Wolemba Winslow Myers, Januware 15, 2018.
M'maganizidwe anga monga nzika yokondweretsedwa, pali kukana kochititsa chidwi komanso chinyengo mu dziko la njira za nyukiliya, kumbali zonse. Kim Jong Un amapusitsa anthu ake ndi mabodza okhudza kuwononga United States. Koma anthu aku America amapeputsanso mphamvu zankhondo zaku America, komanso mphamvu zamphamvu zina zanyukiliya - chiwonongeko chomwe chingathe kutha padziko lonse lapansi. Kukana, zongopeka zosakayikitsa, ndi kusokonekera kumawonekedwe ngati mfundo zomveka. Kuyika kupeŵa nkhondo patsogolo kumaphimbidwa ndi lingaliro la bellicosity wamba.
Popereka kuti North Korea idayambitsa nkhondo yaku Korea, 80% ya North Korea idawonongedwa isanathe. Mtsogoleri wa bungwe la Strategic Air Command, Curtis Lemay, anaponya mabomba ambiri ku North Korea kuposa omwe anaphulitsidwa m'bwalo lonse la zisudzo ku Asia-Pacific panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Chuma chaku North Korea chidatsika ndipo pang'ono pang'ono chachira. Munali njala m’ma 1990. Palibe kutseka, palibe mgwirizano wamtendere. Malingaliro aku North Korea ndikuti tikadali pankhondo - chifukwa chomveka choti atsogoleri awo awononge US, kusokoneza malingaliro a nzika zawo ndi mdani wakunja - gulu lachipongwe. Dziko lathu likupitilizabe kuchita izi.
Banja la Kim Jong Un likuchita nawo malonda oletsedwa a zida ndi heroin, ndalama zachinyengo, ndalama zowombola zomwe zasokoneza mwankhanza ntchito ya zipatala padziko lonse lapansi, kupha achibale, kutsekeredwa m'ndende mopanda chilungamo, komanso kuzunza anthu otsutsa m'misasa yachibalo yokakamiza.
Koma vuto lathu lomwe lilipo ndi North Korea ndi chitsanzo chabe cha mkhalidwe wapadziko lonse lapansi, womwe umakhala wovuta kwambiri mkangano wa Kashmir, mwachitsanzo, womwe umasokoneza nyukiliya ku India motsutsana ndi Pakistan ya nyukiliya. Monga momwe Einstein analembera mu 1946, “Mphamvu yotulutsidwa ya atomu yasintha chilichonse kupatulapo kaganizidwe kathu, ndipo motero timakanthidwira ku tsoka losayerekezeka.” Pokhapokha titapeza malingaliro atsopano, tikhala tikulimbana ndi ma North Korea ambiri munthawi yake.
Kuvuta konse kwa luso la zida za nyukiliya, ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono: Tadutsa kale malire amphamvu owononga ndipo palibe njira yaumisiri yopangidwa ndi anthu yomwe yakhala yopanda zolakwika.
Bomba lamphamvu la nyukiliya liphulika pamwamba pa mzinda uliwonse waukulu kukhoza kukweza kutentha kuwirikiza ka 4 kapena 5 kuposa pamwamba pa dzuŵa. Chilichonse chomwe chili pamtunda wa mailosi zana kuzungulira pachimakecho chikhoza kuyaka nthawi yomweyo. Mphepo yamkunthoyo ingapangitse mphepo za 500 mailosi pa ola, zomwe zimatha kuyamwa m'nkhalango, nyumba, ndi anthu. Mwaye womwe ukukwera mu troposphere kuchokera pakuphulika kwa 1% mpaka 5% ya zida zapadziko lonse lapansi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoziziritsa dziko lonse lapansi ndikuchepetsa kwazaka khumi kuthekera kwathu kukulitsa zomwe timafunikira kuti tidzidyetse tokha. Mabiliyoni adzafa ndi njala. Sindinamvepo zamilandu ina iliyonse yokhudzana ndi kuthekera kosangalatsa kumeneku, ngakhale kuti sikunali zachilendo. Zaka 33 zapitazo, bungwe langa, Beyond War, lidathandizira nkhani yachisanu ya nyukiliya yoperekedwa ndi Carl Sagan kwa akazembe a mayiko a 80. Nyengo yozizira ya nyukiliya ikhoza kukhala nkhani zakale, koma kusokoneza kwake tanthauzo la mphamvu zankhondo sikunachitikepo komanso kusintha kwamasewera. Mitundu yosinthidwa ikuwonetsa kuti pofuna kupewa nyengo yozizira ya nyukiliya, mayiko onse okhala ndi zida za nyukiliya ayenera kuchepetsa zida zawo zankhondo pafupifupi 200.
