzokera kuWest Germany uye akaisa muedzo wepachivande wakatariswa neUnited States Army, uyo aiva nezvikonzero zvose zvekubvisa Richkey sezvo kutendwa kwaizozivisa kuti yose yeMittelwerk team ikozvino muUnited States yaive ichibatanidzwa mukushandiswa kweuranda uye kutambudzwa uye kuuraya vasungwa vehondo, uye saizvozvo vakave nemhosva yemhosva yehondo. Saka hondo yakaparadza dambudziko reRichkey nekudzivirira zvinyorwa zvino muUnited States uye nekudzivirira chero upi neupi weVon Braun nevamwe kubva Dayton: Richkey akaregererwa. Nemhaka yekuti zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakaedzwa zvakashandura Rudolph, Von Braun naWalter Dornberger, zvisinei, zvinyorwa zvose zvakarongedzwa uye zvakachengetwa chakavanzika kwemakore makumi mana, nokudaro kuviga uchapupu hunogona kunge hwakatumira boka rose re rocket kumatanda.
Vakuru vakuru veUnited States Army vaiziva chokwadi. Pakutanga kubatwa kwevapambi veGermany vehondo kwakaruramiswa sezvakakosha kuhondo yakaramba ichirwisana neJapan. Gare gare, tsika dzekururamisira dzakaita sekudaidza "kupiwa kwepfungwa" kana kuti Joint Chiefs of Staff vakazviisa, se "chimiro chekushandiswa kwevanhu vashoma vasarudzo avo vanoenderera mberi nekugadzira kwepfungwa tinoda kuishandisa." Kugutsikana kwekutsvaga kwekugadzirisa kwakabva rimwe boka reNational Academy of Sciences, iro rakagamuchira chikamu chekudzidzira kuti masayendisiti eGermany ainge akanganisa kuparadzirwa kweNazi kuburikidza ne "chitsuwa chekusagadzikana mune zvematongerwe enyika muNazi," chirevo chokuti Von Braun, Richkey nevamwe vatyairi vevaranda vanofanira vakaonga chaizvo.
Ne 1946 chikonzero chinobva paCold War urongwa chaive chichikosha zvikuru. MaNazi aidiwa mukurwisana neKomonisiti, uye simba ravo zvechokwadi raifanira kuregwa kubva kune veSoviet. MunaSeptember 1946 Mutungamiri Harry Truman akabvuma basa rePulerclip rakafuridzirwa, iro basa rayo rakanga risina kuuya neasina masayendisiti e1,000 Nazi kuUnited States. Pakati pavo pane dzakawanda zvezvakaipa zvikuru zvehondo: kune vanachiremba kubva kumusasa wekutambudzikira weDachau vakange vauraya vasungwa kuburikidza nekuvaisa mumatunhu makuru ekuyera, avo vainge vasunungura avo vakaurayiwa uye vakavapa masero akawanda emvura yemunyu kutsvakurudza nzira yekumira . Ikoko kwakanga kune injinjini dzezvimakemikari dzakadai saKurt Blome, uyo akaedza Sarin nerve yemhepo kune vasungwa muAuschwitz. Paiva nachiremba vakakonzera mauto ekurwisana nekutora vakadzi vasungwa kuRavensbrück uye vachizadza mavanga avo nemitemo yakaoma, marara, girasi, girasi, ndokubva vachisunungura uye vachirapa vamwe nemayero emishonga sulfa panguva iyo vamwe vachiona nguva yakareba sei kuitira kuti vave nehutachiona hunokonzera chirwere.
Pakati pezvinangwa zvepurogiramu yekuchera mapepa yePercerclip aiva Hermann Becker-Freyseng naKonrad Schaeffer, vanyori vekudzidza "Thirst and Thirst Quenching in Emergency Situations at Sea." Chidzidzo chacho chakanga chagadzirirwa kuronga nzira dzekuwedzera kuponesa kwevatyairi vengarava vakawira pasi pamusoro pemvura. Nokuda kweizvi, masayendisiti maviri akabvunza Heinrich Himmler kuti "makumi mana ehutano hutano hwakanaka" kubva kuStr chief mutevedzeri wemisasa yevasungwa, mhirizhonga chete pakati pevasayendisiti ndeyekuti vatsvakurudzo vanofanirwa kuva vaJudha, gypsies kana makakomunisti. Izvi zvakaitwa kuDachau. Ava vasungwa, vazhinji vavo vevaJudha, vaine mvura yemunyu yakamanikidzwa mumitsipa yavo kuburikidza nemabhati. Vamwe vakanga vaine mvura yemunyu inopinda zvakananga mumashure avo. Hafu yezvidzidzo dzakapiwa mushonga unonzi berkatit, waifungidzirwa kuita kuti munyu wemvura uwedzere kunakidza, kunyange zvazvo masayendisiti akafungidzira kuti berkatit pachayo yaizove yakasvibisa mukati mevhiki mbiri. Vakanga vakarurama. Panguva yekuedzwa, vanachiremba vakashandisa masero akawanda kuti vabvise chiropa chechiropa. Hapana anesthetic yakapiwa. Zvose zvidzidzo zvekufa zvakafa. Vose Becker-Freyseng uye Schaeffer vakagamuchira zvibvumirano zvepanguva refu pasi pePaperclip; Schaeffer akapedzisira ari kuTexas, uko akaenderera mberi nekutsvakurudza kwake mu "nyota uye kushandiswa patsvina yemvura yemunyu."
Becker-Freyseng akapiwa basa rekugadzirira US Air Force iyo dare guru rekutsvakurudza mhirizhonga rakaitwa neavo vaNazi vaavo. Nenguva ino akange aenderedzwa pasi uye akaendeswa kunotongwa kuNuremberg. Basa reMictivolume, rakanzi German Aviation Medicine: Hondo Yenyika II, yakazobudiswa neU.S. Air Force, yakapedzisa nesumo yakanyorwa naBankker-Freyseng kubva kuNuremberg jeri cell. Basa racho harina kurehwa kutaura nezvevanhu vakaurayiwa, uye vakarumbidza masayendisiti eNazi sevanhu vakatendeseka uye vanokudzwa "vane unhu hwekusununguka uye hwekudzidza" kushanda pasi pezvinetso zveTatu Reich.
