Lipoti kuchokera ku NATO Summit ku Newport, Wales, 4-5 Sept 2014

Kuchotsa NATO kungakhale njira ina

Pa Seputembara 4-5 mu mzinda wawung'ono wamtendere wa Wales ku Newport, Msonkhano waposachedwa wa NATO unachitika, patatha zaka ziwiri kuchokera pa msonkhano womaliza ku Chicago mu Meyi 2012.

Apanso tidawonanso zithunzi zomwezi: madera akulu otsekedwa, malo opanda magalimoto komanso osawuluka, ndipo masukulu ndi mashopu akukakamizika kutseka. Motetezedwa bwino mu malo awo ochezera a nyenyezi 5 a Celtic Manor Hotel, "ankhondo akale ndi atsopano" adachitira misonkhano yawo m'malo otalikirana ndi zochitika zamoyo komanso zogwirira ntchito za okhala mderali - komanso otalikirana ndi ziwonetsero zilizonse. M'malo mwake, zenizeni zidafotokozedwa bwino kuti ndi "nthawi yadzidzidzi", njira zachitetezo zomwe zimawononga ma euro pafupifupi 70 miliyoni.

Ngakhale kuti panali zochitika zozoloŵereka, panalidi zinthu zatsopano zoti mupereke moni. Anthu a m’derali mwachionekere anamva chisoni ndi zimene zinayambitsa zionetserozo. Mmodzi mwa mawu akuluakulu adakopa chithandizo chapadera - "Ubwino m'malo mwa nkhondo" - popeza umagwirizana kwambiri ndi zofuna za ambiri m'dera lomwe limadziwika ndi ulova komanso kusowa kwa malingaliro amtsogolo.

Chinthu china chachilendo komanso chodabwitsa chinali kudzipereka, kugwirizanitsa komanso kusachita nkhanza kwa apolisi. Popanda zizindikiro zachisokonezo, ndipo, mwaubwenzi, adatsagana ndi zionetsero mpaka ku hotelo ya msonkhano ndipo adathandizira kuti nthumwi za ziwonetsero zitheke kupereka kwa "olamulira a NATO" phukusi lalikulu la zolemba zotsutsa. .

Agenda ya Msonkhano wa NATO

Malinga ndi kalata yoyitana yochokera kwa Mlembi Wamkulu wa NATO Rasmussen, mfundo zotsatirazi zinali zofunika kwambiri pazokambirana:

1. momwe zinthu ziliri ku Afghanistan pambuyo pa kutha kwa ntchito ya ISAF komanso kupitiliza kwa NATO pakuthandizira zomwe zikuchitika mdzikolo.
2. udindo wamtsogolo ndi ntchito ya NATO
3. mavuto ku Ukraine ndi ubale ndi Russia
4. mmene zinthu zilili panopa ku Iraq.

Vuto lomwe likuchitika ku Ukraine ndi kuzungulira dziko la Ukraine, lomwe lingafotokozedwe bwino kuti likumaliza tsatanetsatane wa maphunziro atsopano a kugundana ndi Russia, lidakhala malo owonekera bwino pokonzekera msonkhanowo, popeza NATO ikuwona kuti uwu ndi mwayi wodzilungamitsa. adapitiliza kukhalapo ndikuyambiranso "udindo wotsogola". Kukambitsirana pa njira ndi maubwenzi ku Russia, kuphatikizapo nkhani yonse ya "chitetezo chanzeru", motero chinafika pachimake pa mkangano wokhudzana ndi zotsatira zomwe zimachokera ku vuto la Ukraine.

Eastern Europe, Ukraine ndi Russia

Pamsonkhanowu izi zidapangitsa kuti avomereze dongosolo lowonjezera chitetezo chokhudzana ndi zovuta zaku Ukraine. Kum'mawa kwa Ulaya "gulu lankhondo lokonzekera kwambiri" kapena "mtsogoleri" wa asilikali 3-5,000 adzapangidwa, omwe adzatumizidwa m'masiku ochepa. Ngati Britain ndi Poland achita zomwe akufuna, likulu lankhondo lidzakhala ku Szczecin, Poland. Monga Mlembi Wamkulu wa NATO Rasmussen ananenera kuti: "Ndipo imatumiza uthenga womveka kwa aliyense amene angakuchitireni chipongwe: ngati mungaganize zoukira Mgwirizano m'modzi, mudzakhala mukukumana ndi Mgwirizano wonsewo."