Koma ngakhale kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu koteroko sikuthetsa vuto la zolakwika kapena zolakwika, zomwe-zotsimikiziridwa ndi chenjezo labodza la Hawaii-ndi njira yotheka kuti nkhondo ya nyukiliya ndi North Korea iyambe. Chigwirizano cha anthu ndi chakuti pulezidenti nthawi zonse amakhala ndi zizindikiro, maulalo olekerera, ndi njira yokhayo yomwe nkhondo ya nyukiliya ingayambitsire. Ngakhale uku ndikukweza tsitsi mokwanira, chowonadi chingakhale chokhumudwitsa kwambiri. Palibe kuletsa kwa US kapena ku Russia, kapena North Korea pankhaniyi, sikungakhale kodalirika ngati adani akukhulupirira kuti nkhondo yanyukiliya ikhoza kupambana pochotsa likulu la mdani kapena mtsogoleri wa dziko. Machitidwewa amapangidwa kuti atsimikizire kubwezera kuchokera kumadera ena, komanso pansi pa mndandanda wa malamulo.
Panthawi ya vuto la mizinga ya ku Cuba, Vasili Archipov anali msilikali wa sitima yapamadzi ya Soviet yomwe asilikali athu apanyanja anali kugwetsa zomwe zimatchedwa kuti ma grenade, kuti awafikitse. A Soviet ankaganiza kuti mabombawa anali ozama kwambiri. Apolisi awiri ankafuna kuwotcha torpedo ya nyukiliya pamalo onyamula ndege aku America omwe anali pafupi. Malinga ndi ndondomeko ya Soviet Navy, akuluakulu atatu adayenera kuvomereza. Palibe amene anali m'sitima yapamadzi yofunikira kuti apite patsogolo kuchokera kwa a Khrushchev kuti achitepo kanthu chakupha chakumapeto kwa dziko. Mwamwayi, Archipov sanafune kuvomereza. Ndi nzeru zofananira, abale a Kennedy adaletsa General Curtis Lemay yemwe watchulidwa pamwambapa kuti asaphulitse Cuba panthawi ya vuto la mizinga. Zikadakhala kuti kutengeka mtima kwa Lemay kukanapambana mu Okutobala 1962, tikadakhala tikuwukira zida zanyukiliya zanzeru komanso zida zapakatikati ku Cuba ndi zida zanyukiliya zomwe zidayikidwa kale. Robert McNamara: “M’nyengo ya nyukiliya, zolakwa zoterozo zingakhale zoopsa. Sizingatheke kuneneratu ndi chidaliro zotsatira za nkhondo ndi maulamuliro akuluakulu. Choncho, tiyenera kukwaniritsa kupewa mavuto. Zimenezi zimafuna kuti tizidziika m’malo mwa wina ndi mnzake.”
Mumphindi yakupumula pambuyo pavuto la Cuba, mawu omaliza anali "palibe mbali yomwe idapambana; dziko lapambana, tiyeni tiwonetsetse kuti tisadzabwerenso pafupi chonchi.” Komabe, tinalimbikira. Mlembi wa boma Rusk mwachisangalalo anapereka phunziro lolakwika: “Tinapita kukayang’ana m’diso ndipo mbali inayo inaphethira.” Gulu lankhondo ndi mafakitale mu maulamuliro apamwamba ndi kwina zinapitilirabe. Nzeru za Einstein zinanyalanyazidwa.
