Inasindikizidwa mu nkhani ya Winter 2001 / 2002 ya YES! Magazini

Ngati mukudziwa ngakhale mbiri yakale monga ine ndikuchitira, nkovuta kukayikira kuti mphamvu yamakono yothetsera vutoli ndi njira yothetsera vuto lililonse kupatulapo kubwezera-"chilungamo" chosinthanitsa ndi chiwonongeko cha wina.

Okhulupirira za nkhondo adzaumirira kuti nkhondo imayankha vuto la chitetezo cha dziko lonse. Koma wokayikira, poyankha, adzafunsa kuti ngakhale mtengo wapambana wa chitetezo cha dziko - mtengo, chuma, zakuthupi, zakudya, thanzi, ndi (mosasamala), zingatheke kuwononga dziko lonse. Chitetezo cha dziko lonse kupyolera mu nkhondo nthawi zonse chimaphatikizapo kugonjetsedwa kwadziko. Chododometsa ichi chakhala ndi ife kuyambira pachiyambi cha Republic. Nkhondo pofuna kuteteza ufulu imachepetsa ufulu wa otsutsa. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa nkhondo ndi ufulu.

Mu nkhondo yamakono, akumenyana ndi zida zamakono ndi zamakono, palibe mbali yomwe ingathetse "mdani" kuwonongeka komwe kumachita. Nkhondo izi zimawononga dziko lapansi. Ife tikudziwa mokwanira pakali pano kuti tidziwe kuti simungathe kuwononga gawo la dziko popanda kuwononga zonsezo. Nkhondo yamasiku ano siinangopangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupha "omenyana" popanda kupha "osagonjetsa," zachititsa kuti izi zisawononge mdani wanu popanda kudziwononga nokha.

Ambiri amalingalira kuti zosavomerezeka zomwe zikuwonjezeka za nkhondo zamakono zikuwonetsedwa ndi chinenero cha mabodza omwe amachitikirapo. Nkhondo zamakono zakhala zikulimbana kuti zithetse nkhondo; iwo amenyedwa mu dzina la mtendere. Zida zathu zowopsa kwambiri zapangidwa, mosakayikira, kuteteza ndi kutsimikizira mtendere wa dziko lapansi. "Zonse zomwe timafuna ndi mtendere," tikutero pamene tikukula mosalekeza mphamvu yathu yopanga nkhondo.

Koma kumapeto kwa zaka zana zomwe tamenyana nayo nkhondo ziwiri kuti tithetse nkhondo komanso ena ambiri kuti tipewe nkhondo ndi kusunga mtendere, ndipo momwe sayansi ndi zamakono zakhala zikulimbitsa nkhondo zowopsya komanso zosasintha, musaganizire njira zopanda chitetezo za chitetezo cha dziko. Ife timayambitsadi zokambirana zambiri ndi mgwirizano, koma ndi diplomatikano timatanthawuza kuti nthawi zonse mtendere umachokera ku mantha. Nthawi zonse timamvetsetsa kuti timakhala okonzeka kupha anthu omwe timakambirana nawo mwamtendere.

Nkhondo yathu yamakono, nkhondo, ndi mantha a ndale zachititsa kuti anthu ambiri akhale ndi mtendere weniweni, omwe Mohandas Gandhi ndi Martin Luther King, Jr., ndizo zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri. Kupambana kwakukulu kumene iwo akukwaniritsa kumatsimikizira kukhalapo, pakati pa chiwawa, cha chikhumbo chotsimikizika ndi champhamvu cha mtendere ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, chotsimikiziridwa chidzapanga zopereka zoyenera. Koma pokhapokha boma lathu likukhudzidwa, amuna awa komanso zazikulu ndi zovomerezeka zomwe akwanilitsa zingakhalepobe. Kuti tikwaniritse mtendere ndi njira zamtendere sitili cholinga chathu. Timamamatira ku chisokonezo chopanda chiyembekezo chopanga mtendere mwa kupanga nkhondo.