Mumwe wevamwe vavo vakakurumbira vainzi Dr. Sigmund Rascher, zvakare akapiwa Dachau. Muna 1941 Rascher akaudza Himmler nezvechido chakakosha chekutungamira zvakakwirira-kuongororwa pane zvidzidzo zvevanhu. Rascher, uyo akanga atanga nzvimbo yakaderera-yakamanikidzwa panguva yake yeKaiser Wilhelm Institute, akakumbira Himmler kuti awane mvumo yekuisa mucheche "vaviri kana vatatu vezvakaipa," hurumende yeNazi kuvaJudha, vasungwa veRussia vehondo uye nhengo yePoland kushorwa kwepasi. Himmler akakurumidza kubvumirana uye kuongorora kwaRascher kwaive kuitika mumwedzi.
Vashandi veRascher vakavharwa mukati mekamuri rake redu-rakamanikidzwa, iro rakarongedza kusvika kusvika kumakumbo e68,000. Masere makumi mapfumbamwe emakumbo evanhu akafa mushure mekuchengetwa mukati mukati kwehafu yeawa pasina oxygen. Zvizhinji zvevamwe zvakakwevedzwa semi-conscious kubva mukamuri ndokubva dzanyura mumvura yemvura yechando. Rascher akakurumidza kunyorera kuzarura misoro yavo kuti aongorore kuti mishonga yakawanda yeropa muuropi yakange yakaputika sei nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwemweya. Rascher akafananidza zviongorori uye kuzvipira, kutumira chinyorwa pamwe chete nemashoko ake anonyatsoongorora zvakare kuna Himmler. "Mimwe miedzo yakaita kuti varume vakanganise mumisoro yavo kuti vazopenga uye vobvisa bvudzi redzimba vachiedza kugadzirisa dambudziko rakadaro," Rascher akanyora. "Vaizobvarura pamisoro yavo uye vatarisana nemaoko avo uye vachidanidzira vachiedza kubvisa zvinetso pamapurisa avo." Zvinyorwa zveRascher zvakanyorwa nevarume vekuchenjera veUnited States ndokuendeswa kuHome Force.
Vakuru vehurumende veUnited States vakaona kushorwa kwevanhu vakaita saDrew Pearson nekuzvidzwa. Bosquet Wev, mutungamiri weJOIA, akadzinga masayendisiti 'Nazi aimboita se "picayune tsanangudzo"; vachiramba vachivapa mhosva nokuda kwebasa ravo nekuda kwaHitler uye Himmler akanga achingo "kurova bhiza rakafa." Kutamba paAmerica kutya pamusoro pezvinangwa zveStal muEurope, Wev akataura kuti kusiya maSisayansi masayendisiti muGermany "kunopa ngozi yakanyanya kudarika nyika ino kupfuura chero ipi zvayo yaimbova nhengo dzeNazi vangave vakave uye kana kunyange chero maNyellow tsitsi avo vangave vachiri. "
Chirongwa chekufananidzira chakafananidzirwa nomumwe wevamwe vaWev, Colonel Montie Cone, mutungamiri weG-2 kushandiswa kwechisimba. "Kubvira mune zvemauto, tinoziva kuti vanhu ava vaikosha kwatiri," akadaro Cone. "Chimbofungidzira zvatiinazvo kubva pakutsvakurudza kwavo - ma satellite edu ose, ndege dzejet, makomboti, zvese zvimwe."
Vakuru vekuchenjera veUnited States vakanyatsopindirana nebasa ravo zvokuti vakaenda kunotyisa kwenguva refu kuti vadzivirire avo vanyoreswa kubva kuvanopomerwa mhosva kumutemo weUnited States of Justice. Chimwe chezviitiko zvinonyangadza ndechokuti muNazi mutsvakurudzi wenguvazi Emil Salmon, uyo munguva yehondo akanga abatsira kuisa moto musinagogi yakazara nevakadzi vechiJudha nevana. Salmoni yakachengetedzwa nevakuru vakuru veUnited States paWright Air Force Base muOhio mushure mekunge vapomerwa mhosva dzepamhosva nedare reDenazification muGermany.
MaNazi akanga asiri ega masayendisiti akatsvakwa neAnited States agents pashure pokupera kweHondo Yenyika II. MuJapan mauto eUnited States akaisa mubhadharo wayo Dr. Shiro Ishii, mukuru weJapan Imperial Army's biowarfare unit. Dr. Ishii akanga atumira zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu nemakemikari zvinopesana neChinese neAllied troops, uye akanga aitawo nzvimbo huru yekutsvakurudza muManchuria, kwaakagadzira zvidzidzo zvezvigadzirwa zvezvigadziriswa kuChina, Russia neAmerica vasungwa vehondo. Ishii ane utachiona hwevasungwa ne tetanus; akavapa tomphoid-laced tomato; yakagadzirwa nehosha-ine utachiona; vakadzi vane utachiona vane chirwere; uye yakaputika mabhomu emagetsi pamusoro pezvizhinji zvePOWs zvakabatanidzwa pamatanda. Pakati pezvimwe zvinotambudza, zvinyorwa zveIshii zvinoratidza kuti aigara achiita "kuvimba" kune vanhu vakararama. Mune chibvumirano chakasungwa naGeneral Douglas MacArthur, Ishii akatendeuka kupfuura mapeji e10,000 e "tsvakurudzo dzaakawana" kuUnited States Army, akadzivisa kupomerwa mhosva dzehondo uye akakokwa kuti adzidzise ku Ft. Detrick, US Army bio-weapons research centre pedyo naFrederick, Maryland.