Kuletsa zida za nyukiliya kuli ndi zomwe akatswiri afilosofi amatcha kuti kutsutsana kochita bwino: Kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito, zida za aliyense ziyenera kukhala zokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo, koma ngati zitagwiritsidwa ntchito, timakumana ndi kudzipha kwa mapulaneti. Njira yokhayo yopambana simasewera.
Mtsutso wotsimikizirika wa chiwonongeko ndi wakuti nkhondo yapadziko lonse yaletsedwa kwa zaka 73. Churchill anachitsutsa ndi kulankhula kwake kwanthaŵi zonse, m’nkhani imeneyi pochirikiza lingaliro lopanda pake lakuti: “Chisungiko chidzakhala mwana wamphamvu wa mantha, ndipo kupulumuka kudzakhala mapasa a chiwonongeko.”
Koma kuletsa zida za nyukiliya sikukhazikika. Zimatsekera maiko kukhala kuzungulira kosatha komwe timamanga / kumanga, ndipo timatengera zomwe akatswiri amisala amati kuphunzira kulephera. Ngakhale tikuganiza kuti zida zathu za nyukiliya zilipo kuti ziteteze, monga chitetezo, apurezidenti ambiri aku US azigwiritsa ntchito kuwopseza adani. General MacArthur mwachiwonekere ankaganiza zowagwiritsa ntchito panthawi ya nkhondo ya ku Korea, monga momwe Nixon ankadzifunsa ngati zida za nyukiliya zingasinthe kugonjetsedwa kwa Vietnam. Mtsogoleri wathu wapano akuti ndi phindu lanji kukhala nawo ngati sitingathe kuwagwiritsa ntchito? Kumeneko sikumakamba zoletsa. Izi ndi zokamba za munthu amene sadziwa kuti zida za nyukiliya ndizosiyana kwambiri.
Pofika m'chaka cha 1984, zida zoponya zapakati zinatumizidwa ku Ulaya ndi ife ndi USSR nthawi yopangira zisankho za NATO ndi Soviets inafupikitsidwa kukhala mphindi. Dziko linali pamavuto, monga momwe zilili masiku ano. Aliyense amene adakhala m'nthawi ya McCarthy amakumbukira kuti malingaliro ambiri onena za Soviet Union ngati zigawenga, zoyipa komanso zopanda umulungu zinali zochulukirachulukira kuposa momwe timamvera lero za Kim ndi dziko lake laling'ono. .
Mu 1984, kulemekeza International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, bungwe langa, Beyond War, linakhazikitsa "spacebridge" wapa TV pakati pa Moscow ndi San Francisco. Anthu ambiri m'mizinda yonseyi, olekanitsidwa osati ndi madera khumi ndi awiri okha komanso ndi zaka makumi angapo za nkhondo yozizira, adamvetsera zopempha za aphungu a IPPNW, kuti ayanjane pakati pa US ndi Soviets. Nthawi yodabwitsa kwambiri idafika kumapeto pomwe tonse m'magulu onse awiri tidayamba kugwedezana wina ndi mnzake.
