Wachiwiri kwa Mlembi wakale wa boma William Burns mu 2016. Photo credit: Columbia Journal of International Affairs
Wolemba Medea Benjamin ndi Nicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, September 5, 2023
Atataya muholo yachisokonezo cha magalasi omwe adalengedwa, CIA nthawi zambiri yalephera pa ntchito yake imodzi yokha yovomerezeka, yopatsa opanga mfundo zaku US nzeru zolondola zapadziko lonse lapansi kupitilira chipinda cha Washington echo kuti adziwitse zisankho zaku US.
Ngati, mosiyana ndi ambiri omwe adamutsogolera, Purezidenti Biden amafunadi kutsogozedwa ndi luntha lolondola, zomwe sizotsimikizika, kusankhidwa kwake kwa Wachiwiri kwa Secretary Secretary of State Bill Burns kukhala Director wa CIA kunali kolimbikitsa, ngakhale kunali kodabwitsa. Zinachotsa a Burns pamalamulo oyendetsera dipatimenti ya Boma, koma zidamuyika m'malo omwe zaka zambiri zaukadaulo komanso luntha zingathandize kuwongolera zisankho za Biden, makamaka pamavuto omwe ali mu ubale waku US ndi Russia. Burns, wodziwa bwino Chirasha, adakhala ndikugwira ntchito ku Embassy ya US ku Moscow kwa zaka zambiri, poyamba monga wandale ndipo pambuyo pake monga Ambassador wa US.
Ndizovuta kupeza zala za Burns pa mfundo za Biden ku Russia kapena pankhondo ya NATO ku Ukraine, pomwe mfundo zaku US zidalowa molunjika kuopsa komwe Burns adachenjeza boma lake, mu zingwe zochokera ku Moscow zomwe zatenga zaka zopitilira khumi. Sitingadziwe zomwe Burns amauza Purezidenti kumbuyo kwa zitseko zotsekedwa. Koma sanayitane poyera kuti akambirane zamtendere, monga Wapampando wa Joint Chiefs of Staff General Mark Milley wachita, ngakhale kutero kungakhale kwachilendo kwa mkulu wa CIA.
M'malo omwe ali okhwima omenyera nkhondo, otsutsa-Russian Orthodox, ngati Bill Burns anena poyera nkhawa zina zomwe adazifotokoza m'mbuyomu pantchito yake, atha kunyalanyazidwa, kapena kuchotsedwa ntchito, ngati wopepesera a Putin. Koma machenjezo ake owopsa okhudza zotulukapo zoyitanitsa Ukraine kuti alowe nawo ku NATO adasungidwa mwakachetechete m'thumba lake lakumbuyo, chifukwa amadzudzula Russia ngati mlembi yekhayo wankhondo yowopsa ku Ukraine, osatchulapo zofunikira zomwe adazifotokoza momveka bwino. zaka 30 zapitazi.
Mu kukumbukira kwake Back Channel, lofalitsidwa mu 2019, Burns adatsimikizira kuti, mu 1990, Mlembi wa boma James Baker adatsimikiziradi Mikhail Gorbachev kuti sipadzakhala kuwonjezeka kwa mgwirizano wa NATO kapena mphamvu za "inchi imodzi kummawa" kumalire a Germany ogwirizana. Burns analemba kuti, ngakhale kuti lonjezolo silinakhazikitsidwe ndipo linapangidwa Soviet Union isanathe, a Russia adatenga Baker pa mawu ake ndipo adamva kuti aperekedwa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa NATO m'zaka zotsatira.
Pamene anali mkulu wa ndale ku ofesi ya kazembe wa US ku Moscow mu 1995, Burns inanena kuti "kudana ndi kukula koyambirira kwa NATO kumamveka padziko lonse lapansi pazandale zapakhomo pano." Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 olamulira a Purezidenti Bill Clinton adasuntha kuti abweretse Poland, Hungary ndi Czech Republic ku NATO, Burns adatcha chisankhocho chisanakwane, komanso chokhumudwitsa mopanda chifukwa. "Pamene anthu a ku Russia ankakonda kudandaula komanso kudzimva kuti ndi osafunika, chiphunzitso cha 'kubayidwa kumbuyo' chinazungulira pang'onopang'ono, ndikusiya chizindikiro pa ubale wa Russia ndi Kumadzulo umene udzakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri," adatero. analemba.
Atagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ku Middle East, kuphatikizapo kazembe ku Jordan, mu 2005 Burns adapeza ntchito yomwe wakhala akuyang'ana kwa zaka zambiri: kazembe wa US ku Russia. Kuchokera pazamalonda zaminga mpaka kukangana ku Kosovo ndi mikangano yoteteza mizinga, anali ndi manja odzaza. Koma nkhani ya kukula kwa NATO inali gwero la mikangano yosatha.
Zinafika pachimake mu 2008, pomwe akuluakulu aboma la Bush anali kukakamiza kuti NATO iitanitse ku Ukraine ndi Georgia ku Msonkhano wa NATO wa Bucharest. Burns anayesera kuti athetse. Miyezi iwiri isanachitike, adalemba imelo yopanda malire Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, mbali zake zimene anazigwira mawu m’buku lake.
"Kulowa kwa Chiyukireniya ku NATO ndikowoneka bwino kwambiri kwa anthu osankhika aku Russia (osati a Putin okha). Pazaka zopitilira ziwiri ndi theka zakukambirana ndi osewera akulu aku Russia, kuyambira oponya zida m'malo amdima a Kremlin mpaka otsutsa kwambiri a Putin, sindinapezebe aliyense amene amawona Ukraine ku NATO ngati china chilichonse kupatula vuto lachindunji. ku zofuna za Russia," Burns analemba. "Pakadali pano, kupereka kwa MAP [Membership Action Plan] sikungawoneke ngati njira yaukadaulo panjira yayitali yopita ku membala, koma ngati kugwetsa zovuta. Russia idzayankha. Ubale waku Russia-Chiyukireniya udzafika pozizira kwambiri…. Ipanga nthaka yachonde kuti Russia ilowerere ku Crimea ndi kum'mawa kwa Ukraine. ”
Kuphatikiza pa imelo yakeyi, adalemba chingwe chovomerezeka cha mfundo 12 kwa Secretary Rice ndi Mlembi wa Chitetezo Robert Gates, chomwe chinangowonekera chifukwa cha kutayira kwa chingwe cha WikiLeaks mu 2010.
Pa February 1, 2008, mutu wa memo, makapu onse, sakanatha kumveka bwino: NYET ZIKUTANTHAUZA NYET: RUSSIA'S NATO ENLARGEMENT REDLINES.
Mosakayikira, a Burns adatsutsa kwambiri Nduna Yachilendo Sergey Lavrov ndi akuluakulu ena, akutsindika kuti Russia iwona kuwonjezeka kwa NATO kummawa ngati chiwopsezo cha asilikali. Ananenanso kuti kukulitsa kwa NATO, makamaka ku Ukraine, inali "nkhani yamalingaliro komanso yamisala" komanso nkhani yofunika kwambiri.
"Sikuti dziko la Russia likuwona kuzunguliridwa ndi kuyesetsa kusokoneza mphamvu za Russia m'derali, komanso likuwopa zotsatira zosayembekezereka komanso zosalamulirika zomwe zingasokoneze kwambiri chitetezo cha Russia. Akatswiri amatiuza kuti dziko la Russia likuda nkhawa kwambiri kuti magawano amphamvu ku Ukraine pa umembala wa NATO, ndi anthu ambiri a fuko la Russia motsutsana ndi mamembala, angayambitse kugawanika kwakukulu, kuphatikizapo chiwawa kapena nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Zikatero, dziko la Russia liyenera kusankha ngati lilowererapo—chigamulo chimene Russia sichikufuna kukumana nacho.”
Zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pambuyo pake, kuwukira kwa Maidan kochirikizidwa ndi United States kunayambitsa nkhondo yapachiweniweni yomwe akatswiri a ku Russia anali ataneneratu.
