Kubwezedwa kuchokera Magazini ya MOON, June 26, 2017.
Chappell: Chiwawa chili ngati kutentha kwa moto; ndi chizindikiro cha kukhudzidwa kwakuya kwapansipansi. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi mkwiyo, womwe kwenikweni ndi mawu ofanana ndi chiwawa. Zinthu zimene zingachititse munthu kupsa mtima kapena kuchita zinthu mwaukali ndi monga mantha, manyazi, kusakhulupirika, kukhumudwa, kudziimba mlandu, kapena kudziona ngati wosalemekezedwa. Ukali nthawi zonse umayamba chifukwa cha ululu kapena kusapeza bwino. Anthu sakhala aukali chifukwa amamva bwino. Kuvulala kaŵirikaŵiri kumabweretsa chiwawa. Masiku ano, akuluakulu akhoza kukhala aukali chifukwa cha zimene zinachitika ali ndi zaka zisanu.
Kuwerenga mwamtendere kumaphatikizapo kuzindikira nkhanza ngati kuyankha pamavuto. Tikamaona munthu akuchita zinthu mwaukali, nthawi yomweyo timazindikira kuti “Munthu ameneyu ayenera kuti ali ndi zowawa zinazake.” Kenako timadzifunsa mafunso monga akuti, “N’chifukwa chiyani munthuyu akuvutika maganizo? “Kodi ndingatani kuti ndichepetse kukhumudwa kwawo?” Tili ndi chimango chothandiza kwambiri cholumikizirana ndi munthu.
Mofananamo, pamene I kukhala waukali, ndimaphunzitsidwa kudzifunsa kuti, “Kodi chikuchitika ndi chiyani? N’chifukwa chiyani ndikumva chonchi? Kodi pali chinachake chimene chikundichititsa manyazi, kusakhulupirirana, kapena kudzipatula?”
Popanda chilango ichi, anthu amangokhalira kukwiya. Iwo ali ndi tsiku loipa kuntchito kotero kuti amachotsa kwa wokondedwa wawo. Iwo amakangana ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi wawo, choncho amatengera munthu amene ali kumbuyo kwa kauntala. Koma ndi kudzizindikira tokha, tingadzikumbutse kuti tiyang’ane ku chimene chinayambitsa.
Maphunzirowa amapatsanso anthu njira zochepetsera nkhawa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutakangana ndi munthu wina mukhoza kuwathandiza. Pozindikira kuti mikangano yambiri ya anthu imayamba chifukwa cha anthu omwe amadziona kuti alibe ulemu, komanso kuti kusalemekezana kwakukulu kumadza chifukwa cha kusamvetsetsana kapena kusamvana, kupatsa wina phindu la kukayikira kumatanthauza kufunafuna kumveka bwino kwa cholinga chawo osati kulumphira kumaganizo kapena kuchitapo kanthu chifukwa cha kusadziwa.
Chida china chokhazikitsira mtima pansi ndicho kusalingalira mkhalidwewo. Mkangano uliwonse womwe mukukumana nawo ndi wina mwina ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la zomwe zikuchitika ndi iwo. Mutha kulola nonse kusiya mbedza pozindikira mfundo yosavuta imeneyi.
Njira yachitatu ndiyo kuthetsa mkangano kwakanthaŵi ndi malingaliro a makhalidwe amene mumayamikira mwa munthuyo. Kusemphana maganizo kungathe kusokoneza zinthu mosavuta, koma ngati mwaphunzitsa maganizo anu kuti muyambe kuyamika wina panthawi yomwe mkangano wayamba, zidzakuthandizani kusunga mkanganowo moyenera. Anthu adzawononga mabwenzi, maunansi akuntchito, mabanja ndi maunansi apamtima chifukwa cha mikangano yomwe imasokonekera. Patapita zaka, anthu sangakumbukire n’komwe zimene ankakangana. Monga luso lililonse, izi zimafuna kuchita.
Njira yachinayi ndikungodzikumbutsa kuti munthu winayo ayenera kukhala ndi vuto linalake kapena ululu. Ine mwina sindingathe kudziwa chomwe icho chiri; iwo mwina samadziwa nkomwe chomwe icho chiri; koma ngati ndingathe kuwapatsa mwayi wokayika, kuzindikira kuti ayenera kukhala ndi ululu, osadzitengera zochita zawo, ndikudzikumbutsa zinthu zonse zomwe ndimayamikira za iwo, sindingathe kubwezera mkwiyo wawo ndipo ine kudzakhala kothekera kutembenuza mkanganowo kukhala chotulukapo chabwino kwa tonsefe.
