Hurumende Dzvokudzvinyirira Dzinotsigirwa neHurumende yeUS

Excerpted kubva 20 Madzvinyiriri Parizvino Anotsigirwa neUS naDavid Swanson, Kurume 19, 2020

Mutongi mudzvanyiriri munhu mumwechete ane simba rakanyanyisa pamusoro pehurumende zvekuti vamwe vanhu vanozviti “isimba chose.” Kune madhigirii eudzvanyiriri, kana - kana iwe uchida - vanhu avo vari vamwe vadzvanyiriri kana vamwe vadzvanyiriri. Hurumende dzinodzvinyirira dzinorambidza rusununguko, dzichiramba kutora chikamu, uye dzichishandisa zvisirizvo kodzero dzevanhu dzinowirirana zvakanyanya, asi kwete zvachose, nehutongi hwehudzvanyiriri. Nekuti kune zvakawanda zvidzidzo uye chinhanho chehurumende dzinodzvinyirira kupfuura zvehudzvanyiriri, uye nekuti dambudziko kudzvinyirira, kwete kuti ndiani anozviita, ndichatarisa kwechinguva pane mamwe mazita ehurumende dzinodzvinyirira, ndisati ndatendeukira kuchinyorwa che vadzvanyiriri vanomhanyisa vazhinji vavo.

Muna 2017, Rich Whitney akanyora chinyorwa cheChokwadiout.org chakadanwa "US Inopa rubatsiro rwemauto kune makumi manomwe neshanu muzana ehunyanzvi hwenyika."

Whitney aishandisa izwi rekuti “hudzvanyiriri” sekufungidzira kwakaipa kwe "hurumende dzinodzvinyirira." Kwake kwaibva runyorwa rweanodzvinyirira hurumende dzenyika yaive Freedom House. Iye nemaune akasarudza iri US-based uye US-hurumende-yakabhadharwa sangano kunyangwe iri pachena US-hurumende tsvete mune dzimwe sarudzo dzayo. Freedom House yave iri kushoropodzwa kwazvo, kwete kungopihwa mari nehurumende imwe chete (pamwe nemari kubva kuhurumende shomana dzakabatana) ichigadzira masosi ehurumende, uye kwete kungozvidza kutsoropodza vavengi vakasarudzwa neUS uye nekutsigira vanobatana neUS, asiwo nekutora US mari yekuita zviitiko zvekuvanda muIran uye kutsigira musarudzo akasarudzwa muUkraine. Izvi zvese zvikonzero zvakanaka zvekutarisa runyorwa rweFreedom House yemarudzi ayo aanoti "haana mahara." Izvi ndezve zvingangoita semaonero ehurumende yeUnited States kune dzimwe nyika, kunyangwe zvichisanganisira kudzora kwakanyanya kwemaonero eUnited States epamba. Rondedzero kubva kuFreedom House inogona kuwedzerwa, uye iri pazasi, neUS State department pachezvayo tsananguro yekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu dzenyika imwe neimwe.

Imba yerusununguko inounganidza marudzi se "vakasununguka," "pamwe vakasununguka," uye "kwete vakasununguka." Aya masosi anofungidzirwa kunge akavakirwa parusununguko rwevanhu uye kodzero dzezvematongerwo enyika mukati medzimwe nyika, pamwe pasina kufunga nezvekukanganisa kwenyika kune nyika yese. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, nyika inogona kunge ichiparadzira rusununguko pasirese uye kuwana zvibodzwa zvakaderera, kana kunge ichiparadzira kudzvanyirira pasi rese uye kuwana zvibodzwa zvakanyanya, zvichibva pamitemo yayo yepamba.

Freedom House haina, zvisinei, ino ganhurira kune ivo vehudzvanyiriri. Zvimwe zve zvinhu zvarinofunga inosanganisira kuve nesimba uye simba remutungamiriri wenyika, asi kana hurumende yakadzorwa zvizere nedare hombe ichidzvinyirira veruzhinji, saka hurumende iyoyo inofanirwa kunzi "Haina Kusununguka" neFreedom House kunyangwe isiri yekudzvanyirira mupfungwa yekutongwa. nemunhu mumwe chete.

Freedom House inoona nyika dzinotevera makumi mashanu (kutora kubva kuRusununguko House runyorwa nyika chete kwete nzvimbo) kuva "vasina kusununguka": Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Brunei, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), Republic of Congo (Brazzaville), Cuba, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Laos, Libya, Mauritania, Nicaragua, North Korea, Oman, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen.

Hurumende yeUS inobvumidza, kuronga, kana mune dzimwe nguva kutopa mari, US zvombo zvekutengesa kune makumi mana neimwe yenyika idzi. Ndiyo 41 muzana. Kugadzira uyu mufananidzo, ndakatarisa kuUS zvombo zvekutengesa pakati pa82 na2010 sezvakanyorwa neimwe Stockholm International Runyararo Tsvagisheni Sisitimu Arms Yekutengesa Dhatabhesi, kana nemauto eUS mune gwaro rakanyorwa "Mauto Ekunze Ekutengesa, Kwekunze Mauto Kuvaka Kutengesa Uye Humwe Kuchengetedzwa Kubatana Nhoroondo Dzechokwadi: Kubva munaGunyana 30, 2017." Heano ma41: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), Republic of Congo (Brazzaville), Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini (yaimbova Swaziland), Ethiopia, Gabon, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Libya, Mauritania, Nicaragua, Oman, Qatar, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Siriya, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen.

