Ndi David Swanson, American Herald Tribune
Akatswili alembapo mfundo zogwilizana chitsanzo. Zomwe zimapangitsa dziko kukhala losavuta kulandidwa, kuukiridwa, "kulowerera," kapena mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuphulitsidwa, si kusowa kwake kwa demokalase kapena zolakwa za boma ndi nkhanza, kapena milandu ndi nkhanza za gulu lina lomwe si la boma, koma kukhala ndi mafuta. Komabe, pankhondo yatsopano iliyonse, timauzidwa kulingalira kuti iyi ndi yosiyana.
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., ayenera kuyamikiridwa chifukwa chosindikiza buku la nkhani mutu wakuti “Syria: Another Pipeline War. Lingaliro lomwelo loti "kuchita china" pa ISIS (chomwe, tiyeni tiyang'ane nazo, pakadali pano mu imperialization ya Republic of US kubomba mabombamafuta akhoza kukhudza anthu ambiri. Sindikunena kuti ndizomveka. Mabungwe aku US amatha kugula mafuta aku Middle East pamtengo womwewo popanda nkhondo zonse. United States ikapulumutsa mathililiyoni a madola ndi mamiliyoni a miyoyo mwanjira imeneyo. Kukanathanso kupeŵa kuwononga nyengo ya dziko lapansi, m’malo mwake, kusiya mafutawo pansi. Sindikunenanso kuti chifukwa dalaivala weniweni wankhondo zaku US ndi chilakolako chamisala chamafuta, zolakwa ndi nkhanza za ISIS kapena Assad kapena Russia kapena Iran kapena Saudi Arabia kapena Israel kapena Turkey kapena wina aliyense sizowona, kapena Zodetsa nkhawa zochepa kapena zodetsa nkhawa kuposa momwe amafunikira, kapena kuti kutsutsa kopanda chiwawa kwa Assad ku Syria sikunakhaleko, kapena kusagwirizana kulikonse. Komanso sindikukana kuti pali ogwira ntchito m'boma la US omwe ali ndi nkhawa zokhudzana ndi kuthandiza anthu, kungoti si ogwira ntchito omwe akwera pamwamba kwambiri moti aliyense adamvapo za iwo.
Senator Bernie Sanders akuyenera kuyamikiridwa chifukwa chobweretsa mobwerezabwereza kugwetsa koopsa kwa CIA mu 1953 ku Iran, 1954 ku Guatemala, ndi zina zambiri. Nanga bwanji za 1949 Syria? Kodi izi sizikuwerengera chifukwa Purezidenti waku US anali Democrat? Monga Iran ndi Vietnam ndi mayiko ena ambiri omwe United States yaukira, Syria idayesetsa kukhazikitsa demokalase mogwirizana ndi zolankhula za US. Koma demokalase yake sinali kuthandizira paipi yamafuta yomwe idapangidwa ndi US pakati pa Saudi Arabia ndi Lebanon. Chifukwa chake, CIA idagwetsa Purezidenti wa Syria ndikuyika wolamulira wankhanza.
Kufotokozera kumodzi kwachete pozungulira chochitikachi ndi momwe zidalepherera mwachangu. Anthu aku Syria adataya zidole zawo zaku US m'masabata 14. Boma la US lidakhala zaka 65 osaphunzira chilichonse kuchokera pazomwe zidachitikazi. Zakhala zaka zonsezi zikugwira ntchito ndikuthandizira olamulira ankhanza ku Middle East ndi omenyera nkhondo, kwinaku akukana malingaliro onse a Soviet kuti achoke m'derali kuti adzilamulire okha. Mu 1956, CIA idayesanso kulanda ku Syria, kupatsa zida ndikuthandizira asitikali achisilamu, koma sizinaphule kanthu. Kwa zaka zambiri, CIA idapitilizabe kuyesa - mwina mocheperako kuposa kuyesa kupha Fidel Castro, koma ndi zotulukapo zazikulu.
Mbiriyi ndi yofunika osati monga chitsogozo cha zomwe sayenera kuchita, komanso chifukwa anthu a ku Syria ndi dera amadziwa mbiriyi, choncho amawunikira momwe amaonera zochitika zamakono.