Ankhondowo adzakhala ndi maziko angapo, kuphatikiza angapo m'maiko a Baltic, okhala ndi magulu okhazikika ankhondo 300-600. Uku ndikuphwanya Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security yomwe NATO ndi Russia zidasaina mu 1997.

Malinga ndi Rasmussen, vuto la ku Ukraine ndi "mfundo yofunika" m'mbiri ya NATO, yomwe tsopano ili ndi zaka 65. “Pamene tikukumbukira chiwonongeko cha Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse, mtendere ndi chitetezo chathu chikuyesedwanso, tsopano ndi nkhanza za Russia motsutsana ndi Ukraine."... "Ndipo kugwetsedwa kwa zigawenga za Flight MH17 kwawonetsa momveka bwino kuti mkangano womwe uli m'chigawo chimodzi cha Europe ukhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zomvetsa chisoni padziko lonse lapansi."

Mayiko ena a NATO, makamaka mamembala atsopano ochokera Kum'mawa kwa Europe, anali kuchonderera kuti Pangano Loyambitsa NATO-Russia la 1997 lithe kaamba koti Russia yaphwanya. Izi zidakanidwa ndi mamembala ena.

UK ndi USA akufuna kuyimitsa mazana ankhondo kum'mawa kwa Europe. Ngakhale msonkhano usanachitike, a British Times inanena kuti asilikali ndi magulu a zida zankhondo ayenera kutumizidwa "nthawi zambiri" pa masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Poland ndi mayiko a Baltic m'chaka chomwe chikubwera. Nyuzipepalayi inawona izi ngati chizindikiro cha kutsimikiza mtima kwa NATO "kusachita mantha" ndi kulandidwa kwa Crimea ndi kusokoneza dziko. Ukraine. Dongosolo lomwe lidasankhidwiratu likuwoneratu zochitika zambiri zankhondo m'maiko osiyanasiyana ndikukhazikitsa zida zatsopano zankhondo kum'mawa kwa Europe. Izi zidzakonzekeretsa "mtsogoleri" wa mgwirizano (Rasmussen) kuti agwire ntchito zake zatsopano. Chotsatira cha "Raid Trident" chikukonzekera September 15-26, 2014, kumadzulo kwa Ukraine. Otenga nawo gawo adzakhala mayiko a NATO, Ukraine, Moldavia ndi Georgia. Maziko ofunikira pa dongosololi mwina adzakhala m'maiko atatu a Baltic, Poland ndi Romania.

Ukraine, yomwe Purezidenti Poroshenko adatenga nawo gawo pamisonkhano ina, ilandilanso chithandizo chowonjezera kuti asitikali awo akhale amakono pokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ndi kayendetsedwe kake. Zosankha zothandizira popereka zida mwachindunji zidasiyidwa kwa mamembala a NATO.

Kumangidwa kwa "missile defense system" kudzapitirizidwanso.

Ndalama zambiri zankhondo

Kukwaniritsa mapulaniwa kumawononga ndalama zambiri. Pokonzekera msonkhanowo, Mlembi Wamkulu wa NATO adati, "Ndikulimbikitsa Ally aliyense kuti apereke chitetezo patsogolo. Pamene chuma cha ku Ulaya chikubwerera ku mavuto azachuma, momwemonso ndalama zathu zotetezera ziyenera kukhalira."Chizindikiro (chakale) chokhala ndi membala aliyense wa NATO kuti awononge 2% ya GDP yake pazankhondo chinatsitsimutsidwa. Kapenanso, monga Chancellor Merkel adanenera, ndalama zankhondo siziyenera kuchepetsedwa.