Rangarira, urwu runyorwa rwenyika idzo sangano rakapihwa mari nehurumende yeUS rinoratidza "kwete mahara" asi iyo iyo United States iri kuendesa zvombo zvinouraya. Uye iyi i82% yenyika "dzisingasununguke", idzo dzinotaridzika kunge nyaya ye "maapuro akaipa" mashoma. Pane zvinopesana, zvinoita kunge inowirirana mutemo. Mumwe anonyanya kuda kutsvaga tsananguro yekuti nei 82% isiri 100% pane nei isiri 0%. Naizvozvo, dzenyika pfumbamwe "dzisina kusununguka" idzo United States dzisiri kutumira zvombo, mazhinji acho (Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Russia, neVenezuela) ndidzo nyika dzinowanzo sarudzwa sevavengi nehurumende yeUS, yakapihwa. sekupembedzwa kwebhajeti inowedzera nePentagon, yakashatiswa nhepfenyuro yeUS, uye yakanangwa nezvisungo zvakakosha (uye mune dzimwe nguva kuyedza kubvuta nekutyisidzira kwehondo). Chinzvimbo chenyika idzi sevavengi vakasarudzika zvakare, mukuona kwevamwe vatsoropodzi veFreedom House, zvine chekuita nekuti vamwe vavo vakapinda sei pazita re "vasina kusununguka" kwete "nyika dzakasununguka".

Kunze kwekutengesa nekupa zvombo kune hurumende dzinodzvinyirira, hurumende yeUSA inogoverawo navo tekinoroji yezvombo zvemhando yepamusoro. Izvi zvinosanganisira yakanyanyisa mienzaniso seCIA ichipa yenyukireya mabhomba zvirongwa Iran, iyo Utongi hwaTrump kutsvaga kutsvaga kugoverana hunyanzvi hwe nyukiliya ne Saudhi Arabhiya, nemauto eUS achishandisa zvombo zvenyukireya muTurkey kunyangwe Turkey ichirwira varwi vanotsigirwa neUS muSyria uye inotyisidzira kuvhara mabheseni eNATO, pamwe nekuparadzira Drone tekinoroji kumativi ose enyika.

Zvino, ngatitorei runyorwa rwe50 hurumende dzinodzvinyirira uye titarise kuti ndeapi hurumende yeUnited States inodzidzisa zvechiuto. Kune akasiyana mazinga erutsigiro rwakadai, kubva pakudzidzisa kosi imwechete yevadzidzi vana kusvika pakupa akawanda makosi ezviuru zvevadzidzi. United States inopa zvechiuto kudzidziswa zveimwe mhando kana imwe kune makumi mana kubva makumi mashanu, kana 44 muzana. Ini ndinoisa izvi pakutsvaga kwakadai kurovedzwa kwakanyorwa mune chero 50 kana 88 mune imwe kana ese ari maviri masosi aya: The US State department's Kunze Kwemauto Kudzidzira Chirevo: Makore Amakore 2017 na 2018: Joint Ripoti kuCongress Vhorumu I uye II, uye United States Agency for International Development (USAID) DRM Budget Kurudziro: YEMAHARA ASSista: SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES: Fiscal Year 2018. Heano ma44: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Brunei, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), Republic of Congo (Brazzaville), Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini (yaimbova Swaziland), Ethiopia, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Laos, Libya, Mauritania, Nicaragua, Oman, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Sudan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen.

Zvekare zvakare, urwu runyorwa haruratidzike senge mashoma mashoma manhamba, asi zvakanyanya senge yakasimbiswa mutemo. Iwo mashoma mashoma kunze zvakare anosanganisira Cuba neNorth Korea nezvikonzero zviri pachena. Chikonzero ivo vanosanganisira Siria mune iyi kesi uye kwete mune yekutengesa zvombo ndeyemazuva andakadzora kutsvaga uku. United States yakabva mukubata zvombo nekushanda pamwe nehurumende yeSyria kuenda kuyedza kuiparadza (nekurwisa nekushanda pamwe nevapanduki muSyria kwete nehurumende).

Ini ndinofungidzira kuti vazhinji muUnited States vaisaziva kuti muna 2019, makore mazhinji aya munaGunyana 11, 2001, mauto eU.S. aidzidzisa varwi veSaudi kubhururuka nendege muFlorida kusvikira mumwe wavo agadzira nhau nokupfura chikoro.

Uye zvakare, iyo nhoroondo yeUS-yakapa mauto kudzidziswa kuvarwi vekunze, kuburikidza nezvivakwa senge Chikoro cheAmericas (yakapihwa zita rekuti Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation) inopa maitiro akasimbiswa kwete ekutsigira chete hurumende dzinodzvinyirira, asi yekubatsira kuvaunza kuburikidza coups.