Wesley Clark akuti Syria inali pa mndandanda wa Pentagon wa maboma kuti agwetse mu 2001. Tony Blair akuti anali pa mndandanda wa Dick Cheney panthawiyo. Koma Syria inali kale pamndandandawu kwazaka zambiri. WikiLeaks yatidziwitsa kuti mu 2006, boma la US likugwira ntchito yoyambitsa nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku Syria. Ndipo sitisowa WikiLeaks pamene anthu ngati Senator John McCain akhala akunena poyera ndi mobwerezabwereza pa TV kuti Syria iyenera kugonjetsedwa kuti ifooketse Iran yomwe iyenera kugonjetsedwa. Koma WikiLeaks imatsimikizira kuti njira ya US inali yolimbikitsa Assad kuti awononge ulamuliro wake, komanso kuti US yakhala ikugwira Asilamu ku Syria kuyambira 2009 pamene Assad anakana payipi yochokera ku Qatar yomwe ikanapereka Europe ndi Middle. Kum'mawa osati ku Russia ziphe zowononga nyengo.
Pamuzu wa chinthu chatsopano cha US chogonjetsa Syria ndi, kachiwiri, chikhumbo choyendetsa pipeni ya mafuta kudutsa Syria. Mtima wa ndondomeko ya US wakhala, kachiwiri, kupereka zida ndi kuphunzitsa zigawenga zachisilamu. Zaka ziwiri tisanamve za ISIS, bungwe la US Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) linanena kuti "Salafist, Muslim Brotherhood ndi AQI (tsopano ISIS), ndi magulu akuluakulu omwe akuyendetsa zigawenga ku Syria. . . . Ngati zinthu zikupitilirabe, pali kuthekera kokhazikitsa ukulu wodziwika kapena wosaneneka wa a Salafist kum'mawa kwa Syria (Hasakah ndi Deir ez-Zor) ndipo izi ndi zomwe mabungwe othandizira otsutsa akufuna kuti akhazikitse boma la Syria. " Ichi ndichifukwa chake United States idakhala zaka zambiri ikulepheretsa zoyesayesa za UN zamtendere ku Syria, ndipo idachotsa pempho la 2012 lochokera ku Russia lamtendere ku Syria. Boma la US linali ndi maloto ogwetsa boma la Syria mwankhanza, ndipo lidawona kukwera kwa ISIS ngati mtengo woyenera kulipira.
Panali zolakwika mu dongosolo. Choyamba a British, ndi US, ndi anthu padziko lonse adanena kuti ayi kupha mabomba ku Syria mu 2013 mbali imodzi ndi al Qaeda. Kenako al Qaeda (ISIS) adatulutsa mavidiyo odula mutu omwe, monga adafunira, adalimbikitsa anthu aku America kuti ayambirenso nkhondo - motsutsana nawo osati nawo. ISIS idawona kuthekera kwake kwakukula kuti iwoneke ngati ikutsogolera Mdani ya United States, osati chida cha US chogwetsa kwina. Inapanga mavidiyo opempha United States kuti iwukire. Koma potero, silinapatule boma la Syria; m'malo mwake idagwirizanitsa dziko lapansi ndi boma la Syria. Boma la US lidayamba kukana kuti lidakumanapo ndi ISIS, kapena kudzudzula Saudi Arabia ndi Turkey chifukwa chothandizira ISIS (pochita zochepa kuti athetse chithandizocho).
