Kubwezedwa kuchokera Magazini ya MOON 6 / 26 / 2017.
Paul K. Chappell adabadwa mu 1980 ndipo adakulira ku Alabama, mwana wa amayi aku Korea komanso bambo wamitundu iwiri yemwe adagwirapo nkhondo yaku Korea ndi Vietnam. Posiya usilikali munthu wovutitsidwa kwambiri, Chappell wamkulu adazunza ndi kukhumudwitsa Paul wamng'ono, yemwe adasankha yekha kuchita ntchito ya usilikali, atamaliza maphunziro awo ku US Military Academy ku West Point ku 2002 ndikutumikira ku Iraq monga mkulu wa asilikali ku 2006. ngakhale paulendo wake wantchito, Chappell adayamba kukayikira kuti nkhondo idzabweretsa mtendere ku Middle East, kapena kwina kulikonse.
Zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, adakali msilikali wogwira ntchito, Chappell adasindikiza buku lake loyamba, Kodi Nkhondo Idzatha? Masomphenya a Msilikali a Mtendere m'zaka za zana la 21. Kuyambira pamenepo walemba mabuku ena asanu m'mabuku ake asanu ndi awiri Njira ya Mtendere zino. Wachisanu ndi chimodzi mutu, Asilikali a Mtendere, idzatuluka kugwa uku (2017), ndipo yachisanu ndi chiwiri mu 2020. Mabuku onse zalembedwa m'njira yofikirika, yofikirika, ndikuyika mosamala maphunziro omwe Chappell waphunzira pazaka 20 zakulimbana kwake kuti asinthe kuchoka paukali, wachinyamata wovulazidwa kukhala msilikali, wolimbikitsa mtendere, ndipo, kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazi, utsogoleri wamtendere. wotsogolera ku Nuclear Age Peace Foundation.
Mu udindo wake wotsogolera mtendere, Chappell amayenda padziko lonse lapansi akukamba za kufunikira kothetsa nkhondo ndi kukhazikitsa mtendere. Pazaka zingapo zapitazi, cholinga chake chasinthiratu kufalitsa "maphunziro a mtendere,” amene akufotokoza kuti ndi luso lokhazikitsidwa ndi lofunika kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo.
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, ndidafunsana ndi Chappell pankhani yomwe idasindikizidwa Magazini ya Sun, ndipo adasindikizidwanso pa MOON monga "Kuthetsa nkhondo.” Pa zokambirana izi, Chappell analankhula nane kawiri pafoni. - Leslee Goodman
CHITSANZO: Mwakhala mukulimbikitsa mtendere kwa zaka 10 tsopano-ngakhale mukadali msilikali ku Iraq. Kodi mwakhumudwa? Mukuona ngati tikubwerera mmbuyo?
Chappell: Ayi, sindinakhumudwe. Mukamvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa kuvutika kwa anthu, palibe chomwe chimachitika chomwe chimadabwitsa. Ndikanadziwa mwamuna amene amadya zakudya zopanda thanzi komanso kusuta fodya, sindikanadabwe ngati ali ndi matenda a mtima. Komanso sindikanataya mtima, chifukwa tikudziwa zomwe angachite kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso kupewa matenda a mtima.
Anthu ali ndi zosowa zosaneneka za cholinga, tanthauzo, umwini, ndi kudzidalira, zomwe sizimadzazidwa ndi njira zathanzi ndi ogula ndipo, chifukwa chake, zimapanga malo opanda kanthu omwe angadzazidwe ndi kutengeka maganizo ndi kunyanyira. Anthu amafunanso kulongosoledwa. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu “zikavuta” m’dzikoli, anthu amafuna kudziwa kuti: N’chifukwa chiyani chuma chili choipa? N’chifukwa chiyani pali uchigawenga? Kodi tanthauzo la kuwomberana anthu ambiri uku likutanthauza chiyani? Kufunika kwa mafotokozedwe kumeneku ndi kwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti ngati tilibe kufotokoza kolondola, tidzapeka zolakwika. Mwachitsanzo, anthu a ku Ulaya a m’zaka za m’ma XNUMX mpaka m’ma XNUMX mpaka m’ma XNUMX mpaka m’ma XNUMX a ku Ulaya, ankafunitsitsa kudziwa za mliriwo koma osadziwa kuti mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya ndi chiyani, ananena kuti mliriwu unayambitsidwa ndi Mulungu kapena mapulaneti.