Iye zvino ngatitorei kumhanya kumwe kuburikidza nerunyorwa rwe50 hurumende dzinodzvinyirira, nekuti pamusoro pekutengesa (kana kuvapa) zvombo nekuvadzidzisa, hurumende yeUS inopawo mari yakanangana nemauto ekunze. Pamahurumende anodzvanyirira makumi mashanu, seakanyorwa neFreedom House, makumi matatu nembiri vanogamuchira "mari yekumauto ekunze" kana imwe mari yezvechiuto kubva kuhurumende yeUS, ne - zvakachengeteka chaizvo kutaura - hasha shoma mumidhiya yeUS kana kubva kune vanobhadhara mutero weUS kupfuura tinonzwa pamusoro pekupa chikafu kune vanhu vari muUnited States vane nzara. Ini ndinoteedzera runyorwa urwu kuUnited States Agency for International Development (USAID) 's DRM Budget Kurudziro: YEMAHARA ASSista: SUMMARY MABHUKU: Mwaka wegore 2017, uye DRM Budget Kurudziro: YEMAHARA ASSista: SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES: Fiscal Year 2018. Heano makumi matatu nematatu: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Cambodia, Central African Republic, China, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini (yaimbova Swaziland), Ethiopia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Laos , Libya, Mauritania, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Siriya, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen.

Kunze kwehurumende makumi mashanu dzinodzvinyirira, United States nevemauto inotsigira mune imwe chete yenzira nhatu dzakurukurwa pamusoro pe50 yavo kana 48 muzana, vese asi vavengi vadiki vakasarudzwa veCuba neNorth Korea. Nevamwe vavo, mauto eU.S. anoenderera mberi kupfuura zvatange takurukura muhukama hwayo uye rutsigiro rwevadzvinyiriri ava. Munyika idzi, United States zvigadziko huwandu hwakakosha hwemauto ayo (kureva anopfuura zana): Afghanistan, Bahrain, Cuba *, Egypt, Iraq, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, uye United Arab Emirates. Nehunyanzvi Cuba iri mune urwu runyorwa, asi iri imwe nyaya kubva kune vamwe. United States inochengeta mauto muCuba vachishora kupikiswa kweCuba uye vakasarudza kusatsigira hurumende yeCuba. Ehezve, Iraq ikozvino yakumbira mauto eUS kuti aende, achiiisa munzvimbo padhuze neCuba.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kubatanidzwa kwemauto kunoenderera mberi. Mauto eUS ari kurwa hondo yakabatana neSaudi Arabia vachirwisa vanhu veYemen, uye vachirwa hondo muIraq neAfghanistan vachitsigira hurumende dzinodzvinyirira (sekutsanangurwa neFreedom House uye neDhipatimendi reHurumende reUS) idzo dzakagadzirwa neUS-inotungamirwa hondo. Hurumende dzakagadzirwa nebasa rekunze dzinodzvinyirira uye huori uye dzinowanzove nechido chekuchengetedza hondo kuenda kuitira kuchengetedza maoko nemadhora nemauto achiyerera nzira yavo kubva kuUnited States. Asi, hurumende yeIraq yakumbira mauto eUS kuti abude, uye nhaurirano dzechibvumirano cherunyararo muAfghanistan chiri kuramba chichiitika.

Panguva imwecheteyo, United States inogadza kurambidzwa kwaTrump kweMuslim, kurambidza kufamba kubva kumarudzi mazhinji akaunganidzwa neUnited States, kusanganisira Eritrea, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Siria, neYemen. Mumwe haangade chero vanhu vane zvombo zvine njodzi kufamba.

Kumwe kunobva kune rondedzero yeudzvanyiriri ndeye CIA-yakapihwa mari Zvematongerwo Enyika Kusimba Boka. Kubva muna2018, iri boka rakaratidza nyika makumi maviri neshanu sevamiriri vehurumende, makumi maviri nemasere semasangano akavharwa (anocracies ari masanganiswa ehutongi nedemokrasi), uye mamwe ese semasangano akasununguka, mademokrasi, kana matemokrasi akazara. Ma 21 autocracies ndeaya: Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, China, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, North Korea, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Eswatini (yaimbova Swaziland), Syria, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam. Izvi zvinowedzera Bangladesh neKuwait kune rondedzero yenyika dzatiri kutarisa. Mauto eUS anotsigira iwo maviri uye nevamwe vese vakanyorwa pano, kunze kweNorth Korea.

Saka tiri kutarisa runyorwa rwe50 dzinodzvinyirira hurumende. Ndiro rondedzero chaiyo? Pane mamwe marudzi anofanira kubviswa uye mamwe kuwedzerwa? Uye ndeapi masimba ehudzvanyiriri, uye vadzvanyiriri ndivanaani?

Enderera mukati 20 Madzvinyiriri Parizvino Anotsigirwa neUS