Koma chiyambi cha ISIS sichikutsutsana kwenikweni. "ISI[S] ndi gulu lachindunji la al-Qaeda ku Iraq lomwe linakula chifukwa cha kuwukira kwathu," adavomereza Purezidenti Obama. Asitikali aku US adawononga Iraq ndikutha popanda kuchotsera zida zake zankhondo. Kenako idagawanitsa Iraq motsatira mipatuko ndikuzunza anthu kwazaka zambiri m'ndende zandende komwe adakwanitsa kukonza ndikukonza zobwezera. Asitikali aku US okhala ndi zida za Iraq, ndipo al Qaeda/ISIS adalanda zidazo. US idagonjetsa boma la Libya, ndipo zida zake zidafalikira kudera lonselo. Ndipo US omenyera zida ndi ophunzitsidwa omenyera Syria, akusewera mu Saudi Arabia chikhumbo kugwetsa ndipo tsopano chilakolako chake chatsopano chofuna kumenya nkhondo zambiri, komanso chikhumbo cha Turkey kuukira Kurds. Secretary of State John Kerry adavomereza ku Congress pa Seputembara 3, 2013, kuti Saudi Arabia idapereka chiwongola dzanja chankhondo yaku US ku Syria - zomwe zikumveka ngati masomphenya akunja a Bernie Sanders pomwe akukakamizika kupereka. M'malo mwake, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, ndi Qatar adathandizira ndalama zankhondo zaku US zankhondo zaku Syria kuphatikiza ISIS (maloto a Sanders a Saudi Arabia akuthandizira nkhondo. motsutsana ISIS). Pentagon idataya ndalama zokwana theka la biliyoni kukhala omenyera zida ndi kuphunzitsa, zomwe CIA idakhala ikuchita kwanthawi yayitali pamtengo wa mabiliyoni. Omenyera okhulupirika "anayi kapena asanu" anali zotsatira za Pentagon. Ena onse mwachiwonekere anali atasiya kukhala “akupha” ndi kukhala “akupha monyanyira”. Ndi angati adadzipangira zida ndi "kuphunzitsidwa" kangapo, monga anthu aku Afghan akhala ndi chizolowezi chochita, sitikudziwa.
Chifukwa chiyani anthu aku US anali okonzeka kulolera kupanga nkhondo zatsopano za US ku Iraq ndi Syria mu 2014-2015, atatsutsa mu 2013? Nthawi ino mdani wolengezedwayo sanali boma la Syria, koma zigawenga zowopsa kuposa al Qaeda, komanso zosagwirizana ndi al Qaeda, yotchedwa ISIS. Ndipo ISIS idawonetsedwa kuti ikudula khosi la anthu aku America pamavidiyo. Ndipo china chake chinazimitsa muubongo wa anthu ndipo anasiya kuganiza—kupatulapo pang’ono. Atolankhani ochepa adanenanso kuti boma la Iraq likuphulitsa Iraqi Sunnis kwenikweni likuyendetsa omaliza kuti athandizire ISIS. Ngakhale Newsweek adafalitsa chenjezo lodziwika bwino loti ISIS sikhala nthawi yayitali pokhapokha ngati United States itapulumutsa pophulitsa bomba. Matthew Hoh anachenjeza kuti kudulidwako ndi nyambo kuti asatengedwe.
Anthu ndi atolankhani adameza zonse, ndipo boma la US linatsala pang'ono kutsamwitsidwa. Iwo ankafuna kulowa nkhondo mbali imodzi ya ISIS. Tsopano inali ndi mwayi wotsutsana ndi ISIS. Idawona izi ngati njira yolowera mbali zonse ziwiri popereka mlandu kwa omenyera zida omwe angatsutse onse a ISIS ndi Assad, ngakhale omenyerawo kulibe.
Pofuna kuti nkhondo yatsopanoyi ikhale yolemekezeka, panabwera kufunika kopulumutsa anthu wamba omwe ali pamwamba pa phiri ndikudikirira imfa m'manja mwa ISIS. Nkhaniyi sinali yabodza ayi, koma tsatanetsatane wake anali wosamvetsetseka. Anthu ambiri adachoka paphirilo kapena kukana kuchoka m'phiri momwe amafunira kukhala, ntchito yopulumutsa ya US isanapangidwe. Ndipo US inkawoneka ngati ikuponya mabomba kwambiri ndi cholinga choteteza mafuta kusiyana ndi kuteteza anthu (kugunda kwa mpweya zinayi pafupi ndi phiri, zambiri pafupi ndi Erbil wolemera mafuta). Koma, kaya idathandizira anthu amenewo kapena ayi, nkhondo yaku US idapangidwa, ndipo okonzekera nkhondo sanayang'ane mmbuyo.
