Exclusive: Mutungamiri Obama vanochengeta mauto eUS kuAfghanistan vachirwa hondo isingatorerwe nekutya mhedzisiro yezvematongerwo enyika kana akatarisana nezvazviri uye akabvuma kukundwa, mubatanidzwa weVietnam, anonyora Jonathan Marshall.
NaJohn Marshall, Consortium News
Vanyori venhoroondo vachiri kupokana kana Mutungamiri John F. Kennedy angadai akabvisa mauto eUS kubva kuVietnam dai airarama kuti akunde zvekare musarudzo mu1964. Kubva Mutungamiri Barack Obama nguva pfupi yadarika zvakaziviswa chinangwa chake chekuchengeta angangoita mauto e8,400 eUS muAfghanistan kusvika kumagumo ehutungamiriri hwake, gakava riripo chete nderekuti nei asina kumbobvira asienda asi akasarudza kunamatira hondo isingagoneke - iyo refu pane imwe nhoroondo yeUS - kune iye mutsivi wake.
Hondo yeUS muAfghanistan ichapfuura zviri pamutemo chiratidzo che15-mumwedzi mishoma. Asi seVietnam, apo United States yakatanga kubatsira mauto eFrance mumakore ekupedzisira e1940s, Afghanistan yakave iyo yakagadzirirwa muhondo yeWashington kwemakumi anopfuura matatu nehafu.
Musi waChikunguru 3, 1979, Mutungamiri Carter kutanga kwakabvumidza kuvanzika kwerubatsiro kuvapikisi vakashonga hurumende yemusiya muKabul. Mumwe mukuru wePentagon akatsigira rubatsiro rwekuti "kuyamwisa vaSoviet kuva yeVietnam quagmire."
Kana VaMoscow vakatora nyambo ndokutumira mauto muna Zvita kuti vanotsigira hurumende yeAfghan kumisangano yekukura inovandudza, National Security Adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski vakanyora Mutungamiri Carter, "Tave nemukana wekupa kuUSSR Hondo yavo yeVietnam."
Idaidze kuti blowback, kana kungoita kunge kwekusanzwisisika kwenhoroondo, asi Afghanistan yakachinja kuita America yechipiri yeVietnam War. MaSoviet akazopedzisira ave nemafungiro akanaka ekuti abudise mushure mekuyeurwa neropa kwemakore gumi. Iyo Obama manejenzi inofungidzira kugara ipapo nekusingaperi. Pasi pe Bilateral Security Agreement Mutungamiri Obama akaendesa Kabul kusaina mu2014, mauto eUS angangoramba arimo muAfghanistan "kusvika kumagumo 2024 nekumwe."
Mutungamiri Obama vakaramba zvakanyatsojeka chero fananidzo yeVietnam mune a nhaurwa makore manomwe apfuura. Asi seVietnam, kurwa kwedu kuri kuenderera mberi muAfghanistan kwaita kusava netariro, kwakamirirwa nenhema dzehurumende, hutsinye, huori uye varombo vakatungamira vehurumende vanopona musango nekuda kwebhomba reUS. SaVietnam, Afghanistan inomiririra tsvina inoshamisa yehupenyu (kudarika 300,000 zvakananga kuzviuraya kuburikidza nepakutanga 2015) uye zviwanikwa (zvinopfuura zviviri trillion madhora).
Kunyangwe kupfuura Vietnamese, iko kunetsana uko hakuna mumwe muWashington anotambudza kupa chero zano rekuronga. Zvakanakisa izvo Purezidhendi Obama aigona kuuya nezvake mune rake Chikunguru 6 chirevo paAfghanistan, yaive "Ndinotenda nemasimba kuti iri murunyararo rwekuchengetedza nyika - kunyanya mushure meropa rese nepfuma yatakachengeta muAfghanistan makore apfuura - kuti tinopa vatinoshanda navo muAfghan mukana wakanaka kwazvo wokubudirira."