Poganizira zovuta zomwe zili kum'maŵa kwa Ulaya, NATO inachenjeza za zoopsa zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kudula kwina ndikuumirira kuti Germany iwonjezere ndalama zake. Malinga ndi magazini ya German current affairs Der Spiegel, chikalata chachinsinsi cha NATO cha nduna za chitetezo cha mayiko omwe ali mamembala akuti "mbali zonse za kuthekera [ziyenera] kusiyidwa kapena kuchepetsedwa kwambiri” ngati ndalama zowonongera chitetezo zichepetsedwa, popeza kuchepa kwazaka kwadzetsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa gulu lankhondo. Popanda thandizo la USA, pepalali likupitilirabe, mgwirizanowu ukanakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zogwirira ntchito.

Chifukwa chake tsopano kukakamizidwa kukukulirakulira, makamaka ku Germany, kuti awonjezere ndalama zodzitetezera. Malinga ndi masanjidwe amkati a NATO, mu 2014 Germany idzakhala pamalo a 14 pomwe ndalama zake zankhondo zikufika pa 1.29 peresenti ya GDP yake. Pazachuma, Germany ndi dziko lachiwiri lamphamvu kwambiri mumgwirizano pambuyo pa USA.

Popeza Germany yalengeza cholinga chake chokhazikitsa ndondomeko yogwira ntchito zakunja ndi chitetezo, izi ziyeneranso kupeza mawu ake pankhani zachuma, malinga ndi akuluakulu a NATO. “Padzakhala kukakamizidwa kowonjezereka kuti tichite zambiri kuteteza mamembala a NATO akum'mawa kwa Europe, "atero mneneri wa chitetezo cha CDU/CDU ku Germany, a Henning Otte. “Izi zitha kutanthauzanso kuti tiyenera kusintha bajeti yathu yodzitchinjiriza kuti tikwaniritse zandale zatsopano,” anapitiriza motero.

Kuwononga zida zatsopanozi kudzakhala ndi anthu ambiri ozunzidwa. Mfundo yakuti Chancellor Merkel anapewa mosamala malonjezo aliwonse m'malo mwa boma la Germany zinali chifukwa cha ndale zapakhomo. Mosasamala kanthu za kumenyedwa kwa ng’oma zankhondo posachedwapa, anthu a ku Germany apitirizabe kukana lingaliro la zida zowonjezereka ndi machenjerero owonjezereka ankhondo.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za SIPRI, mu 2014 chiŵerengero cha ndalama zankhondo za NATO ku Russia akadali 9: 1.

Malingaliro ankhondo ochulukirapo

Pamsonkhanowu, mawu owoneka bwino (ngakhale owopsa) adamvekanso akafika ku Russia, yemwe adanenedwanso kuti ndi "mdani". Chithunzichi chinapangidwa ndi polarization ndi zifukwa zotsika mtengo zomwe zimadziwika pamsonkhanowo. Atsogoleri a ndale omwe analipo amatha kumveka nthawi zonse akunena kuti "Russia ndiyomwe imayambitsa mavuto ku Ukraine", mosiyana ndi zomwe iwo amadziwa. Panalibe kudzudzula kotheratu, kapenanso kuganizira mozama. Ndipo atolankhani omwe adapezekapo adaperekanso thandizo lawo pafupifupi onse, mosasamala kanthu kuti akuchokera kudziko liti.

Mawu monga "chitetezo wamba" kapena "détente" sanali olandiridwa; Kumeneku kunali kumenyana koyambitsa nkhondo. Njirayi inkawoneka kuti ikunyalanyaza kuwongolera kulikonse komwe kungatheke ndi kuyimitsa moto kapena kuyambitsanso zokambirana ku Ukraine. Panali njira imodzi yokha: kukangana.