Chimene chidzati tigwiritsitse moyo wathu waumulungu ku chinyengo chamanyazi. M'zaka zathu zamakono za chiwawa cha anthu ndi anthu ena, komanso motsutsana ndi chikhalidwe chathu ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ambiri, chinyengo sichinapeweke chifukwa chotsutsana ndi chiwawa chasankha kapena chosangalatsa. Ena a ife omwe amavomereza bajeti yathu yaikulu ya nkhondo komanso nkhondo yathu yosunga mtendere nthawi zonse amadana ndi "nkhanza zapakhomo" ndikuganiza kuti dziko lathu lingakhale lolimbikitsidwa ndi "kuwombera mfuti." Enafe timatsutsa chilango chachikulu koma kuchotsa mimba. Ena aife timatsutsana ndi mimba koma chilango chachikulu.

Mmodzi sayenera kudziŵa zambiri kapena kuganiza patali kwambiri kuti azindikire kusayeruzika kwa makhalidwe komwe takhazikitsa mabungwe ogwirizana ndi chiwawa. Kuchotsa mimba-monga-kubadwa kwa chibadwidwe kumayesedwa ngati "kulondola," komwe kungadziteteze kokha mwa kukana ufulu wonse wa munthu wina, chomwe chiri nkhondo yoyamba kwambiri ya nkhondo. Chilango chachikulu chimatikakamiza ife tonse ku chiwerengero chomwecho cha nkhanza zapamwamba, pomwe chiwawa chimabwezeredwa ndi chiwawa china.

Zomwe zifukwa zosonyeza kuti izi sizikutsutsana ndizoonadi-zakhazikitsidwa ndi mbiri ya nkhanza, osati mbiri ya nkhondo-chiwawa chimabweretsa chiwawa. Zochita zachiwawa zomwe zimachitika mu "chilungamo" kapena kutsimikizira "ufulu" kapena kuteteza "mtendere" siziletsa chiwawa. Amakonzekera ndi kulungamitsa kupitiriza kwake.

Chikhulupiriro choopsa kwambiri cha magulu a chiwawa ndi lingaliro lakuti kuvomereza chiwawa kungalepheretse kapena kuthetsa chiwawa chosatsutsidwa. Koma ngati chiwawa chiri "cholungama" pokhapokha chitatsimikiziridwa ndi boma, nchifukwa ninji sichingakhalenso "cholungama" pa nthawi ina, monga momwe munthu wakhazikitsira? Kodi anthu omwe amavomereza kuti chilango chachikulu ndi nkhondo zimapangitsa bwanji kuti zifukwa zawo zisaperekedwe kupha ndi uchigawenga? Ngati boma likuzindikira kuti zifukwa zina ndizofunikira kuti ziwononge kuphedwa kwa ana, zingatheke bwanji kupeŵa matenda okhudzidwa ndi nzika zake-kapena kwa ana a nzika zake?

Ngati tipereka zolakwika zazing'ono za kukula kwa maiko akunja, timabweretsa, osakondweretsa, zolakwika zina zambiri. Zingakhale zopanda pake, poyamba pomwe, kusiyana ndi maganizo athu okwiyitsa amitundu ena chifukwa chopanga zida zomwe timapanga? Kusiyanasiyana, monga atsogoleri athu amanenera, ndikuti tidzatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida izi bwino, pamene adani athu adzawagwiritsa ntchito molakwika-malingaliro omwe amatsatiranso mofanana ndi malingaliro ochepa kwambiri: tidzawagwiritsira ntchito, pamene adani athu adzawagwiritsa ntchito mwawo.