Pasi pemashoko ePercerclip pakanga pane makwikwi ane utsinye kwete chete pakati pevashandi vehondo nguva dzose asiwo pakati pebasa rakasiyana-siyana reUnited States - nguva dzose mararamiro ehondo ane utsinye. Curtis LeMay akaona mushure mokunge US Air Force yakagadziriswa itsva ichida kuita kuti kuparara kwevashandi vasvike uye yaifunga kuti nzira iyi yaizofambiswa kana akakwanisa kuwana masayendisiti akawanda eGermany nevanjiniya sezvazvinogona. Kune rumwe rutivi, US Navy yakanga yakatsvaga kutevera musungo wayo wezvakaipa zvehondo. Imwe yevarume vokutanga yakatorwa neyavafambisi vehondo yaiva musayendisiti weNazi anonzi Theordore Benzinger. Benzinger akanga ari nyanzvi yehondo yehondo, ruzivo rwaakawana kuburikidza nekuedza kukurukurwa kwakaitwa nevanhu panyaya dzekuwedzera kweHondo Yenyika II. Benzinger yakaguma nekambani yehurumende inobhadhara kushanda somutsvakurudzi weBhetesda Naval Hospital muMadganis.
Kuburikidza neChristian Technical Mission muEurope, vafambisi vezvombo zvekare vaifisawo munzira yehurumende yekutsvaga maitiro ehurumende yeNazi mukuita mibvunzo yekuongororwa. Vashandi vekudzivirira veNavy vakakurumidza kupinda mapeji ekutsvakurudza echiNazi pamusoro pechokwadi cheSerums, kutsvakurudza uku kwave kuchiitwa pamusasa wevasungwa weDachau naDkt Kurt Plotner. Plotner akanga apa vasungwa vechiJudha nevanorussia maitiro akareba emu mescalin uye akanga avatarisa vachiratidzira maitiro echichichiphrenic. Vasungwa vakatanga kutaura pachena pachena kuvenga kwavo kwevakatapa vavo veGermany, uye kuti vataure zvavanotaura pamusoro pekuita kwavo kwepfungwa.
American intelligence officers vakatora ruzivo rwechiremba muDkt Plotner. OSS, Naval Intelligence uye vashandi veManhattan Project vave vachiita zvitsva zvavo padzidziso yainzi TD, kana "chokwadi chezvinodhaka." Sezvichayeukwa kubva pane tsanangudzo muChitsauko 5 yeOSS mukuru George Hunter White anoshandisa THC paMafioso Augusto Del Gracio, vaive vachiedza TDs kutanga mu 1942. Zvimwe zvekutanga zvakange zviri vanhu vaishanda muManhattan Project. Nhamba dzeTC dzaitungamirirwa kune zvinangwa mukati meManhattan Project nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, nechinokonzerwa nehutachi yeTC iri kuiswa muzvokudya nezvokunwa, kana kuti yakazara pamashizha emapepa. "TD inoratidzika kuvhara zvose zvinodzivisa uye kuparadza nzvimbo dzehuropi dzinotungamirira kunzwisisa kweumwe munhu nekuchenjerera" Manhattan security team yakashamiswa zvikuru mukati mememo memo. "Iyo inokurudzira pfungwa uye inoratidza humwe unhu hwakasimba hwomunhu wacho."
Asi pane dambudziko. Maitiro eTC akaita kuti nyaya idzi dzikande uye avo vanobvunzurudza vaisazomboita kuti masayendisiti aparidze chero ruzivo rwehumwe, kunyange nekuwedzera kwekushandisa kwemishonga.
Kuverenga Dr. Plotner anozivisa kuti US Naval Intelligence mahofisi akawana kuti akaedza nekubudirira kumwe ne mescalin sekutaura-uye kunyange chokwadi-kukanganisa mishonga, zvichiita kuti vanoongorora vabvise "kunyange zvakavanzika zvepedyo zvikuru kubva pachidzidzo apo mibvunzo yakanyatsoiswa." Plotner akaudzawo kuti kutsvakurudza kune maitiro e-mescalin senhengo yehutsika yekuchinja kana pfungwa yekudzivirira.
Mashoko aya ainyanya kufarira Boris Pas, mumwe wevanhu vakawanda vanotadza muCIA yakaitwa nevanhu mukati mechikamu ichi chekutanga. Pashu akanga ari muRussia emmigré kuenda kuUnited States uyo akanga apfuura nemakore ekuchinja mumakore ekuberekwa kweSoviet Union. MuHondo Yenyika II akazopedzisira achishandira OSS kutarisira kuchengetedzwa kweManhattan Project, iyo, pakati pezvimwe zviitiko, akatarisa kuongorora kwaRobert Oppenheimer uye ndiye ainyanya kubvunzurudza nyanzvi yezvechirongwa cheatomic apo iyo yekupedzisira yaiva pasi pekufungidzirwa kwekubatsira pakavanzika kune Soviet Union.
Mukukwanisa kwake semusoro wezvokuchengetedza Pashu akanga atarisa OSS mukuru George Hunter White kushandiswa kweTTC kuManhattan Project scientists. Muna 1944 Pashu yakasarudzwa naDonovan kuti atungamirire chainzi iyo Alsos Mission, yakagadzirirwa kusunungura vasayendisiti veGermany vakange vabatanidzwa mukutsvakurudza zvombo zveatomu, chemikemikari uye yezvakaberekwa. Pash akasimudza doro kumba kweimwe shamwari yekare yepamberi, Dr Eugene von Haagen, purofesa paYunivhesiti yeStrasburg, uko masayendisiti mazhinji eNazi akanga ari nhengo dzematunhu. Pashu akanga aonana naHaagen apo chiremba akanga ari sabbatical paRockefeller University muNew York, achitsvakurudza zvirwere zvinopisa. Apo von Haagen akadzoka kuGermany munguva yekupedzisira 1930s iye naKurt Blome vakava vatungamiri vemauto ehurumende dzeNazi. Von Haagen akapedza nguva yakawanda yehondo kuuraya vasungwa vechiJudha mumusasa wevasungwa weNatzweiler vane zvirwere zvinosanganisira fever fever. Asinganzwisisiki nemabasa ehondo munguva yehondo, Pashu akabva aisa von Haagen purogiramu yePaperclip, kwaakashandira hurumende yeUnited States kwemakore mashanu achipa ruzivo muzvigadzirwa zvezvombo zvehondo.