Iraq

Ntchito ina yofunika pamsonkhanowu idaseweredwa ndi zovuta zaku Iraq. Pamsonkhanowu, Purezidenti Obama adalengeza kuti mayiko angapo a NATO akupanga "mgwirizano watsopano wa anthu ofunitsitsa" kuthana ndi IS ku Iraq. Malinga ndi Mlembi wa Chitetezo ku United States a Chuck Hagel, awa ndi USA, UK, Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Poland ndi Turkey. Iwo akuyembekeza kujowina ndi mamembala ena. Kutumizidwa kwa asitikali apamtunda sikunatsimikizidwebe momwe zilili pano, koma pakhala kuwonjezereka kwa ma airstrikes pogwiritsa ntchito ndege zoyendetsedwa ndi anthu komanso ma drones komanso kutumiza zida kwa ogwirizana nawo. Dongosolo lathunthu lothana ndi IS liyenera kuperekedwa ku msonkhano wa UN General Assembly pambuyo pake mu Seputembala. Kutumiza zida ndi zida zina kunja kukuyenera kupitirizidwa.

Apanso, kukakamizidwa ku Germany kukuchulukirachulukira kuti atenge nawo mbali pakuchitapo kanthu ndi ndege zake (Tornados yamakono yokhala ndi zida za GBU 54).

Atsogoleri a NATO adawonetsa malingaliro ankhondo momwe mulibe malo a njira zina zothanirana ndi IS zomwe zikunenedwa ndi ofufuza zamtendere kapena gulu lamtendere.

Kuwonjezeka kwa NATO

Mfundo ina pa ndondomekoyi inali kufunitsitsa kwanthawi yayitali kuvomereza mamembala atsopano, makamaka Ukraine, Moldova ndi Georgia. Malonjezo adapangidwa kwa iwo, komanso ku Yordani komanso Libya kwakanthawi, kuti athandizire "kusintha gawo lachitetezo ndi chitetezo".

Kwa Georgia, "ndondomeko yayikulu" idavomerezedwa yomwe iyenera kutsogolera dziko ku umembala wa NATO.

Ponena za Ukraine, Prime Minister Yatsenyuk adanenanso kuti avomerezedwe pompopompo koma izi sizinavomerezedwe. Zikuwoneka kuti NATO imawonabe kuti zoopsazo ndizokwera kwambiri. Palinso dziko lina lomwe liri ndi chiyembekezo chowoneka chodzakhala membala: Montenegro. Chigamulo chidzapangidwa mu 2015 ponena za kuvomereza kwake.

Chochitika china chochititsa chidwi chinali kukulirakulira kwa mgwirizano ndi mayiko awiri osalowerera ndale: Finland ndi Sweden. Ayenera kuphatikizidwa kwambiri m'magulu a NATO okhudza zomangamanga ndi malamulo. Pangano lotchedwa "Host NATO Support" limalola NATO kuphatikiza maiko onsewa poyendetsa kumpoto kwa Europe.

Msonkhanowo usanachitike panali malipoti owulula momwe gawo la chikoka chamgwirizano ukukulirakulira ku Asia pogwiritsa ntchito "Mgwirizano Wamtendere", kubweretsa Philippines, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Japan komanso Vietnam kuti awonekere ku NATO. Zikuwonekeratu momwe China ingazungulire. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Japan idasankhanso nthumwi yokhazikika ku likulu la NATO.

Ndipo kufalikira kwina kwa chikoka cha NATO ku Central Africa kunalinso pandandanda.