Kuphatikizidwa pamodzi, mafotokozedwe omwe timakhulupirira amapanga malingaliro athu adziko lapansi. Kukhala ndi malingaliro adziko ndikofunikira monga kukhala ndi chakudya ndi madzi. Ndicho chifukwa chake, ngati muwopseza maganizo a munthu wina, nthawi zambiri amachita ngati kuti mukumuopseza mwakuthupi. Pamene Galileo ananena kuti Dziko lapansi limayenda mozungulira dzuŵa, m’malo mozungulira dzuŵa, Tchalitchi cha Katolika chinamuopseza kuti amuzunza ngati sasintha maganizo ake. Adawopseza malingaliro awo adziko lapansi. Mukamalankhula za ndale kapena zachipembedzo ndi munthu amene sakugwirizana nanu, akhoza kukhala aukali. Kaŵirikaŵiri zaukali umenewu umagwera m’malo a “kuima,” koma nthaŵi zina ndewuyo imatha kukhala yakuthupi—kapena yakupha—monga pamene anthu amapita kunkhondo chifukwa cha zikhulupiriro zosiyana zachipembedzo kapena zandale. Ndipo monga momwe kuyankha kwankhondo-kapena-kuthawa kumapangitsa nyama zambiri kupanga mtunda pakati pawo ndi chiwopsezo, anthu ambiri amangochoka kwa inu, osacheza nanu pa Facebook, kapena kupanga mtunda mwanjira ina mukayika chiwopsezo cha dziko lapansi.
CHITSANZO: Komabe zikuwoneka kuti timakumana ndi mitundu yambiri ya anthu, zikhalidwe, ndi malingaliro adziko kuposa kale lonse m'mbiri ya anthu. Kodi dziko likukula moyandikana ndi kugwirizana kwambiri?
Chappell: Inde, koma kuona dziko likukhala logwirizana kwambiri kwapangitsa anthu ambiri kudziona kukhala opanda pake, kapena ngakhale opanda pake. Pamene anthu ankakhala m’madera ang’onoang’ono ankadziwa kuti ali ndi malo; iwo anali ake; ndipo kukhala kwawoko kunawapangitsa kudzimva kukhala oyenerera. Pamene dziko likulumikizana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, takumananso ndi kusokonekera pakati pa anthu, zomwe zachititsa kuti anthu ambiri adzimve kukhala osalumikizana, otalikirana, komanso opanda mphamvu.
CHITSANZO: Kuphatikizidwa ndi mfundo yakuti mwina alibe ntchito, kapena sangakwanitse kulipira inshuwalansi.
Chappell: Kulondola. Pali mitundu iwiri ya umphawi—umphawi wakuthupi, ndi umphaŵi wauzimu—umene ndiwo umphaŵi wa kukhala, tanthauzo, kudziona kukhala wofunika, cholinga, ndi mafotokozedwe ozikidwa pa choonadi. Anthu amatha kuvutika kwambiri ndi umphawi wa mitundu yonse iwiriyi, koma anthu omwe ali ndi umphawi wauzimu ndi owopsa kwambiri kuposa omwe akuvutika ndi umphawi wakuthupi. Hitler sankafuna kulamulira Germany ndi kugonjetsa Ulaya chifukwa anali ndi njala ndi ludzu. Anamenya nkhondo chifukwa cha umphaŵi wamaganizo, kapena wauzimu.
CHITSANZO: Ndikupatsani kuti atsogoleri ankhondo si osauka, koma kodi pali mavuto ambiri azachuma pambuyo pa mkwiyo woyera ndi kubwezerana mmbuyo—kukondera kwa azungu—komwe tikuwona tsopano?
Chappell: Inde; koma ndikuganiza kuti anthu angakhulupirire molakwa kuti umphaŵi wakuthupi ndiwo gwero lalikulu la mavuto m’dziko lathu lapansi, koma ambiri mwa anthu amene akupanga zosonkhezera monyanyira si osauka; ndi olemera. Umphawi, njala ndi kupanda chilungamo sizili nthaka yokhayo yomwe uchigawenga ndi chiwawa zimameramo.
Mwinamwake ndikhoza kufeŵetsa mwa kunena kuti chifukwa chimene sindikudabwa ndi mmene zinthu zilili masiku ano n’chakuti sitikukhala m’dziko lokonda mtendere. Mkhalidwe wathu tingauyerekeze ndi kupita kukawona masewero a basketball kumene palibe woseŵera aliyense amene amadziŵa kusewera basketball. Zoonadi zingakhale zosokoneza. Anthu sadziwa zamtendere, ndiye kuti zinthu nzoipa kwambiri kuposa momwe ziyenera kukhalira. Ngati titati tizichita zinthu mwamtendere ngati luso lina lililonse kapena luso lina lililonse, tikanakhala akhalidwe labwino kwambiri; koma ife sititero, kotero ife sitiri. Mtendere ndi njira yokhayo yaluso yomwe ndingaganizire komwe anthu amakuganizirani kuti mutha kukhala ogwira mtima popanda kuphunzitsidwa. Masewera a karati, kupanga mafilimu, kujambula, kujambula, kusewera mpira, mpira, basketball, violin, lipenga, kuvina. Anthu sayembekezera kukhala aluso pa chilichonse mwa izi popanda maphunziro ndi machitidwe.
