Simbisai International Criminal Court

(Ichi chikamu 42 che World Beyond War chena bepa A Global Security System: An Alternative to War. Ramba uchienda inotangira | zvinotevera chikamu.)

The International Criminal Court (ICC) iri Dare rinogara nokusingaperi, rakagadzirwa nesungano, the "Mutemo weRoma," iyo yakatanga kushanda musi wa 1 July, 2002 mushure mokubvumidzwa neZimbabwe 60. Sezvakaitwa 2015 chibvumirano chakasayirwa nemarudzi 122 ("States Parties"), zvisinei neIndia neChina. Vatatu veAmerica vakataura kuti havadi kuva chikamu cheSangano-Israel, Sudan, uye United States. Dare iri rusununguko rwakamira uye harusi rutivi rweUnited System kunyange runoshanda pamwe nekubatana naro. The Security Council inogona kutumira nyaya kuDare, kunyange zvazvo Dare iri pasi pebasa risingafaniri kuvanzvera. Simba rayo harisi nyore kune mhosva dzinopesana nevanhu, mhosva dzehondo, kurwisana, uye mhosva dzechisimba sezvo izvi zvakanyatsorondedzerwa mukati metsika yemutemo wenyika dzose uye sezvazvinyatsotsanangurwa mumutemo. Iyo Dare rekusarudzwa kwekupedzisira. Sezvo mutemo mukuru, ICC inogona kunge isina simba pamberi peHurumende yeChechi iine mukana wekuedza mhosva dzinopomerwa pachayo uye kuratidzira kukwanisa uye kunyatsoda kuzviita, kureva kuti, matare eZimbabwe Parties anofanira kunge achishanda. Dare "rinopindirana nehurumende yenyika" (Rome Statute, Preamble). Kana Dare rinosarudza kuti rine simba, chigadziro chinogona kupikiswa uye chero upi zvake hunosimbiswa kusvikira dambudziko rakanzwika uye kugadzirisa kunoitwa. Dare rinogona kunge risina simba pamusoro penharaunda yenyika chero ipi zvayo isingatendi kuRome Statute.

ICC inoumbwa nhengo ina: Hurezidhendi, Hofisi yePurezidhendi, Registry uye Jujiary iyo inoumbwa nevatongi vane gumi navasere muDzimba dzeMutatu: Kutongwa, Kutongwa, uye Mhosva.

Dare rauya pasi pekutsoropodza kwakasiyana siyana. Chokutanga, yakapomerwa nekusaruramisira kusarura hutsinye muAfrica apo iyo dzimwe nzvimbo dzisina kufarirwa. Sezvaiitwa 2012, matanomwe manomwe akasvinura akatarisa kune vatungamiri veAfrica. Ikusingaperi yeChishanu yeHarare Council inoratidzika kuti inosendamira kune chinangwa ichi. Sezvo chirevo, Dare rinofanira kukwanisa kuratidza kusasarura. Zvisinei, zvinhu zviviri zvinoderedza kutsoropodzwa uku: 1) dzimwe nyika dzeAfrica dzinopinda muchibvumirano kupfuura mamwe marudzi; 2) iyo Dare iri iri kutevera mhosva dzomumhosva muIraq neVenezuela (iyo haina kutungamirira kutambudziro) uye emapurisa masere iye zvino akazaruka (2014), matanhatu nhatu dzisiri dzeAfrica.

Chimwe chechipiri uye chekutsoropodza chakafanana ndechekuti Dare rinoratidzika kune rimwe rekushanda neo-colonialism sekubhadhara mari uye kuvashandi zvakaenzaniswa neEuropean Union neWestern States. Izvi zvinogona kugadziriswa nekuparadzira mari yekubhadhara uye kubhadhara vadzidzisi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.

Chechitatu, yakarongerwa kuti bhar yekufanirwa kwevatongi inofanira kunge yakakwirira, inoda unyanzvi mumutemo wenyika dzakawanda uye chiitiko chekutanga chekuedzwa. Hazvina mubvunzo kuti zvinodiwa kuti vatongi vave vepamusoro-soro uye vanove nezviitiko zvakadaro. Chero zvipingamupinyi zvinomira munzira yekusangana nepamusoro-soro inoda kuongororwa.

Chechina, vamwe vanopikisa kuti masimba eMutongi ari akawandisa. Inofanira kurehwa kuti idzi dzakasimbiswa neTatimiti uye dzinoda kuchinjwa kuti dzichinje. Kunyanya, vamwe vakatsinhira kuti Mutongi haafaniri kuva nekodzero yekutsanangurira vanhu avo nyika dzavo dzisiri kunyora; zvisinei, izvi zvinoratidzika kunge kusanzwisiswa sezvo Statute inopedza mhosva yezvinyorwa zvinyorwa kuvasaini kana dzimwe nyika dzakabvumirana nedare rezvinyorwa zvinyorwa kunyange kana dzisingatendi.