Von Haagen akaisa Pash in touch neaimboimbobata naye Blome, uyo akakurumidzawo kupinda muPaperclip purogiramu. Ikoko kwaiva nenzvimbo isingadikanwi apo Blome akasungwa uye akaedzwa kuNuremberg nezvemhosva yehondo yezvehutano, kusanganisira kuuraya nemaune mazana evasungwa kubva kuPoland pasi pevhu neTBB nehosha yeBononic. Asi neropafadzo kumurume weNazi wesayenzi, US Army Intelligence uye OSS haana kuchengetedza zvinyorwa zvavakanga vawana kuburikidza nekubvunzurudzwa kwavo. Icho uchapupu hahuzongoratidze kuti Blome's mhosva asiwo basa rake rinotarisa mukuvaka chikwata cheGermany CBW kuti iongorore zvombo zvemakemikari uye zvezvigadzirisheni zvekushandiswa kumauto eAllied. Blome akabva.
Muna 1954, mwedzi miviri pashure pokunge Blome aregererwa, mahofisi ehurumende yeUnited States vakaenda kuGermany kuzomubvunzurudza. Mumashoko kuvakuru vake, HW Batchelor akatsanangura chinangwa chekufambisa uku: "Tine shamwari muGermany, shamwari dzezvesayenzi, uye iyi ndiyo mukana wekunakidzwa navo kuti ukurukure matambudziko edu akasiyana-siyana." Pamusangano weBome wakapa Batchelor runyorwa yezvombo zvezvakaberekwa nevatsvakurudzi vakanga vamushandira panguva yehondo uye vakataura nezvevimbiso itsva dzekutsvakurudza kune zvombo zvekuparadza kukuru. Blome akakurumidza kusayinirwa kune imwe kambani yePercerclip ye $ 6,000 pagore ndokuenda kuUnited States, kwaakatora basa rake paCamp King, nheyo yeuto kunze kweWashington, DC Mu1951 von Haagen yakatorwa nevakuru veFrance. Pasinei nokuedza kusina simba kwevadziviriri vake muUnited States, chiremba wacho akatongerwa mhosva dzehondo uye akatongerwa makore makumi maviri mujeri.
Kubva pamabasa ePercliplip, Pash, iye zvino muCIA itsva yakaberekerwa, akazove mukuru wePurogiramu Yebazi / 7, uko kufarira kwake kwakagadzirirwa maitiro ekubvunzwa kwakapiwa basa rakakwana. Basa rePurogiramu Yebazi / 7, iro rakazoonekwa chete muSenator Frank Church's 1976 kunzwa, raiva nebasa rekunyorwa kweCIA, kubvunzurudzwa nekuurayiwa kwekufungidzirwa kweCIA kaviri. Pashu akatsigira basa rechiremba reNazi kuDachau kuti ribatsire kunotungamirira munzira dzakanakisisa dzekutora mashoko, kusanganisira kutaura-kuderedza zvinodhaka, electro-shock, hypnosis uye chirwere chepfungwa. Munguva iyo Pash akapfuudzwa PB / 7, CIA yakatanga kudurura mari mu Project Bluebird, kuedza kudzokorora uye kuwedzera tsvakurudzo yeDachau. Asi panzvimbo yekutaura kweCIA yakashandurwa kuLSD, iyo yakange yakagadzirwa neSwitzerland chemakemikari Albert Hoffman.
Chekutanga CIA Bluebird muedzo weLSD yaitarisirwa kune zvidzidzo gumi nevaviri, vazhinji vavo vaiva vatsvuku, uye, sezvo CIA nyanzvi yepfungwa-vanyori vechiremba veNazi kuDachau vakati, "kwete kunyanya kufunga mupfungwa." Zvidzidzo zvakaudzwa kuti vakanga vari achipiwa mushonga mutsva. Mumashoko eCIA Bluebird memo, CIA vanachiremba, vanonyatsoziva kuti kuongorora kweLSD kwaita kuti schizophrenia ivepo, vakavimbisa kuti "hapana chakakomba" kana kuti njodzi yaizoitika kwavari. "Vanachiremba veCIA vakapa gumi nemaviri 150 micrograms yeLSD uye vakazviisa pasi pavo kusvika kunobvunzurudzwa.
Mushure mokuedzwa uku kunomhanya, CIA neUnited States Army zvakatanga kupararira zvakapararira paEdgewood Chemical Arsenal muMarganic kutanga muna 1949 uye ichiwedzera mumakore gumi anotevera. Zvakawanda kupfuura varwi ve7,000 US vaiva zvinhu zvisingazivikanwi zvekurapa kwechiremba. Varume vacho vaizotungamirirwa kutasva mabhizimisi nemasikisi pazviso zvavo, umo maikirwe emishonga e-hallucinogenic akange apihwa, kusanganisira LSD, mescalin, BZ (hallucinogen) uye SNA (sernyl, hama yePPP, zvichizivikanwa pane mumugwagwa seguruva remutumwa). Chimwe chezvinangwa zvekutsvakurudza uku ndechokuita hurumende yeAmnesia yose. Ichi chinangwa chakanga chakawanikwa munyaya dzezvidzidzo zvakawanda. Vazhinji vanopfuura chiuru chemauto avo vakapinda muzviongoridzo zvakabuda nekutambudzika kwakanyanya kwepfungwa uye kuora mwoyo: vakawanda vakaedza kuzviuraya.