Kapena tiyeneranso kunena kuti, nkhani ya ukoma mu nkhondo ndi yosamvetsetseka, yosamvetsetseka, komanso yovutitsa monga Abraham Lincoln anapeza kuti ndi nkhani yopempherera mu nkhondo: "[Kumpoto ndi Kumwera] amawerenga Baibulo lomwelo, ndi kupemphera kwa Mulungu yemweyo, ndipo aliyense amapempha thandizo lake motsutsana ndi mzake ... Mapemphero a onse awiri sankatha kuyankhidwa - omwe sangathe kuyankhidwa mokwanira. "

Nkhondo zaposachedwapa za ku America, pokhala "amitundu" ndi "zopereŵera," zakhala zikulimbana ndi lingaliro loti palibe chofunikira kuti munthu azidzipereka yekha. Mu "nkhondo" zakunja, sitimadziona mwachindunji kuwonongeka kumene timapereka kwa mdani. Timamva ndikuwona kuwonongeka kumeneku kumabuku, koma sitinakhudzidwe. Nkhondo zochepazi, "zachilendo" zimafuna kuti ena mwa achinyamata athu aphedwe kapena olumala, komanso kuti mabanja ena ayenera kukhumudwa, koma "osowa "wa akufalitsidwa kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe sitingathe kuwazindikira.

Apo ayi, sitimadzimverera tokha. Timapereka misonkho kuti tithandizire nkhondo, koma izi sizatsopano, chifukwa timalipiritsa misonkho pamtendere wa "mtendere." Sitikusowa, sitimapereka malipiro, sitimapirira malire. Timapindula, kubwereka, kuthera, ndikudya mu nthawi ya nkhondo monga nthawi yamtendere.

Ndipo ndithudi palibe zoperewera zomwe zimafunidwa pazinthu zazikulu zachuma zomwe tsopano zikupanga chuma chathu. Palibe bungwe lidzafunikila kugonjera kulikonse kapena kupereka nsembe ya dola. M'malo mwake, nkhondo ndi machiritso aakulu-onse ndi mwayi wa chuma chathu chachuma, chomwe chimawathandiza ndipo chimapambana pa nkhondo. Nkhondo inathetsa Kuvutika Kwakukulu kwa 1930s, ndipo takhalabe ndi chuma chachuma-chuma, chomwe chinganenere mwachiwawa, chiwawa-kuyambirapo, kupereka nsembe kwachuma chochuluka ndi zachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo, omwe ali ozunzidwa, alimi ndi magulu ogwira ntchito mafakitale.

Ndipo ndalama zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera nkhondo, koma ndalamazo zimakhala "kunja" monga "zotayika." Ndipo pano tikuwona momwe kupita patsogolo mu nkhondo, kupita patsogolo mu sayansi, ndi chitukuko mu chuma cha mafakitale ndi chimodzimodzi kwa wina ndi mnzake- kapena, nthawi zambiri, ali ofanana basi.

Anthu okonda zachikhalidwe, omwe amatanthawuza kuti olemba mapulogalamu a nkhondo, nthawi zonse amatanthauza kuyankhula kwawo poyera masamu kapena nkhani za nkhondo. Potero chifukwa cha kuzunzika kwake mu Nkhondo Yachikhalidwe, kumpoto kunanenedwa kukhala "kulipira" kumasulidwa kwa akapolo ndi kuteteza Union. Potero tingathe kunena za ufulu wathu monga "wogulidwa" ndi mwazi wa achibale. Ndimadziwa choonadi m'mawu oterowo. Ndikudziwa kuti ndine mmodzi mwa anthu ambiri amene apindula ndi zopweteka zopangidwa ndi anthu ena, ndipo sindifuna kukhala osayamika. Komanso, ndine wokondedwa wanga ndipo ndikudziwa kuti nthawi idzafika kwa aliyense wa ife pamene tikuyenera kupereka nsembe zowonjezereka chifukwa cha ufulu-chotsimikiziridwa ndi zotsatira za Gandhi ndi Mfumu.

Koma ndikudandaula za kachitidwe kameneka. Chifukwa chimodzi, izo zimangokhala zochitidwa ndi amoyo m'malo mwa akufa. Ndipo ndikuganiza kuti tiyenera kukhala osamala povomereza mosavuta, kapena kuyamikira kwambiri, nsembe zopangidwa ndi ena, makamaka ngati sitidzipanga tokha. Pachifukwa china, ngakhale atsogoleri athu mu nkhondo nthawi zonse amaganiza kuti pali mtengo wovomerezeka, palibe chikhalidwe chovomerezeka kale. Mtengo wovomerezeka, potsirizira pake, ndi chilichonse chimene chimaperekedwa.