CHITSANZO: Gawo lachisanu la kuphunzira zamtendere likhoza kukhala lolakalaka kwambiri kuposa zonse: Kuwerenga muzochitika zenizeni. Kodi pali ngakhale mgwirizano uliwonse pa chikhalidwe cha zenizeni?
Chappell: Ndimalankhula za izi kuchokera mbali zingapo. Imodzi ndi yakuti anthu ndi osiyana pakati pa zamoyo ndi zamoyo zomwe ayenera kuphunzira kuti akhale anthu. Zolengedwa zina zambiri zimafunikira kuphunzira maluso osiyanasiyana kuti zipulumuke, koma palibe zamoyo zina zomwe zimafunikira kuphunzitsidwa mochuluka monga anthu kuti angokhala momwe tilili. Maphunziro angaphatikizepo zinthu monga alangizi, zitsanzo, chikhalidwe, ndi maphunziro apamwamba, koma timafunika kuphunzitsidwa kuti tikulitse luso lathu. Ichi ndi gawo la chikhalidwe chenicheni ngakhale munabadwira mu chikhalidwe chotani: anthu amafuna kuphunzitsidwa kuti athe kukwanitsa luso lawo.
M'gulu lankhondo pali mwambi woti, "Zinthu zikavuta, yesani maphunzirowo." Tikayang'ana maphunziro omwe anthu ambiri amalandira m'dera lathu, ndizodabwitsa kuti zinthu sizili choncho Zochepa amtendere kuposa iwo.
Kumvetsetsa mmene zinthu zilili zenizeni kumatithandiza kuti tigwirizane ndi zovuta: ubongo wa munthu ndi wovuta; mavuto a anthu ndi ovuta; njira zothetsera anthu n’kutheka kuti zimakhala zovuta kumvetsa. Ndiwo chikhalidwe chabe cha zenizeni. Sitikuyembekezera kuti zikhale zosiyana.
Mbali ina yowona ndi yakuti kupita patsogolo kulikonse kumafuna kulimbana. Ufulu wachibadwidwe, ufulu wa amayi, ufulu wa zinyama, ufulu wachibadwidwe, ufulu wa chilengedwe-kupita patsogolo kumatanthauza kuvomereza kulimbana. Komabe, anthu ambiri amayesa kupeŵa kulimbana. Amachiopa, kapena amasankha kuganiza kuti kupita patsogolo n’kosapeŵeka, kapena amakhulupirira bodza, monga ngati “nthawi imachiritsa mabala onse.” Nthawi sichiza mabala onse! Nthawi imatha kuchiritsa or matenda. Zomwe ife do m'kupita kwa nthawi zimatsimikizira ngati zimachiritsa. Pali anthu amene amakhala achifundo kwambiri akamapita nthawi, ndipo palinso ena amene amadana kwambiri.
Anthu ambiri safuna kugwira ntchito zomwe zimafunikira. Iwo angakonde kunena kuti, “Achinyamata adzayenera kuthetsa izo.” Koma wazaka 65 akhoza kukhala ndi moyo zaka zina 30; adzachita chiyani nthawi imeneyo? Kudikira Zakachikwi kuti zigwire ntchito yonse? Okalamba atha kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu popanga kusintha komwe dziko lathu likufunikira, ndipo ndikudziwa ambiri omwe amandilimbikitsa ndi ntchito yomwe akuchita.
Palibe chitsanzo cha kupita patsogolo kwakukulu, kupambana kwakukulu, kapena kupambana kwakukulu popanda kulimbana. Choncho olimbikitsa mtendere ayenera kuvomereza zenizeni kuti kulimbana ndi kosapeŵeka ngati tikufuna kupita patsogolo; ndipo akuyeneranso kuvomereza chowonadi kuti chidzafuna luso lomwe liyenera kupangidwa.
Ndikuganiza kuti ena omenyera mtendere amawopa kulimbana chifukwa alibe luso lofunikira kuti athane ndi vutoli, ndiye kuti, kulimbana kumatha kukhala kowopsa. Monga momwe simungafune kupita kunkhondo popanda maphunziro, simungafune kuchita nawo zamtendere popanda maphunziro. Koma maphunziro is lilipo.
CHITSANZO: M’mafunso athu apitawa, munatifunsa kuti “Tangoganizani ngati mbiri ya Amereka padziko lonse lapansi inali yongopereka chithandizo chothandiza; ngati, nthaŵi iriyonse pamene pachitika tsoka, Amereka amabwera, kudzathandiza, ndi kuchoka.” Kodi tili ndi mwayi woti tiyambe kulingalira za udindo umenewu wa asilikali?