Mumwe wakadaro aiva Lloyd Gamble, murume mutema uyo akanga apinda mubasa rekudenga. Muna 1957 Gamble yakanyengerwa kuti iite muDhipatimendi reZviviri / CIA chirongwa chekuongorora zvinodhaka. Gamble akatungamirirwa kutenda kuti akanga achiedza zvitsva zveuto zvehondo. Sekukurudzirwa kubatanidzwa mune purogiramu yaakapiwa nguva yakareba yekusiya, nzvimbo dzekugara dzoga uye dzimwe nguva kakawanda kushanyira. Kwemavhiki matatu Gamble akaisa uye akabvisa marudzi akasiyana-siyana eunifomu uye zuva rimwe nerimwe mukati mekuita kwakadaro kwakapiwa, pakuyeuka kwake, maviri kusvika matatu magirazi emvura-akaita semvura, iyo iri zvechokwadi LSD. Gamble akatambudzwa uye akaedza kuzviuraya. Akadzidza chokwadi makore gumi nemapfumbamwe gare gare apo kunzwa kweChechi kwakaratidza kuvapo kwegurogiramu. Kunyange zvakadaro Dhipatimendi reZviviri rakaramba kuti Gamble yakanga yabatanidzwa, uye kuputika kwakakoromoka chete apo dare rekare reDhipatimendi Rekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu rakauya, richizvikudza uye raive neGamble nevamwe gumi nevaviri se "kuzvipira purogiramu yaiva yepamusoro-soro yenyika inofarira . "
Mienzaniso mishomanana yekugadzirira kwemahofisi eUnited States ekuedza kuongorora nyaya dzisingadzizi dzakanyatsojeka kudarika mhirizhonga yenyika yekuchengetedzwa kwenyika mukutsvakurudza pamusoro pemigumisiro yehuwandu hwemhepo. Kwakanga kune zvitatu zvakasiyana siyana zvekuedza. Chimwe chaisanganisira zviuru zvemauto eAmerica uye vagari vemuAfrica avo vakanyatsotarisana nehuwandu hwemagetsi kubva kuU.S. nuclear nuclear test muAmerica Southwest uye South Pacific. Vakawanda vakanzwa nezvevarume varume vemazuva makumi mana emakore makumi maviri emadhora ekubhadharisa mari ye syphilis umo vamwe vakaurayiwa vakapiwa nzvimbo yekugara kuitira kuti vanachiremba vone kuongorora kufambira mberi kwechirwere. Mune mhaka yeMarshall Islanders, masayendisiti eUnited States akatanga kuronga H-muedzo - kakapetwa kazana simba rebhobho reHiroshima - saka akakundikana kurayira vagari vemahombekombe eRongelap ari pedyo nehungwaru hwemazuva uye ipapo, pamwe chete kuenzana kwemasayendisiti eNazi (hazvishamisi, kubva kuNazi veterans emagetsi ekuGermany akaedza kuponeswa nemukuru weCIA Boris Pash vakanga vari iye zvino muchechi yeUnited States), vakacherechedza zvavakaita.
Pakutanga Marshall Islanders vakabvumirwa kuramba vari pahara yavo kwemazuva maviri, vakazarurirwa mahara. Ipapo vakabva vabviswa. Makore maviri gare gare Dr. G. Faill, sachigaro weAatomic Energy Commission yemakiti ezvinyorwa uye mishonga, akakumbira kuti Rongelap Islanders idzoserwe kumahombekombe avo "nokuda kwechidzidzo chekuberekwa kwemagariro emigumisiro yevanhu ava." Chikumbiro chake chakapiwa. MuChNUMX Central Central Intelligence Agency uye Dhipatimendi reZvipiti zvakasaina chirevo chekuti hurumende yeUnited States iite maererano nemitemo yeNuremberg yekutsvakurudza nezvezvokurapa. Asi murairo iwoyo wakarongerwa sechakavanzika chepamusoro, uye kuvapo kwahwo kwakachengetwa chakavanzika kubva kuvatsvakurudzi, zvidzidzo uye vanoita mitemo kwemakore makumi maviri nemaviri. Mutemo wacho wakanyatsopfupikiswa neAatomic Energy Commission yaColonel OG Haywood, uyo akaita shanduro yake achiti: "Zvinoda kuti hapana gwaro ribudiswe rinoreva kushandiswa nevanhu. Izvi zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa kuvanhu vose kana kuunza zvigaro zvepamutemo. Zvinyorwa zvakafukidzira basa rakadaro rinofanirwa kusarudzwa chakavanzika. "
Pakati pemabasa akadaro akaiswa sechakavanzika aive nemayero mashanu akasiyana-siyana anotarisirwa neCIA, Atomic Energy Commission uye neDhipatimendi rekushandisa inosanganisira injection ye plutonium kuva vanhu vasere nevasere, kunyanya varima nevarombo, vasina kubvumirwa. Paiva nemitauro gumi nematatu yakabudiswa nemafuta emagetsi pamusoro peU.S. uye maguta eCanada pakati peC1948 ne1952 kuti adzidze tsika dzekuputsika uye kuora kwemasikironi emagetsi. Paiva nezvakawanda zvekuedzwa zvakabhadharwa neCIA neAtomic Energy Commission, kazhinji inoshandiswa neasayenzi paUC Berkeley, Yunivhesiti yeChicago, Vanderbilt neMIT, iyo yakaratidza vanhu vanopfuura 2,000 vasingazivi kuti vanoongorora mahara.
Nyaya yaElmer Allen inofanirwa. Muna 1947 uyu 36 ane makore ane makore masere anoshanda mubasa rezvitima akaenda kuchipatara muChicago nemarwadzo mumakumbo ake. Vanachiremba vakaona kuti chirwere chake sezviri pachena chiitiko chekenza yemapfupa. Vakayira jira rake rokuruboshwe nemaitiro makuru e plutonium pamazuva maviri anotevera. Pazuva rechitatu, vanachiremba vakagura gumbo rake ndokuriendesa kuAtomic Energy Commission's physiologist kuti aongorore kuti plutonium yakanga yapararira sei mumatombo. Makumi makumi maviri nematanhatu gare gare, mu1973, vakadzosa Allen kudzokera kuArgonne National Laboratory kunze kweChicago, kwavakamupa muviri wakazara mazaisai ezuva, ndokutora urine, fecal neropa sampuli kuti aongorore zvakasara zve plutonium mumuviri wake kubva ku1947 kuedza.