Wosuliza adalemba kuwunika kowopsa kwa zomwe zidachitika mu Wall Street Journal, akunena kuti US, mothandizidwa ndi kupitilira kwankhondo kothandiza pankhondo, idagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika pakuukira kwa chikomyunizimu. Koma mlatho wa mlengalenga unakhala woposa mphindi ya kumbaya. Kukulitsa kulumikizana kwathu, tinasonkhanitsa magulu awiri a asayansi apamwamba a zida za nyukiliya ochokera ku United States ndi Soviet Union kuti alembe buku lonena za nkhondo ya zida za nyukiliya, yotchedwa "Kupambana." Gorbachev anawerenga izo. Ntchito za mamiliyoni a ziwonetsero, mabungwe omwe siaboma ngati Beyond War, komanso akatswiri odziwa ntchito zakunja adayamba kubala zipatso mu theka lachiwiri la 1980s. Mu 1987 Reagan ndi Gorbachev adasaina pangano lofunika kwambiri la zida za nyukiliya. Khoma la Berlin linagwetsedwa mu 1989. Gorbachev ndi Reagan, mumphindi yomvetsa chisoni ya misala, anakumana mu 1986 ku Reykjavik ndipo anaganiza zothetsa zida zonse za nyukiliya za mayiko awiri akuluakulu. Zochita zotere kuchokera ku 1980s zimakhalabe zogwirizana kwambiri ndi vuto la North Korea. Ngati tikufuna kuti North Korea isinthe, tiyenera kuyang'ana zomwe tikuchita pakupanga chipinda chowopsa komanso chowopsa.
Imfa ya Dr. King inali chiwopsezo chakufa ku ukulu wathu monga fuko. Anagwirizanitsa madontho pakati pa kusankhana mitundu ndi nkhondo zathu. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, General Curtis Lemay, wowombera moto ku Tokyo m'Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, mliri wa ku Korea, womwe unatsala pang'ono kuyambitsa nkhondo yamphamvu kwambiri ya nyukiliya pa nthawi ya zovuta za Cuba, ukuwonekeranso m'mbiri inanso, mu 1968, chaka chomwecho King anaphedwa - monga George Wallace wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti. Kuganizira zochitira Pyongyang mu 2018 zomwe tidachita ku Hiroshima mu 1945 zimafuna kuchotsera anthu 25 miliyoni aku North Korea. Kulungamitsidwa kwa Lemay kwa imfa ya anthu ambiri kumachokera kumalo amalingaliro omwewo monga George Wallace (ndi Purezidenti Trump) kusankhana mitundu.
Ana aku North Korea ndi oyenera kukhala ndi moyo ngati wathu. Izo siziri kukumba. Uwu ndi uthenga womwe North Korea ikuyenera kumva kuchokera kwa ife. Akadakhala kuti Mfumu akadali ndi ife, akadakhala akubingutsa kuti misonkho yathu ilipira kupha anthu ambiri pamlingo womwe ungapangitse kuti chiwonongeko cha Ayuda chiwoneke ngati pikiniki. Anganene kuti ndikuzemba kuganiza kuti ma nukes athu ndi abwino chifukwa ndi demokalase, ndipo a Kim ndi oipa chifukwa ndi opondereza. Dziko lathu liyenera kufotokoza za mfundo ziwiri, pomwe timaletsa zida za nyukiliya ku Iran ndi North Korea koma osati tokha. North Korea ndi Iran ziyenera kuletsedwa kukhala membala mu gulu la zida zanyukiliya, koma ndiye kuti tonsefe tiyenera kutero.
Malingaliro atsopano amafuna kuti tifunse ngakhale anthu osasangalatsa ngati Kim Jong Un, "ndingakuthandizeni bwanji kuti mukhale ndi moyo, kuti tonse tipulumuke?" Kulumikizana kulikonse, kuphatikiza ma Olimpiki a Seoul, kumapereka mwayi wolumikizana. Ngati tili oleza mtima, North Korea idzasintha popanda nkhondo ina yaku Korea. Izi zikuchitika kale pamene mphamvu za msika ndi zamakono zamakono zikugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono mu chikhalidwe chawo chotsekedwa.