Zili zosavuta kuwona kufanana pakati pa malipiro awa ndi mtengo wa nkhondo komanso kachitidwe kachitidwe ka "mtengo wa phindu." Ife tikuwoneka kuti tavomereza kuti chirichonse chomwe chiri (kapena chidzakhale) cholipidwa pa chomwe chimatchedwa patsogolo ndi chovomerezeka mtengo. Ngati mtengowu ukuphatikizapo kuchepa kwachinsinsi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chinsinsi cha boma, kotero zikhale choncho. Ngati zikutanthauza kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono komanso kuwonongeka kwa famu ya anthu, kotero zikhale choncho. Ngati zikutanthawuza kuwonongeka kwa madera onse ndi makampani owonjezera, kotero zikhale choncho. Ngati zikutanthawuza kuti anthu ochepa chabe ayenera kukhala ndi chuma chambiri mabiliyoni kuposa omwe ali osauka padziko lonse lapansi, zikhale choncho.

Koma tiyeni tikhale ndi chidwi chovomereza kuti zomwe timatcha "chuma" kapena "msika waufulu" ndi zochepa zosiyana ndi nkhondo. Kwa theka la zaka zapitazo, tinkadandaula za kugonjetsedwa kwa dziko lonse ndi chikomyunizimu. Tsopano tili ndi nkhaŵa zochepa (tikufika pano) tikuona kugonjetsedwa kwa dziko lonse ndi mayiko akuluakulu.

Ngakhale kuti njira zake zandale zili zovuta (mpaka pano) kusiyana ndi za chikomyunizimu, ukapolo wadziko lino watsopano ungathe kuwonongera kwambiri chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi midzi, ufulu, ndi chirengedwe. Chizoloŵezi chake chimangoganizira za kulamulira ndi kulamulira kwathunthu. Polimbana ndi kugonjetsedwa kumeneku, kuvomerezedwa ndi kupatsidwa chilolezo ndi mgwirizano watsopano wa malonda padziko lonse, palibe malo ndipo palibe dera lonse lapansi lomwe lingadziteteze ku mtundu wina wa zofunkha. Anthu ochuluka padziko lonse lapansi akuzindikira kuti izi ndi zoona, ndipo akunena kuti kugonjetsa dziko kulikonse ndikolakwika, nthawi.

Iwo akuchita zochuluka kuposa izo. Iwo akunena kuti kugonjetsa kwanuko kuli kolakwika, ndipo paliponse pamene zikuchitika anthu ammudzi akuphatikizana potsutsa. Ponseponse pa dziko langa la Kentucky, otsutsawa akukula-kuchokera kumadzulo, kumene anthu ogwidwa ukapolo a Land pakati pa Nyanja akuyesetsa kuti apulumutse dziko lawo kuchoka ku malo osokoneza bongo, kummawa, komwe anthu akumidzi akulimbanabe kuti asunge malo awo ku chiwonongeko ndi mabungwe omwe palibe.

Kukhala ndi chuma chomwe chiri nkhondo, chimenecho chimapambana kugonjetsa ndipo chimapha pafupifupi chirichonse chimene chimadalira, kusaganizira phindu la chilengedwe kapena cha anthu, ndizosamveka. Ndizomveka kwambiri kuti chuma ichi, chomwe chimakhala chimodzimodzi ndi mafakitale athu ndi mapulogalamu athu, ndi zina mwachindunji zomwe zimatsutsana ndi cholinga chathu choteteza dziko.

Zikuwoneka ngati zomveka, zokhazokha, kuganiza kuti pulogalamu yayikulu yokonzekera chitetezo cha dziko iyenera kukhazikitsidwa koyambirira pambali pazomwe boma limapanga payekha. Mtundu unatsimikiza kudzitetezera ndipo ufulu wake uyenera kukonzekera, ndikukonzekera nthawi zonse, kukhala ndi moyo kuchokera kuntchito zake komanso kuchokera kuntchito ndi luso la anthu ake. Koma izi si zomwe tikuchita ku United States lerolino. Zomwe tikuchita ndikuwononga njira zowonongeka zowonongeka ndi zachilengedwe za mtunduwo.