Dziko lapansi, loyimiridwa ku United Nations, silinachitepo kanthu ndipo silinavomereze nkhondoyi monga momwe adafunira chaka cham'mbuyomo, makamaka chifukwa bungwe la UN lidavomereza kuti anthu apulumutsidwe ku Libya mu 2011. ndikuwona kuti chilolezocho chikugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika komanso mwachangu kulungamitsa nkhondo yayikulu ndikugwetsa boma.
Kuphatikiza pa zokayikitsa zonena za anthu omwe akufunika kupulumutsidwa paphiri, United States idatulutsanso njira yakale yopulumutsira miyoyo ya US, yomwe ndi miyoyo ya anthu aku America m'tauni yothamangitsa mafuta ku Erbil, onse omwe akanatha kukhala. adakwera ndege imodzi ndikuwuluka komweko pakadafunikadi kuwapulumutsa.
Koma nkhani ina yonena za kuipa inali yabodza. Ngati anthu sanachite mantha mokwanira, a White House ndi Pentagon adapangadi gulu lachigawenga lomwe silinakhalepo, lomwe adalitcha Gulu la Khorasan, lomwe CBS News idatcha "chiwopsezo chaposachedwa kudziko la US." Ngakhale kuti ISIS inali yoipa kuposa al Qaeda ndi al Qaeda yoipa kuposa a Taliban, chilombo chatsopanochi chinawonetsedwa kuti ndi choipa kuposa ISIS ndikukonzekera kuphulika kwa ndege za US. Palibe umboni wa izi womwe unaperekedwa, kapena mwachiwonekere wofunidwa ndi "atolankhani." Opanga nkhondo m'modzi aku US adalowa munkhondo yatsopano, kutchulidwa konse kwa Gulu la Khorosan kunatha.
Ngati simunachite mantha mokwanira, ndipo ngati simunasamale mokwanira za anthu paphiri kuponya mabomba pa anthu m'chigwa, panalinso udindo wanu wokonda dziko lanu kuti mugonjetse "kulowererapo kutopa," komwe kazembe wa US ku United States. Mayiko a Samantha Power adayamba kulemba ndi kuyankhula, ndikuchenjeza kuti ngati titasamala kwambiri ndi malo ophulitsa mabomba monga Libya adawachitira ife tidzalephera kuthandizira kuphulika kwa malo atsopano monga Syria. Posakhalitsa, atolankhani aku US anali kuchititsa mikangano yomwe imachokera kukulimbikitsa kuyambitsa mtundu umodzi wankhondo mpaka kukalimbikitsa kuyambitsa nkhondo yosiyana pang'ono. Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting adapeza kuti kuphatikizidwa kwa alendo odana ndi nkhondo m'manyuzipepala akulu aku US kunali kusowa kwambiri pakumanga kwa nkhondo ya 2014 kuposa momwe zidaliri mu 2003 pokonzekera kuwukira kwa Iraq.
Chidwi cha US pankhondo ku Syria ndi Iraq kuyambira 2014 chatenga mawonekedwe atsopano otsutsana ndi Zoipa. Koma chidwi cha US pakugwetsa boma la Syria chakhalabe patsogolo komanso pakati, ngakhale masoka achitika ku Libya, Iraq, Afghanistan, ndi mayiko ena "omasulidwa". Monga mu nkhondo zina zonsezi, iyi ili ndi zida za US kumbali zonse, ndi zofuna za US kumbali zonse. Monga mu "nkhondo yachigawenga" yonse, nkhondoyi ikupanga uchigawenga wambiri ndikuwonjezera chidani chotsutsana ndi US, osati kuteteza United States, yomwe ISIS siili yoopsa kwambiri. Anthu ochulukirapo avulazidwa pamisonkhano ya a Donald Trump ndipo ophedwa ambiri ndi ndudu kapena magalimoto kuposa omwe adaphedwa ndi ISIS ku United States. Chomwe chimakopa anthu osokonezeka ku United States ndi dziko lonse lapansi ku ISIS, makamaka ndi zotsutsana US ikuukira ISIS.