Muna 1994 Patricia Durbin, uyo akashanda kumaLabond Lawrence Livermore pamapuronium plutonium, akayeuka, "Tagara tichitevera mumwe munhu aiva nechimwe chirwere chechirwere chaizenge chichida kugadziriswa. Zvinhu izvi hazvina kuitika kuti zvinotambudza vanhu kana kuvarwarisa kana kusuruvara. Vakanga vasina kuitwa kuti vauraye vanhu. Zvakanga zvaitwa kuti vawane ruzivo rwakakosha. Izvo zvavakange vakuyiwa uye vakapa iyi inokosha inofanirwa kunge inenge yava rudzi rwechirangaridzo pane chimwe chinhu chokunyara nacho. Hazvindinetsa kuti ndichitaura nezve plutonium injectees nekuda kwehuwandu hwemashoko avakapiwa. "Dambudziko rega rekodzero iyi yechirwere ndechokuti Elmer Allen anoita kunge asina chaakakanganisika naye paakaenda kune chipatara nemarwadzo emakumbo uye haana kumbobvunzwa nezvekutsvakurudza kwakaitwa mumuviri wake.
Muvabereki veC1949 vevakomana vakangopererwa mupfungwa paFernald School muMassachusetts vakakumbira kupa vana vavo kubvumirana nechechi "sangano resainzi." Vakomana ava vakabatana nekambani vakanga vasingazivi zvinhu zvekuongorora izvo Atomic Energy Commission yakabatana pamwe neQuaker Oats company yakavapa radioactive oatmeal. Vatsvakurudzi vaida kuona kana maikemikisi ekuchengetedzeka kwemakemikari mumugwagwa akadzivirira muviri kuti urege kudya mavitamini nemaminerari, uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumhepo zvinoshandiswa sevatengesi. Vaidawo kutarisisa zvinokonzerwa nemasikirwo emhepo pavana.
Kuparadzanisa nzira dzeNazi, hutachiona hutsva hwehutano hwehurumende yeUnited States hwakatsvaga avo vanotambura uye vanotapwa pane zvidzidzo: vanorwara mupfungwa, vanorwara, uye vasingafungi, vasungwa. Muchi1963 133 vasungwa muOregon neWashington vaiva nezvikwata zvavo uye mapeti akaiswa pachena kune 600 roentgens yemirairo. Imwe yezvidzidzo izvi ndeyeHarold Bibeau. Mazuva ano iye mu-55 ane makore ane makore makumi maviri nemashanu anogara kuCattdale, Oregon. Sezvo 1994 Bibeau yave ichirwisa murume mumwe chete kurwisana neUnited States of Energy, Dhipatimendi reOregon ye Corrections, iyo Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs uye Oregon Health Sciences University. Nemhaka yekuti iye wekare-aka haana, kusvika ikozvino, akawana kugutsikana kukuru.
Muna 1963 Bibeau akatongerwa mhosva yekuuraya murume akanga aedza kumushungurudza pabonde. Bibeau yakawana makore gumi nembiri nekuda kwekuuraya kwekuzvidira. Ari mujeri mumwe musungwa akamuudza zvekuti angatora nguva akagogodza mutongo wake ndokuita mari shoma. Bibeau inogona kuita izvi nekubatanidza chirongwa chekutsvakurudza nezvezvokurapa chinonzi chinotungamirirwa neOregon Health Sciences University, chikoro chechiremba chehurumende. Bibeau inoti kunyange zvazvo akasaina chibvumirano chekuti ave chikamu chekutsvakurudza, haana kumbobvunzwa kuti pangava nemigumisiro ine ngozi kune utano hwake. Kuongororwa kweBibeau nedzimwe vasungwa (zvose zvakataurwa, 133 vasungwa muOregon neWashington) vakaratidza kukuvadza zvakanyanya.
Tsvakurudzo inobatanidza kuongorora kwemigumisiro yemirairo pamusana pevanhu uye gonadal kushandiswa kwema cell.
Bibeau neshamwari dzake dzakasimbiswa ne 650 rads yemayera. Iyi iyi nhamba yakakura kwazvo. Chimwe chepfu X-ray nhasi chinosanganisira nezve 1 rad. Asi izvi hazvisi zvose. Kwemakore mashomanana anotevera mujeri Bibeau anoti ainge aiswa mishonga yakawanda yemimwe mishonga, yehupenyu husingazivikanwi kwaari. Akange ane biopsies uye mamwe mavhivhi. Anotaura kuti mushure mokunge asunungurwa kubva mujeri haana kuzomboonanazve zvekuongorora.
Ongororo yeOregon yakaitwa kuAtomic Energy Commission, neCIA sehurumende inoshanda pamwe chete. Mutungamiri weOregon muedzo aiva Dr. Carl Heller. Asi chaiyo X-rays paBibbeau uye nevamwe vasungwa vakaitwa nevanhu vasina kukwana, sevamwe vasungwa vasungwa. Bibeau haina kuwana nguva kubva pamutongo wake uye yakabhadharwa $ 5 pamwedzi uye $ 25 yebhaopsy imwe neimwe yakaitwa pamakumbo ake. Vakawanda vevasungwa muongororo mujeri rehurumende yeOregon neWashington vakapiwa vasectomi kana kuti vakagadzirwa chirwere. Chiremba uyo akaita maitiro ekuita sterilization akaudza vasungwa kuti sterilizations yaidiwa "kuchengetedza kusasvibisa huwandu hwevanhu nehuwandu hwemhepo inokonzerwa nemhepo."
Mukuchengetedza sterilization experiments, Dr. Victor Bond, chiremba paBrookhaven nyukliya lab, akati, "Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mazai emishonga inokonzera sterilizes. Zvinobatsira kuziva kuti zvii zvakasiyana-siyana zvemazuva ano zvichaita kuvanhu. "Mumwe wevashandi vaBond, Dr. Joseph Hamilton weYunivhesiti yeCalifornia Medical School muSan Francisco, akataura zvakanyatsoratidza kuti majekiseni emhepo (ayo aibatsira kutsigira) "Akanga ane zvishoma zveBuchenwald kubata."