Kupewa kotheratu kwa nkhondo ya nyukiliya, ndi North Korea kapena ndi wina aliyense, kumafuna kuchepetsedwa kwathunthu, mobwerezabwereza, kutsimikiziridwa kwa zida zanyukiliya za aliyense, choyamba pansi pa nyukiliya yozizira, kenako, kwa nthawi yayitali, mpaka ziro. Dziko lathu liyenera kutsogolera. Bambo Trump ndi Mr. Putin atha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mgwirizano wawo wodabwitsa poyambitsa msonkhano wokhazikika wa zida za nyukiliya, ndikulembetsa pang'onopang'ono kutenga nawo gawo kwa mphamvu zina za nyukiliya za 7. Dziko lonse likadakhala likuyambitsa chipambano, m’malo mochita mantha ndi ife monga momwe zilili panopa. Kusuntha kopanga chidaliro kumodzi ndi kotheka. Mlembi wakale wa chitetezo William Perry wanena kuti United States idzakhala yotetezeka, osati zochepa, ngati titachotsa ma ICBM athu a 450 mu silos, mwendo wamtunda wa nyukiliya yathu.
Olemba ngati Steven Pinker ndi Nick Kristof adazindikira zinthu zambiri zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti dziko lapansi likuyenda pang'onopang'ono kuchoka kunkhondo. Ndikufuna dziko langa lithandizire kufulumizitsa zomwe zikuchitika, osati kuzichedwetsa, kapena mulungu atithandize, kuzisintha. Tikanayenera kuthandizira, m'malo monyanyala, mgwirizano waposachedwa wa UN woletsa zida za nyukiliya. Maiko 122 mwa 195 asayina panganoli. Kugwirizana koteroko poyamba kungaoneke ngati kulibe mano, koma mbiri imagwira ntchito m’njira zachilendo. Mu 1928, mayiko 15 anasaina pangano la Kellogg-Briand, lomwe linaletsa nkhondo zonse. Zinavomerezedwa, ngati mungakhulupirire, ndi Senate ya United States mu voti ya 85 kwa 1. Ikugwirabe ntchito, ngakhale kuti imapita mosapita m'mbali kuti yalemekezedwa kwambiri pakuphwanya kusiyana ndi mwambo. Koma chikalatacho chinapereka maziko ovomerezeka opezera chipani cha Nazi pa mlandu wophwanya mtendere pa mlandu wa ku Nuremberg.
Ma injini omwewo amene amasonkhezera mivi yathu kutisonkhezeranso m’mlengalenga, kutitheketsa kuwona dziko lapansi monga chamoyo chimodzi—chithunzi chanzeru, champhamvu, chathunthu cha kudalirana kwathu. Zimene timachita kwa adani athu timadzichitira tokha. Ndi ntchito ya nthawi yathu kubzala malingaliro atsopanowa ngakhale mawerengedwe athu a kupulumuka a Machiavellian-kudziyika tokha mu nsapato za wina ndi mzake monga Mlembi McNamara adanena. Chilengedwe sichinabweretse dziko lathu lapansi m'zaka 13.8 biliyoni kuti tithe kulithetsa m'njira yodzilamulira tokha. Kukanika kwa mtsogoleri wathu wapano kumangothandiza kumveketsa bwino kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa zida zonse za nyukiliya.
Oimira athu akuyenera kumva zambiri za ife tikupempha kuti tikambirane momasuka pa ndondomeko ya nyukiliya, makamaka nyengo yozizira ya nyukiliya, misala yodzigonjetsa ya "njira" monga kuchenjeza, ndi kupewa nkhondo ya nyukiliya molakwika.
Malingaliro adziko lapansi omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndikuti anthu amalingaliro abwino akuyesera kumanga gulu lokondedwa la Mfumu, ndikuti kuletsa zida zanyukiliya kumateteza gulu losalimbali kudziko lowopsa. King akadanena kuti kudziletsa kwa nyukiliya palokha ndi gawo lalikulu la ngoziyo. Ngati ife kuno ku United States tikadagwirizana ndi tchimo loyambirira la tsankho ndi chiwawa chathu, tikanayang'ana vuto la North Korea ndi maso osiyanasiyana, ndipo iwo akhoza kutiwonanso mosiyana. Tikungotengeka ndi tsoka losayerekezeka kapena tikuchita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti timange gulu lokondedwa la Mfumu padziko lonse lapansi.
Winslow Myers, Martin Luther King Day, 2018