Zolinga za US zikadakhala zothandiza anthu, zikanasiya kuyambitsa ziwawa, ndipo sizingakhale zida zankhondo ndi chipwirikiti cha maboma ankhanza padziko lonse lapansi kuphatikiza ku Middle East, mwina makamaka pompano Saudi Arabia, wogula wamkulu wa zida zaku US zomwe zimaphulitsa mabomba. anthu wamba ku Yemen pogwiritsa ntchito zida izi, amapha anthu ambiri kunyumba kuposa momwe ISIS ilili, komanso zomwe zathandizira uchigawenga ku United States.
Tim Clemente adauza Robert F. Kennedy Jr. kuti adawona kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa nkhondo ya 2003-nkhondo ku Iraq ndi nkhondo yaposachedwa kwambiri pa Syria: "mamiliyoni aamuna okalamba omwe akuthawa kunkhondo ku Europe m'malo mokhalabe kumenyera nkhondo. midzi yawo. Muli ndi gulu lankhondo loopsali ndipo onse akuthawa. Sindikumvetsa kuti mungakhale bwanji kuti amuna mamiliyoni ambiri achikulire athawe kunkhondo. Ku Iraq, kulimba mtima kunali kowawa kwambiri—ndinali ndi anzanga amene anakana kuchoka m’dzikolo ngakhale kuti ankadziŵa kuti adzafa. Amangokuuzani kuti ndi dziko langa, ndiyenera kukhala ndikumenya nkhondo, "adatero Clemente. Kulongosola koonekeratu n’kwakuti anthu odzisunga amtunduwo akuthawa nkhondo yomwe si nkhondo yawo. Amangofuna kuthawa kuphwanyidwa pakati pa nkhanza za Assad zaku Russia ndi nyundo yoyipa ya Jihadi Sunni yomwe [boma la US] lidathandizira nawo pankhondo yapadziko lonse yolimbana ndi mapaipi opikisana. Simungadzudzule anthu aku Syria chifukwa chosalandira kwambiri mapulani amtundu wawo wopangidwa ku Washington kapena Moscow. Maulamuliro apamwamba sanasiyire zosankha za tsogolo labwino lomwe Asuri apakati angalingalire kumenyera nkhondo. Ndipo palibe amene akufuna kufera payipi. ”
Kennedy akulingalira ngati sitepe yoyamba ya US kuthetsa vutoli: kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochokera ku Middle East. Ndingachite izi kuti: kusiya kudya mafuta. Kuyika Europe ku Middle East mafuta m'malo mwa mafuta aku Russia sikungogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ku US. Ndi za mpikisano ndi Russia. United States ikuyenera kupita yongowonjezedwanso komanso yokhazikika pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi malingaliro ake. Ili ndi ngongole ku Middle East kubwezera ndi thandizo pamlingo waukulu. Ili ndi chithandizo chapadziko lonse pakukula kwa mphamvu pamlingo waukulu. Ntchito zotere sizingawononge ndalama zambiri komanso mwanjira ina iliyonse kusiyana ndi kupitirizabe zankhondo zopanda phindu.
Izi sizichitika pokhapokha ngati anthu ataphunzira mbiri yakale, kuphatikizapo mbiri yakale ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, nthano zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukhulupirika kwa US ku bungwe la nkhondo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tidumphadumpha kwambiri kuposa zokambirana za mkangano wapulezidenti Lamlungu wapitawu wokhudza masukulu omwe ali ndi nkhungu ndi makoswe komanso kuwomberana anthu ambiri. Zimatanthawuza njira yolumikizirana yomwe mulibe malo ngati CNN. Tidzakonzanso zofalitsa zathu ndi masukulu athu, kapena tidzadziwononga tokha ndipo sitikudziwa momwe tachitira.
David Swanson ndiye mlembi wa War Is A Lie: Edition Yachiwiri, yosindikizidwa ndi Just World Books pa Epulo 5, 2016.