Kubvira ku1960 kusvika ku1971 Dr. Eugene Sanger nevamwe vake paYunivhesiti yeCincinnati vakaita "miviri yakazara miviri yezvidzidzo" pane zvidzidzo zve88 zvaive vatsva, varombo uye vairwara nekenza nedzimwe zvirwere. Zvidzidzo izvi zvakaratidzwa kune 100 rads of radiation - yakaenzana ne7,500 chest X-rays. Kuedza kwakanyanya kunokonzera kurwadziwa kukuru, kurutsa uye kubuda kubva mumhino uye nzeve. Zvose asi mumwe wevarwere vakafa. Pakati pe-1970s komiti ye congressional yakawana kuti Sanger akanga aine mafomu ekubvumirana kwezviitiko zvezviitiko izvi.
Pakati pe1946 ne1963 kupfuura varwi veSUN va200,000 vakamanikidzwa kuchengetedza, pamatambudziko akavharidzirwa, kuongororwa kwebhomba enyukireya muPacific neNevada. Mumwe wevanhu vakadaro, mumwe weUnited States Army ainzi Jim O'Connor, anoyeuka mu1994, "Kwaiva nemurume aine kutarisa kwemannikin, uyo ainge aine chikafu mushure megunker. Chimwe chinhu chakafanana nematairi chakabatanidzwa pamaoko ake, uye chiso chake chaiva neropa. Ndakanzwa kunhuhwirira kwakafanana nekupisa nyama. Iko rotary kamera yandakanga ndaona yakanga ichienda kuratidza zoom zoom uye guy akaramba achiedza kusimudza. "O'Connor pachake akatiza nzvimbo yacho asi akaendeswa neAatomic Energy Commission patrol uye akapiwa miedzo yakareba kuti aone kuvepo kwake. O'Connor akati mu1994 kuti kubvira panguva iyo muedzo iye aona matambudziko akawanda ehutano.
Kumusoro kweWashington, pakachengeterwa nyukliya kuHanford, Komisheni yeAtomic Energy yakaita hurukuro yakawanda yemakemikari inogadziriswa kusvika musi waDecember 1949. Muedzo wacho hauna kusanganisira kuputika kwe nyukireya asi kubudiswa kwezviuru zvemazana emadhora eododhe mumhepo yakawanda yakareba mazana emakiromita kumaodzanyemba nekumavirazuva kusvika kuSeattle, Portland uye muganhu weCalifornia-Oregon, ichirwisa mazana ezviuru zvevanhu. Kubva pakurangarirwa kuedza panguva iyoyo, vanhu vasiri vanhu vakazviziva chete munguva yekupedzisira ye1970s, kunyange zvazvo pakanga paine kusafungirwa kusingaperi nekuda kwemasumbu ehutachiona hwehutano anowanikwa pakati pevanhu vari pasi.
Mune 1997, National Cancer Institute yakawana kuti mamiriyoni evana veAmerica ainge akambomira kune huwandu hwehutachiona hwehuyodine dzinozivikanwa kuti hunokonzera kenza yekenza. Zvizhinji zvekutsvaga izvi zvaive nekuda kwekunwa mukaka zvakasvibiswa nekudonhera kubva kumusoro-kwenyika kuongororwa kwenyukliya kwakaitwa pakati pe1951 ne1962. Chikoro ichi chichifungidzira kuti ichi chaiva maharadi akawandisa akakonzera 50,000 kenza yekemikari. Kubudiswa kwese kwemazuva ano kwakafungidzirwa kuva kakapetwa kakapetwa kagumi kune avo vakabudiswa nekuputika muSoviet Chernobyl reactor mu1986.
Mutungamiri wehutungamiri wehurumende muZ1995 akatanga kutarisa mukati mekuedza kwemairasi kuvanhu uye akakumbira CIA kuti ipe zvinyorwa zvayo zvose. Sangano rakapindura nekutaura kwakasimba kuti "rakanga risina marekodhi kana rumwe ruzivo pamusoro pekuedza kwakadaro." Chimwe chikonzero icho CIA inogona kunge yakanzwa chivimbo mubasa iri rakanyanyisa rakaita kuti mu1973, mutungamiriri weCIA Richard Helms akashandisa nguva yekupedzisira vasati vasimuka kuronga kuti zvinyorwa zvose zveCIA kuedza kwevanhu zvinoparadzwa. Mharidzo ye1963 inobva kuCIA's Inspector General inoratidza kuti kwemakore anopfuura gumi zvisati zvaitika iyo Agency yakave ichibvunzurudzwa nekugadzirwa kwemakemikari, zvisikwa uye radiological zvinhu zvinogona kushanda mumabasa ekudzivirira kutonga tsika dzevanhu. Gwaro re 1963 rakaramba richireva kuti mutungamiri weCIA Allen Dulles aibvumirana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuedza kwevanhu se "nzira dzekutonga kwehutsika hwevanhu" kusanganisira "mazairo, electroshock, masangano akasiyana-siyana epfungwa, masangano evanhu uye anthropology, graphology, zvidzidzo zvekunetswa uye zvigadzirisheni zvigadzirwa uye zvinhu. "
Mushumo we Inspector General wakabuda mumusangano wekusangano muC1975 mune fomu yakagadziridzwa zvikuru. Inoramba ichishandiswa kusvika nhasi. Muna 1976, CIA yakapa kereke yeChechi kuti yakanga isati yashandisa mashizha. Asi kudai kwaiva pasicut mu1991 apo mabhuku akazarurwa paChichi
ARTICHOKE chirongwa. Pfupiso yeCIA yeARTICHOKE inoti "pamusoro pekufungidzira, kutsvagisa kwemakemikari uye nezvepfungwa, madanho anotevera akaongororwa ... Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinoonekwa zvinosanganisira kupisa, kutonhora, kumanikidzwa mumhepo, nemwaranzi."