Burns adagwira mawu a Lavrov akunena kuti, ngakhale kuti mayiko ali ndi ufulu wodzipangira okha zisankho zokhudzana ndi chitetezo chawo komanso magulu a ndale ndi magulu ankhondo kuti alowe nawo, akuyenera kukumbukira zotsatira za oyandikana nawo, komanso kuti Russia ndi Ukraine zinali zomangidwa ndi mayiko awiriwa. zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa mu Pangano la Ubwenzi, Mgwirizano ndi Mgwirizano wa 1997, momwe mbali zonse ziwiri zidapanga "kupewa kutenga nawo mbali kapena kuthandizira chilichonse chomwe chingasokoneze chitetezo cha mbali inayo."
Burns adati kusuntha kwa Chiyukireniya kumadera akumadzulo kungawononge mgwirizano wamakampani achitetezo pakati pa Russia ndi Ukraine, kuphatikiza mafakitale angapo komwe zida zankhondo zaku Russia zidapangidwa, ndipo zitha kusokoneza anthu masauzande ambiri aku Ukraine omwe amakhala ndikugwira ntchito ku Russia komanso mosemphanitsa. Burns anagwira mawu Aleksandr Konovalov, Mtsogoleri wa Institute for Strategic Assessment, akulosera kuti zimenezi “zidzakhala nkhokwe yaukali ndi mkwiyo pakati pa anthu a m’deralo.”
Akuluakulu aku Russia adauza a Burns kuti kukulitsa kwa NATO kudzakhala ndi zotsatirapo mdera lonselo komanso ku Central ndi Western Europe, ndipo kungayambitsenso Russia kuti ibwererenso mapangano ake owongolera zida ndi Kumadzulo.
Pamsonkhano womwe Burns adakhala nawo ndi a Putin atangotsala pang'ono kusiya udindo wake ngati kazembe ku 2008, a Putin adamuchenjeza kuti "palibe mtsogoleri waku Russia yemwe angayime mosayang'ana panjira yopita ku NATO ku Ukraine. Kumeneko kungakhale kudana ndi Russia. Tichita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti tipewe izi. ”
Ngakhale machenjezo onsewa, olamulira a Bush adapitilirabe pa Msonkhano wa 2008 ku Bucharest. Chifukwa chotsutsa mayiko angapo aku Europe, tsiku loti akhale membala silinakhazikitsidwe, koma NATO idapereka mawu oyipa, akuti "tinagwirizana lero kuti Ukraine ndi Georgia akhale mamembala a NATO."
Burns sanali wokondwa. "M'njira zambiri, Bucharest idatisiya ndi zoyipitsitsa padziko lonse lapansi - kusangalatsa anthu aku Ukraine ndi aku Georgia akuyembekeza kukhala membala wa NATO komwe sitikanatha kupereka, kwinaku tikulimbitsa malingaliro a Putin kuti tidatsimikiza kuchita zomwe amawona kuti zilipo. kuopseza,” analemba motero.
Ngakhale kuti Ukraine idakali ndi chiyembekezo cholowa mu NATO, nduna yakale ya chitetezo ku Ukraine Oleksii Reznikov limati kuti Ukraine yakhala kale membala wa mgwirizano wa NATO womwe umalandira zida za NATO, maphunziro a NATO ndi mgwirizano wamagulu onse ankhondo ndi nzeru. Kugawana nzeru kumayendetsedwa ndi mkulu wa CIA mwiniwake, yemwe wakhala akuyenda uku ndi uku kukakumana ndi mnzake ku Ukraine.
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri luso la Burns kungakhale kupita ku Moscow kuti akathandize kukambirana za kutha kwa nkhondo yankhanza komanso yosagonjetseka. Kodi izi zingamupangitse kukhala wopepesa a Putin, kapena woyimira Mphotho ya Mtendere wa Nobel? Mukuganiza chiyani?
Medea Benjamin ndi Nicolas JS Davies ndi omwe adalemba Nkhondo ku Ukraine: Kumvetsetsa Mkangano Wopanda Nzeru, lofalitsidwa ndi OR Books mu Novembala 2022.
Medea Benjamin ndiye woyambitsa wa CODEPINK kwa Mtendere, ndi wolemba mabuku angapo, kuphatikizapo M'kati mwa Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Nicolas JS Davies ndi mtolankhani wodziyimira payokha, wofufuza wa CODEPINK komanso wolemba wa Mwazi M'manja Mwathu: Kubowola Kwa America ndi Kuwonongeka kwa Iraq.