Chappell: Ndikuganiza kuti njira zoganizira sizinasinthe mokwanira kuti tisinthe gulu lathu lankhondo kukhala gulu lothandizira anthu. Maganizo athu amayenera kusintha kaye. Padakali chikhulupiliro chochuluka pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zankhondo kuthetsa mavuto. Ndizomvetsa chisoni chifukwa anthu aku America - komanso anthu akumadera ena adziko lapansi, zikanakhala bwino tikathetsa nkhondo ndikuyika ndalamazo pazaumoyo, maphunziro, mphamvu zoyera, kumanganso zomangamanga, ndi mitundu yonse yamtendere. kafukufuku. Koma malingaliro apansipa sanasinthidwe mokwanira kuti awonebe.
Ngakhale opita patsogolo omwe amati amakhulupirira "munthu m'modzi," nthawi zambiri sangathe kuyankhula ndi wothandizira Trump popanda kukwiya. Kuwerenga zamtendere ndikumvetsetsa bwino kwambiri kuposa chikhulupiriro chodziwika kuti "tonse ndife amodzi." Kuwerenga mtendere kumakupatsani mwayi wolankhula ndi wina aliyense ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa kuvutika kwa anthu, zomwe zimatithandizira kuchiritsa zomwe zimayambitsa. Zimenezo zimafuna chifundo chachikulu. Njira yokhayo yomwe ndikudziwira kuti ndiyipeze ndikudutsa ntchito zambiri zaumwini. Pali anthu ambiri omwe amazindikira umunthu wathu womwe timagawana nawo pamlingo wozindikira, koma omwe sanauzindikire. Tiyenera kupatsa anthu chitsogozo chokhazikika ndi malangizo kuti asinthe. Apo ayi, zili ngati kuwerenga m’Baibulo mawu akuti “Konda mdani wako”. Mufunika luso ndi zoyeserera kuti muchite. Ndi chimene mtendere literacy.
CHITSANZO: Nanga bwanji ngati titakonzanso asilikali kuti aziphunzitsa mtendere?
Chappell: M'malo mwake, ndidaphunzira zambiri zamaluso anga ophunzirira mtendere ku West Point, zomwe zimakuwonetsani momwe maphunziro ophunzirira mtendere aliri oyipa m'dziko lathu. [Akuseka] Mwachitsanzo, West Point anandiphunzitsa kuti, “Yamikani pagulu, perekani chilango mwamseri.” Iwo ankadziwa kuti kunyoza munthu poyera n’kopanda phindu. Asilikali anaphunzitsanso kufunika kotsogolera anthu mwa chitsanzo ndi kutsogolera kuchokera pa maziko a ulemu.
CHITSANZO: Nanga bwanji "Gwirizanani ndi omaliza maphunziro"?
Chappell: [Akuseka] Inde, gwirizanani ndikumaliza maphunziro anu! Zimenezo zinali ngati mantra ya ku West Point: tonsefe tinali ndi mlandu wa chipambano cha anzathu a m’kalasi. Izi sizomwe mumamva m'masukulu ambiri aku America. "Timu imodzi, ndewu imodzi," inali inanso ya West Point. Pamapeto pake, ngakhale titasemphana maganizo, tonse ndife gulu limodzi.
CHITSANZO: Ndinadabwa ndi—koma woyamikira—mbali ziŵiri zomalizira za kuphunzira mtendere: kuŵerenga ndi kuŵerenga m’thayo lathu pa zinyama ndi ku chilengedwe. Kodi munganene zambiri za chifukwa chomwe izi zilili zofunika pakuwerenga zamtendere?
Chappell: Anthu amatha kuwononga biosphere ndi zamoyo zambiri padziko lapansi. Njira yokhayo yothanirana ndi mphamvu zazikuluzikuluzi ndi kukhala ndi udindo wofanana—umene uli mtundu wa luso lotha kulemba ndi kulemba. Nyama zilibe mphamvu zolimbana ndi anthu. Iwo sangakhoze kulinganiza mtundu uliwonse wa kupanduka kapena kukana; titha kuchita nawo chilichonse chomwe tikufuna. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti tili ndi thayo la makhalidwe abwino kwa iwo.
Zikhalidwe zambiri zimaweruza anthu ndi momwe amachitira ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri. Ana amasiye ndi akazi amasiye ndi nkhani yodziwika bwino mu Chipangano Chakale; akaidi ndi gulu lina losatetezeka lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa makhalidwe a anthu. Nyama ndi gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo kwambiri kuposa gulu lililonse. Kuwasamalira ndi mawonekedwe a mtendere Kuwerenga ndi kulemba chifukwa mphamvu zathu zowononga zimayikanso anthu pachiwopsezo. Apa ndipamene kuphunzira za mtendere kumakhala kuphunzira kupulumuka. Ngati tiwononga biosphere timayika moyo wathu pachiwopsezo. Anthu ayenera kukhala odziwa mtendere kuti akhale ndi moyo monga zamoyo.