Lingalirani masamu. Ndinachita masamu kwa zaka pafupifupi khumi ndi zinayi kusukulu, kuyambira kusukulu ya ana aang’ono mpaka ku Calculus II. Masamu ndi ofunika kwambiri pazinthu zina, koma sindimagwiritsa ntchito maphunziro anga a masamu—ngakhale kusukulu ya pulayimale! Ndimangogwiritsa ntchito chowerengera. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito maphunziro anga amtendere, komabe, tsiku lililonse kuntchito, m'mayanjano anga, pakati pa anthu osawadziwa, ndikamacheza ndi anthu.
Kuwerenga mwamtendere ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa masamu apamwamba, kapena kuwerenga ndi kulemba, koma sitimaphunzitsa. Kuwerenga mtendere kumaphatikizapo kuona mtendere monga luso lothandizira ndipo umaphatikizapo mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya kuŵerenga yomwe imatithandiza kukhazikitsa mtendere weniweni: kuŵerenga ndi kulemba mu umunthu wathu wogawana, m’luso la moyo, luso la kuchita mtendere, luso la kumvetsera, mu chikhalidwe cha zenizeni, udindo wathu kwa nyama, ndi udindo wathu ku chilengedwe. Anthu ena amaphunzitsidwa luso lokhala pakhomo—luso monga kuthetsa mikangano, kudzikhazika mtima pansi, kukhazika mtima pansi anthu ena; momwe mungagonjetsere mantha; mmene angakulitsire chifundo—koma makolo ambiri alibe maluso ameneŵa, ndipo anthu ambiri amaphunzira makhalidwe oipa kwa makolo awo. Ndipo kodi ndi kangati pamene mumatsegula wailesi yakanema ndi kuwona anthu akuthetsa kusamvana mwamtendere ndi mwachikondi? Kodi anthu angapite kuti kuti akaone luso la kuŵerenga ndi kulemba mwamtendere likusonyezedwa? M'malo mwake, gulu lathu limaphunzitsa zambiri zomwe zimatsutsana ndi maphunziro amtendere. Mwachitsanzo, madera athu kaŵirikaŵiri amatiphunzitsa kupondereza chifundo chathu; kutsendereza chikumbumtima chathu; kuti asamve. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kuphunzira zamtendere ndi luso lovuta, lamtengo wapatali kwambiri, lofunika kwambiri kuti anthu apulumuke, ndikuyamba kuphunzitsa m'sukulu.
CHITSANZO: Munatchulapo kale ku Ulaya monga chitsanzo cha kupita patsogolo komwe dziko lapanga pozindikira kuti tili ndi zambiri zoti tipindule kudzera mumtendere ndi mgwirizano kusiyana ndi nkhondo ndi magawano. Kodi voti ya Brexit, kapena kukwera kwa magulu okonda dziko lamanja ku Europe, kumakupatsani chifukwa chodera nkhawa?
Chappell: Iwo ndithudi chifukwa cha nkhawa. Ayenera kuonedwa mozama kwambiri ponena za kuopsa kwa mtendere ndi chilungamo. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti pali zovuta zakuya mu chikhalidwe chathu zomwe sizikuthetsedwa. Kutengera mayendedwe awa mozama kumatanthauza kutengera madandaulo awo mozama.
In Nyanja ya Cosmic Ndimazindikira zosowa zisanu ndi zinayi zomwe si zakuthupi zomwe zimayendetsa khalidwe laumunthu. Zimaphatikizapo: cholinga ndi tanthauzo; kulimbikitsa maubwenzi (kudalira, ulemu, chifundo, kumvetsera); kufotokoza; mawu; kudzoza (komwe kumaphatikizapo zitsanzo; chosowachi ndi chofunika kwambiri kotero kuti ngati chabwino palibe, anthu adzakhazikika kwa oipa); zake; kudzidalira; zovuta (kufunika kogonjetsa zopinga kuti tikule mu mphamvu zathu zonse); ndi kupitirira—kufunika kwa kupitirira nthawi. Ndimakambirananso momwe zowawa zimasokonekera pazosowa izi ndikusokoneza mawonekedwe awo. Zowopsa ndi mliri m'dera lathu ndipo ndimamvetsetsa. Ndili kusekondale, ndinkafunitsitsa kulowa m’gulu lachiwawa lochita zachiwawa. Chifukwa chimodzi chimene sindinavomereze n’chakuti kalelo kunalibe magulu achiwawa achiwawa omwe amavomereza membala wina wa ku Asia, wina wakuda, ndi wina woyera.
CHITSANZO: Ndipo n’cifukwa ciani munafuna kucita zimenezo?