Chechipiri, hapana chikumbiro kune dare rakakwirira. Cherechedza kuti dare rekutanga-dare reDare rinofanira kubvumirana, zvichibva pauchapupu, kuti gweta rezvemhosva rinogona kuitwa, uye mumiririri anogona kudana zvaakawana kuChirangaridzo. Nyaya yakadaro yakabudirira kugadziriswa neaipomerwa muC2014 uye nyaya yacho yakadonha. Zvisinei, zvingava zvakakosha kufunga nezvekusika kwekukumbira dare kunze kweCIC.

Chechitanhatu, pane zvikomba zvinokodzera pamusoro pokushaikwa kwekunze. Zvizhinji zvezvikamu zveMatare uye zvinenge zvichiitwa zvinotorwa muchivande. Nepo kune zvingava nezvikonzero zvepamutemo zvezvimwe zvezvi (kudzivirirwa kwezvapupu, pakati pezvimwe), chikamu chepamusoro chekujekesa chinokwanisika chinodiwa uye Dare rinofanira kuongorora maitiro aro munyaya iyi.

Chechipiri, vamwe vatsoropodzi vave vachikakavadzana kuti mitemo yekutongwa kwakakodzera haisi yepamusoro pemitemo yekuita. Kana izvi zviri izvo, zvinofanira kururamiswa.

Hwepfumbamwe, vamwe vakakavhiringidza kuti Dare rakawana zvishoma zvishoma nezvemari yemari yave yashandisa, iine chivimbo chimwe chete kusvika zvino. Izvi, zvisinei nharo dzekuremekedzwa kweDare kwekuita uye iyo inowanzochengetedza zvakasikwa. Zvave pachena kuti hazvina kupera mukuvhima kwouroyi kune munhu wese anonyadzisa munyika asi akaratidza kuzvidzora kunofadza. Ichowo uchapupu hwekutambudzika kwekuunza kutambudzwa uku, kuunganidza uchapupu dzimwe nguva makore shure kwekuuraya uye dzimwe hutsinye, kunyanya mumutauro wakasiyana-siyana.

Pakupedzisira, kutsoropodza kwakanyanya kunopesana neDare ndiyo huripo huri sehutano hwemasango. Vamwe havadi kana kuti vachichida nokuda kwezvazviri, kureva kunoratidzirwa pamusoro pekusaziva hurumende yeHurumende. Asi zvakadaro, zvakare, chibvumirano chose, uye ivo vose, kusanganisira Rome Statute, vakapinda nokuzvidira uye nokuda kwezvakanaka. Kupedza hondo hakugoni kuitwa nemauto ega oga. Nhoroondo yezviuru zvemakore hairevi chinhu kunze kwekukundikana munyaya iyi. Transnational magweta ehurumende ndiwo chikamu chakakosha cheA Alternative Global Security System. Zvechokwadi Dare rinofanira kunge richizviisa pasi pemitemo imwechete yavanenge vachitsigira kune imwe nzvimbo yepasi rose, kureva, kuve pachena, kubvunzurudza, kukurumidza uye kukodzera, uye avo vanoziva zvakakwana. Kubatanidzwa kweInternational Criminal Court kwaive danho guru mukufambira kwehutano hwehutano hunoita.

Inofanira kusimbiswa kuti ICC inzvimbo yakatsva-sha, iyo inotanga kushandiswa kwevanhu vemunharaunda yose yekuedza kuvimbisa kuti mhombwe dzepasi pose dzinonyadzisa hazvibvumi nemhosva dzavo dzakawanda. Kunyange IUnited Nations, iyo ndiyo yechipiri iteration of collective security, ichiri kuenderera mberi uye ichiri kudiwa kwekuchinja kukuru.

Sangano rehurumende, Coalition ye International International Criminal Court, inosanganisira 2,500 masangano emasangano emunyika ye150 inotsigira ICC yakanaka, inoshanda, uye yakasununguka uye yakagadziridzwa kuwanikwa kururamisiro kune avo vakaurayiwa, kuparwa kwemhosva uye kuparwa kwevanhu.^note44

(Ramba uchienda inotangira | zvinotevera chikamu.)

Tinoda kunzwa kubva kwamuri! (Ndapota shandisai mashoko anotevera)

Izvi zvakatungamirira sei iwe kufunga zvakasiyana nezvezvimwe nzira dzokurwa nadzo?

Chii chaungawedzera, kana kuchinja, kana mubvunzo pamusoro peizvi?

Chii chaungaita kuti ubatsire vamwe vanhu kunzwisisa pamusoro pezvimwe nzira dzehondo?

Ungatora sei chiito kuti uite izvi zvakasiyana nehondo kuitika?

Ndapota shandisai mashoko aya zvakanyanya!

Related posts

Ona zvimwe zvinyorwa zvakabatana "Kutarisira Mhirizhonga Dzepasi Pose uye Nezvematongerwe Enyika"

ona tafura yakazara yezviri mukati A Global Security System: An Alternative to War

Notes:
44. http://www.un.org/wcm/content/site/undpa/main/enewsletter/pid/24129 (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)