Zinthu ku Afghanistan

Kulephera kwa gulu lankhondo la NATO ku Afghanistan nthawi zambiri kumatsitsidwa kumbuyo (ndi atolankhani komanso ndi ambiri mugulu lamtendere). Chisankho china chosokoneza ndi opambana omwe adawakonda (mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi ndani amene adzakhale pulezidenti), kusakhazikika kwa ndale zapakhomo, njala ndi umphawi zimasonyeza moyo m'dziko loleza mtimali. Osewera akulu omwe ali ndi udindo pa izi ndi USA ndi NATO. Kuchotsa kwathunthu sikunakonzedwe koma kuvomereza pangano latsopano la ntchito, lomwe Purezidenti Karzai sanafunenso kusaina. Izi zilola kuti magulu ankhondo apadziko lonse lapansi a asitikali pafupifupi 10,000 akhalebe (kuphatikiza mpaka 800 asitikali ankhondo aku Germany). "Njira yokwanira" idzakulitsidwanso, mwachitsanzo, mgwirizano wamagulu ankhondo. Ndipo ndale zomwe zalephera momveka bwino zidzapitirizidwanso. Iwo omwe akuvutika adzapitirizabe kukhala anthu ambiri m'dzikoli omwe akubedwa mwayi uliwonse kuti awone chitukuko chodziimira, chodziyimira pawokha m'dziko lawo - zomwe zingawathandizenso kuthana ndi zigawenga za akuluakulu ankhondo. Kugwirizana kodziwikiratu kwa maphwando onse opambana pachisankho cha USA ndi NATO kudzalepheretsa chitukuko chodziyimira pawokha, chamtendere.

Chifukwa chake zikadali zowona kunena kuti: Mtendere ku Afghanistan sunapezekebe. Mgwirizano pakati pa magulu onse ankhondo amtendere ku Afghanistan ndi gulu lamtendere padziko lonse lapansi liyenera kupititsidwa patsogolo. Sitiyenera kulola kuiwala Afghanistan: imakhalabe yovuta kwambiri pamagulu amtendere pambuyo pa zaka 35 za nkhondo (kuphatikizapo zaka 13 za nkhondo ya NATO).

Palibe mtendere ndi NATO

Chifukwa chake gulu lamtendere lili ndi zifukwa zokwanira zowonetsera motsutsana ndi mfundo izi zolimbana, zida, "kuwononga" otchedwa mdani, ndi kukulitsa kwa NATO kummawa. Bungwe lomwelo lomwe mfundo zake ndi zomwe zayambitsa zovuta komanso nkhondo yapachiweniweni likufuna kutulutsa moyo wofunikira kuti likhalepobe.

Apanso, Msonkhano wa NATO ku 2014 wasonyeza: Chifukwa cha mtendere, sipadzakhala mtendere ndi NATO. Mgwirizanowu ukuyenera kuthetsedwa ndikulowedwa m'malo ndi chitetezo chamagulu onse komanso kuchotsera zida.

Zochita zokonzedwa ndi International Peace Organisation

Yoyambitsidwa ndi maukonde apadziko lonse lapansi "Ayi kunkhondo - Ayi ku NATO", ndikupereka chidziwitso chofunikira pa msonkhano wa NATO kwa nthawi yachinayi, komanso ndi thandizo lamphamvu lochokera ku gulu lamtendere la Britain monga "Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND)" ndi "Stop the War Coalition", zochitika zosiyanasiyana zamtendere ndi zochita zinachitikira.

Zochitika zazikuluzikulu zinali:

• Chiwonetsero chapadziko lonse ku Newport pa September 30, 2104. Ndi c. Otenga nawo gawo 3000 chinali chiwonetsero chachikulu kwambiri chomwe mzindawu wawonapo mzaka zapitazi za 20, komabe chocheperako kuti sichingakhale chokhutiritsa poganizira momwe zinthu ziliri padziko lapansi. Oyankhula ochokera ku mabungwe a zamalonda, ndale ndi gulu lamtendere padziko lonse lapansi adagwirizana potsutsa nkhondo komanso mokomera kuchotsa zida, komanso pokhudzana ndi kufunika kopereka lingaliro lonse la NATO kuti akambiranenso.
• Msonkhano wapadziko lonse lapansi unachitika ku holo yamzinda wa Cardiff pa Ogasiti 31 mothandizidwa ndi khonsolo yakumaloko, komanso pa Seputembara 1 ku Newport. Msonkhanowu udathandizidwa ndi ndalama ndi antchito ndi Rosa Luxemburg Foundation. Idakwanitsa kukwaniritsa zolinga ziwiri: choyamba, kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane momwe zinthu ziliri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kachiwiri, kupanga njira zina zandale ndi zosankha zomwe zingachitike mkati mwa gulu lamtendere. Pamsonkhanowu, kutsutsa kwachikazi pa zankhondo za NATO kunathandiza kwambiri. Zochitika zonse zidachitika mumkhalidwe wogwirizana kwambiri ndipo zimapanga maziko a mgwirizano wamphamvu wamtsogolo mu gulu lamtendere padziko lonse lapansi. Chiwerengero cha omwe adatenga nawo mbali chinalinso chosangalatsa kwambiri pafupifupi 300.
• Msasa wamtendere wapadziko lonse mu paki yowoneka bwino m'mphepete mwa mzinda wamkati wa Newport. Makamaka, achinyamata omwe adachita nawo ziwonetserozo adapeza malo pano kuti akambirane momveka bwino, ndi anthu 200 omwe amabwera kumsasawo.
• Ziwonetsero zomwe zidachitika patsiku loyamba la msonkhanowu zidakopa chidwi chochuluka kuchokera kwa atolankhani komanso anthu akumaloko, pomwe anthu pafupifupi 500 adabweretsa ziwonetserozi pakhomo lakumaso kwa msonkhanowo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ziwonetsero zambiri za ziwonetsero zitha kuperekedwa kwa akuluakulu a NATO (omwe adakhala opanda dzina komanso opanda mawonekedwe).