Mutungamiri wehurumende yeChNUMX, yakagadzwa nemunyori weDhip of Energy Hazel O'Leary, yakatevera nzira iyi yehuchapupu uye yakagumisa kuti CIA yakatsvaga mazai echinhu chakanaka chekudzivirira uye kushora kushandiswa kwehuropi hwehupi uye mamwe maitiro ekubvunzurudza. Mushumo wekupedzisira weCommission unotaurira CIA zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti Sangano rakabhadhara mari muchivako kuumbwa kwephipi reGeorgetown University Hospital mune 1994s. Izvi zvaizova nzvimbo yekuchengetedzwa kweCIA-yaibhadharwa pamakemikari uye zvirogram. Mari yeCIA yeiyi yakaenda kuburikidza nekupfuura-kuenda kuDr. Charles F. Geschickter, uyo akamhanya Geschickter Fund yeZveshupenzi. Chiremba akanga ari muchengeti wekenza weGeorgetown akaita kuti zita rake riongorore nekureba kwemazuva ano. Muna 1950 Dr. Geschickter akapupurira kuti CIA yakabhadhara radiyo-isotope mabhi nemishonga uye yakanyatsocherechedza tsvakurudzo yake.
ICIA yakanga iri mutambi mukuru mumutambo wose wepakati-sangano rehurumende huripo kuedza kwevanhu. Semuenzaniso, vatatu veCIA vakashanda muDare reDhipatimendi reDhipatimendi rezvesayenzi vezvokurapa uye aya mahofisi aya aivewo nhengo dzinokosha pamakambani akabatanidzwa mune zvehutano nezvehutano hweatomu. Iyi ndiyo komiti yehurumende yakaronga, inobhadharwa uye inongororedza maitiro emadhora evanhu, kusanganisira kuiswa kwevarwi veUnited States pedyo neongororo dzesekireya dzakaitwa mu1940s uye 1950s.
ICIA yaivewo chikamu chemauto ezvombo zvezvemapurisa, akagadzirwa mu1948, apo Sangano rakaiswa muchengeti we "nyika dzekunze, dzeatomu, dzebhaibheri, uye zvemakemikari, kubva mune zvesayenzi yezvesayenzi. Pakati pezvitsauko zvinoshamisa mune izvi ndechekuendeswa kweboka revarume kuti vaite nenzira yekudzivirira muviri, sezvavakaedza kutora mhuka uye mapfupa emapfupa kubva kune zvitunha kuti vaone maitiro ekugumburwa mushure mekuedzwa kwezvinhu zvenyukireya. Kusvika pakupedzisira vakanora mhando kubva kune miviri ye 1,500 - pasina ruzivo kana kubvumirana kwehama dzevakafa. Uhu humwe humwe uchapupu hwebasa reParamende rinokosha ndiro raitungamirira chikamu mu Joint Atomic Energy Intelligence Committee, imba yekuchenesa huchenjeri kune dzimwe nyika zvirongwa zvenyukireya. ICIA yakatungamira Scientific Intelligence Committee uye iyo inobatsira, Joint Medical Science Intelligence Committee. Zvose izvi miviri yakaronga kupenya kwemazuva uye kutsvakurudza kwevanhu kuDhipatimendi reZviviri.
Izvi zvakanga zvisingarevi chikamu chakazara chebato reDare mukuedza kune vanhu vapenyu. Sezvakataurwa, muna 1973 Richard Helms zvakarambidza basa rakadaro neChipatimendi uye akarayira zvinyorwa zvose zvakaparadzwa, achiti haadi kuti vashandi veSangano vaite basa rakadai kuti "vanyadziswe." Nokudaro zvakaguma zvakagadziriswa kuwedzerwa neSouth Central Intelligence Agency ye basa reNazi "masayendisiti" saBakerker Freyseng uye Blome.
Sources
Nhau yekutsvaga masayendisiti eNazi uye vadzidzisi vehondo nePentagon neCentral Intelligence Agency inoudzwa mumabhuku maviri akanaka kwazvo asi asina kururama: Tom Bower's The Paperclip Rangano: Hunt nokuda kweNazi Scientists uye naLinda Hunt Secret Agenda. Kudaidzira kwekudaidzira, kunyanya, ndiko kutanga kwero. Achishandisa Freedom of Information Act, akazarura mapeji emapepanhau emapepa kubva kuPentagon, State Department neCIA iyo inofanira kuchengetedza vatsvakurudzi vachengetwa kwemakore anotevera. Nhoroondo yezviongorori zvevanachiremba vechiNazi inowanzobva pamhosva yekutongwa kwechiremba pamhosva yeNuremberg, Alexander Mitscherlich naFred Mielke Doctors of Infamy, uye nhoroondo yaRobert Proctor inotyisa in Racial Hygiene. Tsvakurudzo yehurumende yeUnited States muhondo yezvigadzirwa zvehupenyu inonyatsotsanangurwa mubhuku raJeanne McDermott, The Killing Winds.
Nhoroondo yakanakisisa yehurumende yeUnited States pakukudziridza uye kuendesa makemikari hondo hondo inoramba iri bhuku raSeymour Hersh Kemikari uye Biological Warfare kubva kumakore ekupedzisira 1960s. Muchiedza chekuona chikonzero cheGulf War Syndrome, Sénata Jay Rockefeller akabata mutsindo wekutaura kunoshamisa pamusoro pekuedzwa kwevanhu nehurumende yeUnited States. Nhoroondo yekunzwa yakapa zvakawanda zvezvikamu zvezvikamu zvechitsauko ichi zvine chokuita nekuedza kusingazivikanwi kune vagari veUnited States neCIA neUnited States Army. Mashoko pamusoro pekuedzwa kwemaawa eAtomic Energy Commission uye masangano anobatanidza (kusanganisira CIA) anouya zvikuru kubva kuongororo dzakawanda dzeG GA, kubva kumushumo mukuru wakagadzirwa neDhipatimendi reNyika muna 1994 uye kubva kune munyori anobvunzurudzwa nevane vakaurayiwa ve plutonium uye sterilization experiments.
Mutsara uyu unofananidzwa kubva muchitsauko muWhiteout: CIA, Zvinodhaka uye Press.
