Ndi Norman Solomon, World BEYOND War, August 1, 2023
Mu 1980, pamene ndinapempha ofesi ya atolankhani ku Dipatimenti Yoona za Mphamvu ya ku United States kuti anditumizire ndandanda ya kuphulika kwa mabomba a nyukiliya, bungwelo linanditumizira kabuku ka boma kamutu wakuti “Analengeza Mayeso a Nyukiliya ku United States, July 1945 Kufikira December 1979.” Monga momwe mungayembekezere, kuyesa kwa Utatu ku New Mexico kunali pamwamba pamndandanda. Wachiwiri pamndandandawo anali Hiroshima. Wachitatu anali Nagasaki.
Chifukwa chake, patatha zaka 35 kuphulitsidwa kwa bomba la atomiki m'mizinda yaku Japan mu Ogasiti 1945, dipatimenti ya Mphamvu - bungwe loyang'anira zida za nyukiliya - lidawayika ngati "mayeso."
Pambuyo pake, gululo linasintha, mwachiwonekere pofuna kuthetsa vuto la PR. Pofika 1994, a mtundu watsopano m’chikalata chomwecho anafotokoza kuti kuphulitsidwa kwa mabomba ku Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki “sinali ‘mayesero’ m’lingaliro lakuti anachitidwa pofuna kutsimikizira kuti chidacho chikagwira ntchito monga momwe anapangidwira . . . kapena kupititsa patsogolo kupanga zida, kudziwa zomwe zidachitika, kapena kutsimikizira chitetezo cha zida."
Koma kuphulika kwa bomba la atomiki ku Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki kwenikweni anali mayesero, m'njira zambiri kuposa imodzi.
Tengani izo kuchokera kwa mkulu wa Manhattan Project, Gen. Leslie Groves, yemwe adakumbukira: “Kuti tithe kudziŵa bwino lomwe zotsatira za bombalo, mipherezeroyo sinayenera kuonongeka m’mbuyomo ndi kuwukira kwa ndege. Zinalinso zofunika kuti cholinga choyamba chikhale chachikulu kotero kuti kuwonongeka kudzakhala mkati mwake, kuti tithe kudziwa mphamvu ya bomba. "
Katswiri wa sayansi ya Manhattan Project, David H. Frisch, kukumbukira kuti akatswiri ankhondo a ku United States anali ofunitsitsa “kugwiritsira ntchito bomba choyamba pamene zotsatira zake sizingakhale zothandiza pazandale komanso zopimidwa mwaluso.”
Kuti mumve bwino, pambuyo pake Utatu kuyesa bomba m'chipululu cha New Mexico adagwiritsa ntchito plutonium monga gwero lake pa July 16, 1945, kumayambiriro kwa August asilikali adatha kuyesa bomba lopangidwa ndi uranium ku Hiroshima ndi bomba lachiwiri la plutonium ku Nagasaki kuti adziwe zotsatira zake pa mizinda ikuluikulu.
Kukambitsirana pagulu za nthawi ya zida za nyukiliya kudayamba pomwe Purezidenti Harry Truman adanenanso kuti analengeza kuphulitsidwa kwa bomba la atomiki ku Hiroshima - komwe adangofotokoza ngati "malo ofunikira ankhondo aku Japan." Linali bodza lamkunkhuniza. Wofufuza wamkulu wa kuphulika kwa mabomba a atomiki ku Japan, mtolankhani Greg Mitchell, watero anafotokoza: “Hiroshima sunali ‘malo ankhondo’ koma mzinda wa anthu 350,000. Inali ndi likulu lankhondo lofunika kwambiri, koma bomba linali lolunjika pakatikati pa mzinda - komanso kutali ndi malo ake ogulitsa mafakitale. "
Mitchell anawonjezera kuti: “Mwina asilikali 10,000 anataya miyoyo yawo m’bombalo koma unyinji wa anthu 125,000 amene anafa mu Hiroshima akanakhala akazi ndi ana.” Patatha masiku atatu, bomba la atomiki litagwa pa Nagasaki, “malo ankhondo a pamadziwo ananenedwa kuti ndi ‘malo ankhondo’ koma osakwana 200 mwa 90,000 amene anafawo anali asilikali.”