Pfungwa imwecheteyo ndiyo inoita kuti vanobhejera vadzokere kumakanheru aSheldon Adelson gore gore rimwe nerimwe kurasikirwa nemari yakawanda.
'Zvakashata' kana kuti Unwinnable?
MuVietnam, United States haina kukwanisa kukunda nemauto anopfuura hafu yemiriyoni. MuAfghanistan, United States haina kukwanisa kurova Taliban nemauto e100,000. VaObama havafungi chaizvo kuti vanokunda nemauto e8,400 chete - kunyanya neTaliban ichiita gadziriro dzakasimba.
"Mamiriro ekuchengetedza anoramba achinetsa," akabvuma. “Kunyangwe zvavanovandudza, maAfghan mauto ekuchengetedza haasati ave akasimba sezvavanofanira kuva. Iyo Taliban inoramba iri tyisidziro. Vawana nzvimbo mune dzimwe nguva. "
Sezvo seVietnam, zvakadaro, mauto anoda chinzvimbo uye mauto ezvigaro zvehondo anonzwa achivimba kuti kukunda kunoda chiyero chakati chete. Kurira sokungofanana nehondo yeVietnam-era, Retirement Gen. David Petraeus naMichael O'Hanlon veBrookings - aimbove mutsigiri wekupinda muIraq - akapomera hurongwa hwekuita "mauto eU.S. nemubatanidzwa muAfghanistan kuti vashande neruoko rumwe kusungwa kumashure kwavo." Kuti vakunde muhondo, vakataura kuti, "Tinofanira kusunungura ndege yedu yekutsigira vamwe vedu veAfghan" . ”
MuIndochina, chokwadika, edu ese mabhomba akatsamwa, ayo akaburitswa Katatu kakabatwa yakadonha muHondo Yenyika yechipiri, kungomesa muvengi kuramba. Recent zvidzidzosimbisa kuti bhomba rakanga risingabatsiri uye rakadzingira vanhu mumaoko eViet Cong, sekungofanana nemabhomba eU.S., madroni nemahusiku ehusiku anovaka rutsigiro rweTaliban.
Mutungamiri Richard Nixon akazviziva panguva iyoyo, kunyangwe akasimbira pachena kuti bhomba reAmerica "raive rakanyanya kushanda". note kuna Henry Kissinger, chipangamazano wezvekudzivirirwa kwenyika, "Tave nemakore XXUMX ekutonga kwakazara kwemhepo muLaos neV.Nam. Mhedzisiro = Zilch. "Pane chakakanganisika nemaitiro kana mauto Emhepo."
Mabhomba makuru haakwanise kuita kusada kwemauto eSouth Vietnamese kuisa hupenyu hwavo mungozi kune vatungamiriri vane huori. SemuVietnam, iyo yakazozivikanwa se "Hondo yakasviba, ”Vakuru veAfghan vanodaro muhomwe makumi emabhirioni emadhora emadhora akavakirwa zvivakwa uye kuvaka institution. Ivo vanokurudzirawo kutengesa kwakapararira mu opium uye heroin, sezvinoita vaTaliban.
VaTaliban, zvisinei, vanoshandisa purofiti yavo kupa mari kushinha kwavo, pane siphoning yavo kuenda kuDubai, uko mhuri dzevanotungamira Afghan maofficial vanochengetedza mafuta bank account uye zororo rakanaka.
Mazhinji emauto eAfghanistan ane "Ghost" masoja nevakuru vakuru, vanokwevera kubhadhara kunopfumisa vatungamiriri vemauto vane uori. Mune mamwe matunhu, angango hafu yemapurisa ese vari vashandi vemweya zvakare.
Zvichakadaro, mauto chaiwo akabatikana kutengesa makumi ezviuru emauto eUS kuna Taliban. Vamwe vanopisa zvombo zvavo pasina chero ani zvake kuti vatengese mhangura mhangura macings pamusika mutema.