Apanso, panali chidwi chachikulu chazofalitsa pazochitika za counter. Zosindikiza za ku Wales ndi zoulutsira pa intaneti zidaululika kwambiri, ndipo atolankhani aku Britain adaperekanso lipoti lathunthu. Oulutsa nkhani zaku Germany ARD ndi ZDF adawonetsa zithunzi kuchokera paziwonetserozi ndipo atolankhani akumanzere ku Germany adalembanso za msonkhanowo.

Zochitika zonse za zionetserozi zidachitika mwamtendere, popanda ziwawa zilizonse. Zoonadi, izi zinali makamaka chifukwa cha otsutsa okha, koma mwachimwemwe apolisi a ku Britain adathandizira kuti izi zitheke komanso chifukwa cha mgwirizano wawo ndi khalidwe lochepa.

Makamaka pamsonkhanowu, zokambiranazo zidawonetsanso kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mfundo zankhanza za NATO ndi njira zomwe zingabweretse mtendere. Chifukwa chake msonkhano uwu makamaka watsimikizira kufunika kopitiliza kugawa NATO.

Kuthekera kopanga gulu lamtendere kudapitirizidwa pamisonkhano ina pomwe ntchito zamtsogolo zidagwirizana:

• Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse wa Drones Loweruka, August 30, 2014. Imodzi mwa mitu yomwe inakambidwa inali kukonzekera kwa Global Day of Action on Drones for October 4, 2014. Adagwirizananso kuti agwire ntchito ku msonkhano wapadziko lonse wa drones wa Meyi 2015.
• Msonkhano wapadziko lonse wokonzekera zochita za Msonkhano Wowunikanso wa 2015 wa Pangano la Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons ku New York mu April/May. Mitu yomwe idakambidwa idaphatikizapo pulogalamu yamasiku awiri a Congress Against Nuclear Weapons and Defense Expenditure, zochitika zam'mphepete mwa msonkhano wa UN, komanso chiwonetsero chachikulu mumzinda.
• Msonkhano Wapachaka wa "No to war - no to NATO" network pa September 2, 2014. Network iyi, yomwe misonkhano yawo imathandizidwa ndi Rosa Luxemburg Foundation, tsopano ikhoza kuyang'ana mmbuyo pa pulogalamu yopambana yotsutsana ndi misonkhano inayi ya NATO. Zitha kunena momveka kuti zabweretsanso kupatsidwa mwayi kwa NATO pandondomeko ya gulu lamtendere komanso pamlingo winanso pazandale. Idzapitiriza ntchito izi mu 2015, kuphatikizapo zochitika ziwiri pa udindo wa NATO kumpoto kwa Ulaya ndi ku Balkan.

Kristine Karch,
Co-Chair wa Coordinating Committee of the international network "No to War - No to NATO"