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, apurezidenti akhala akupereka malingaliro obisalira mfundo zosasamala za nyukiliya, ndikuwongolera zoopsa zapadziko lonse lapansi. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mabodza achinyengo kwambiri ochokera kwa atsogoleri ku Washington abwera mwakachetechete - kukana kuvomereza, osasiya kulankhulana ndi zokambirana zenizeni, kuopsa kwa nkhondo yanyukiliya. Zoopsazo zakankhira manja a Doomsday Clock kuchokera mu Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists kupita ku masekondi 90 okha omwe anali asanakhalepo ndi kale lonse mpaka pakati pa usiku watsoka.
Kuukira kwankhanza kwa Russia ku Ukraine mu February 2022 kunakulitsa mwayi wankhondo yanyukiliya. Kuyankha kwa Purezidenti Biden kunali kunamizira mwanjira ina, kuyambira ndi adilesi yake ya State of the Union yomwe idabwera patangopita masiku ochepa kuwukiridwa; mawu aataliwo sanaphatikizepo mawu amodzi onena za zida za nyukiliya, kuopsa kwa nkhondo ya nyukiliya kapena nkhawa ina iliyonse.
Masiku ano, m'magulu ena apamwamba ku Russia ndi United States, nkhani zanthawi zonse zogwiritsa ntchito zida zanyukiliya "zanzeru" zawonjezera misala. Kuwerenga kungakhale kodabwitsa ndemanga zopanda udindo kuchokera kwa akuluakulu aku Russia ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito zida zanyukiliya pankhondo ya Ukraine. Titha kuiwala kuti akupereka mawu ku chiphunzitso chaukadaulo cha Russia chomwe chili chofanana ndi Chiphunzitso cha Strategic cha US chopitilira - mosakayikira kukhalabe ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya poyamba ngati kutaya malo ochulukirapo pankhondo yankhondo.
Daniel Ellsberg analemba chakumapeto kwa buku lake lofunika kwambiri Makina Ogulitsa: "Zomwe zikusoweka - zomwe zadziwikiratu - pazokambirana ndi kuwunika kwanthawi yayitali kapena ndondomeko zanyukiliya zamakono ndikuzindikira kuti zomwe zikukambidwa ndi zamisala komanso zachiwerewere: pakuwononga kwake kosawerengeka komanso kosatheka komanso kupha mwadala, kusagwirizana kwake. Zowonongeka ndi zokonzekera zowononga zomwe zalengezedwa kapena zosavomerezeka, kulephera kwa zolinga zake mwachinsinsi (kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa United States ndi ogwirizana, "kupambana" pankhondo ya nyukiliya ya mbali ziwiri), upandu wake (mpaka kuphulika masomphenya wamba. lamulo, chilungamo, upandu), kupanda kwake nzeru kapena chifundo, kuchimwa kwake ndi kuipa kwake.”
Dan adapereka bukulo "kwa iwo omwe akuvutikira tsogolo laumunthu."
Uthenga wofananawo unachokera kwa Albert Einstein mu 1947 pamene iye analemba ponena za “kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu ya atomiki,” kuchenjeza motsutsana ndi “lingaliro lachikale la utundu wopapatiza” ndi kulengeza kuti: “Pakuti palibe chinsinsi, ndipo palibe chotetezera; palibe kuthekera kolamulira koma kupyolera mwa kuzindikira kodzutsidwa ndi kuumirira kwa anthu a padziko lapansi.”
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Norman Solomon ndi director of RootsAction.org komanso director wamkulu wa Institute for Public Accuracy. Iye ndi mlembi wa mabuku khumi ndi awiri kuphatikizapo Nkhondo Yosavuta. Buku lake laposachedwa, Nkhondo Idapangidwa Kuti Isawonekere: Momwe America Imabisira Chiwopsezo cha Anthu Pamakina Ake Ankhondo, idasindikizidwa mu June 2023 ndi The New Press.