Pakistani Bases
Masimba eTaliban akakurudzirwa akanyanya kuoma kurova nekuti vanozorodzwa uye kudzoserwa kubva kuzasi muPakistan, uko kunogara vatungamiriri vavo. Chimwe chezvidzidzo zvakakosha zveHondo yeVietnam yaive pedyo nekukwanisa kukunda kukunda kwakatemwa kunofadza nzvimbo dzinovakidzana.
MuVietnam, zvirinani, vatungamiriri veUS vakatevera kutaurirana nemuvengi kupedza gakava iri. MuAfghanistan, hapana munhu akagara patafura rerunyararo, uye iyo US drone inorova izvo akauraya mutungamiri weTaliban Akhtar Mohammad Mansour muna Chivabvu pakanga pasina kukokwa kunogamuchira kubva kuWashington.
Pakisitani mhosva Afghanistan yekutadza kwemaitiro erunyararo kuenda chero kupi. Mutauriri wehurumende yePakistan akataura kuti "kusavapo kwechibvumirano chenyika kutsigira chirongwa chekuyananisa," pamwe ne "chiri kuramba chichiwedzera kuchengetedzeka, huwori nezvimwe zvinetswa zvekutonga."
VaTaliban nevamwe vavo vasingadi kubvumirana vane mhosva zvakare. MunaJune, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, mutungamiri weboka rimwe chete revaIsilist, akadaro kuti hurumende yeKabul itumire mauto ese ekunze kumba uye anozvibvisa. Chishamiso ndechekuti iye aive America (nePakistan) yepakati pakubata pamwe neveSoviet Union, kunyangwe (kana nekuda kwe) mukurumbira wake weutsinye hwezvipoko uye hutungamiri hwekutengesa zvinodhaka kweAfghanistan. Zvakawanda kwazvo kune vanovonga vabatiri.
Saka nei Obama asingangobuda? Izvo zvakashanda muVietnam, iyo Washington nhasi iri kufambidzana semubatsiri. Asi kufanana nevakuru vazhinji veMakurukota nhasi, Vatungamiriri vanofunga zvakanyanya nezveramangwana kwete nezvezvakabuda kare mushure mekubva muhofisi.
Zvekare, Vietnam inodzidzisa. Mutungamiri Lyndon Johnson vakanzwa yambiro zhinji kuti hondo yaisabatika, asi ndokurangarira zvakanyanya kuti maRepublican akasvinudza sei hutongi hweTruman mushure me "kuwa" kweChina. Seizvo LBJ yakaudza Mumiriri weHenry Carot Lodge nguva yapfuura 1963, "Ini handisi kuzorasikirwa neVietnam. "Ini handisi kuzova Mutungamiriri akaona Southeast Asia ichienda nenzira yekuChina"
Saizvozvo, Mutungamiri Nixon - uyo akavaka basa rake muCongress nekuridza kadhi-yemakomuniki kadhi muchivakwa - akati haazove "Mutungamiri wekutanga weUnited States kurasikirwa nehondo."
President Obama vanoziva zvizere kuti Republican kurwisa muchamutsigira iye nevamwe Democrats kana iye "akarasikirwa" Afghanistan kana Iraq, kunyangwe neruzhinji rwisano pamusoro pehondo mbiri idzi. Saka chisarudzo chake chakaverengeka chekuramba achirwa, pamutengo wakaderera uye pasina tariro yechokwadi yekukunda, zvinoita pfungwa dzezvematongerwo enyika.
Asi yake mutemo zvakare ndeye kutya uye kuita unzenza. Mutungamiri wenyika, VaObama - nemunyori wavo wezvematongerwo enyika - vanofanirwa kuyeuka humbowo hweaimbova mauto weNavy Lt. John Kerry pamberi pekomiti yedare reSenate yekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika mu1971.
Kutaura mhiko yeMutungamiri Nixon yekusave mutungamiri wekutanga "kurasikirwa nehondo," Kerry akabvunza, "Unobvunza sei murume kuti ave murume wekupedzisira kufira muVietnam?" "Unobvunza sei murume kuti ave murume wekupedzisira kufira chikanganiso?"