Pakalipano, poyesa kuchepa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, tilibe ndondomeko zothandizira mphamvu, kapena zosungiramo zowonongeka kapena zapadera. Pakalipano, ndondomeko yathu ya mphamvu ndi kungogwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe tiri nazo. Komanso, poyang'anizana ndi chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akufunika kudyetsedwa, tilibe cholinga chokonzekera nthaka komanso palibe chiwerengero cha malipiro omwe amapereka chakudya. Malingaliro athu akulima ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe tili nazo, pamene tikudalira kwambiri chakudya, mphamvu, luso lamakono, ndi ntchito.

Izi ndi zitsanzo ziwiri zokha za kusasamala kwathu pa zosowa zathu. Motero tikutsutsana kwambiri ndi zotsutsana ndi chikhalidwe chathu komanso chikhalidwe chathu cha "msika waufulu". Kodi timathawa bwanji kukhumudwa?

Sindikuganiza kuti pali yankho losavuta. Mwachiwonekere, tikhoza kukhala opanda nzeru ngati titasamalira bwino zinthu. Tidzakhala opanda nzeru ngati takhazikitsa ndondomeko zathu zapadera pofotokozera moona mtima zosowa zathu komanso mavuto athu, m'malo mofotokozera zozizwitsa zomwe tikufuna. Tidzakhala opanda nzeru ngati atsogoleli athu angaganizire moyenera njira zina zowonetsera zachiwawa.

Zinthu zoterezi n'zosavuta kunena, koma timayesetsa, mwinamwake mwa chikhalidwe ndi zina mwachirengedwe, kuthetsa mavuto athu ndi chiwawa, komanso ngakhale kusangalala kuchita zimenezo. Ndipo pakadali pano tonsefe tiyenera kudandaula kuti ufulu wathu wokhala ndi moyo, kukhala mfulu, ndi kukhala mwamtendere siwotsimikiziridwa ndi chiwawa chilichonse. Zitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi kukhumba kwathu kuti anthu ena onse akhale ndi moyo, akhale omasuka, ndipo akhale mwamtendere-ndi kufuna kwathu kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kupereka miyoyo yathu kuti izi zitheke. Kulephera kukhala ndi mtima wotere ndi kungodzipatulira kuzinthu zomwe tiri nazo; komabe, ngati inu muli ngati ine, simukudziwa momwe mungathe kukhalira.

Pano pali funso lina limene ndakhala ndikutsogolera, lomwe ndilo vuto la nkhondo zamakono zomwe zimatikhudza ife: Ndi imfa zingati za ana a anthu ena mwa kuphulika mabomba kapena njala ife tikufuna kuvomereza kuti tikhale omasuka, olemera, (amati) mu mtendere? Kuyankha funsoli ndikuyankha: Palibe. Chonde, mulibe ana. Musati muphe ana alionse kuti ndipindule nawo.

Ngati ndiyetu yankho lanu ndilo, muyenera kudziwa kuti sitidapumula, kutali ndi izo. Pakuti ndithudi tiyenera kudzimva tikumangika ndi mafunso omwe ali ofulumira, enieni, ndi owopseza. Koma mwinamwake timadzimva tokha tikuyamba kukhala omasuka, potsiriza tikukumana ndi zovuta kwambiri zomwe takumana nazo patsogolo pathu, masomphenya ozama kwambiri a kupita patsogolo kwa anthu, malangizo abwino, ndi osamvera:
"Kondanani nawo adani anu, adalitseni iwo akutemberera inu, chitirani zabwino iwo akuda inu, ndipo pemphererani iwo amene akuzunzani inu ndi kukuzunzani; Kuti mukhale ana a Atate wanu wakumwamba; pakuti Iye amapanga dzuwa lake pa oipa ndi abwino, natsitsa mvula pa olungama ndi osalungama. "

Wendell Berry, wolemba ndakatulo, filosofesa, ndi minda yosamalira zachilengedwe, ku Kentucky.