Wolemba Robert Fantina, World BEYOND War, April 13, 2024
Kuthekera kwa nkhondo yokulirapo ku Middle East - chiwopsezo chokhazikika kuyambira pomwe Israeli idapha anthu aku Palestine ku Gaza Strip - ikukulirakulira. Israeli ataphulitsa kazembe wa Iran ku Damasiko (kuphwanya malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi), kupha atsogoleri akulu ankhondo aku Iran., United States ndi Israel ali tcheru, akuyembekezera kubwezera kosapeweka. Chifukwa chimene atsogoleri a mayiko awiriwa amakhulupirira kuti angathe kuphulitsa dziko lina lililonse mosasankha popanda kubwezera, n'zosatheka kumvetsa. Iran ichitapo kanthu kuti iteteze nzika zake.
Kodi izi zidzatsogolera kuti? Akuluakulu aku US nthawi zonse amalankhula za US 'ironclad' kudzipereka ku chitetezo cha Israeli. Chifukwa chake sizosamveka kulingalira kuthekera kwenikweni kwa asitikali aku US kutumizidwa ku Middle East kukamenyana ndi Iran, ndipo mwina Lebanon, Syria ndi Yemen, kuteteza tsankho, boma la Zionist.
Wina ayenera kufunsa: kodi izi ndizomwe asitikali aku US adasainira? Pakhala pali zolankhula zambiri, ndi mtengo wamaphunziro apamwamba ku US zakuthambo ndipo kupitirira kwa anthu ambiri, kukhala msilikali kungapereke ndalama zothandizira maphunziro pambuyo poti ntchitoyo ithe. Ndipo achinyamata ambiri omwe akuyesera kuthawa umphawi womwe wachuluka m'mizinda yamkati ku US akhoza kuona mwayi wophunzitsidwa usilikali ngati tikiti yawo yopita ku moyo wabwino. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa 'umphawi draft'; boma silifunikira kulowa usilikali ngati lingathe kusunga achinyamata ambiri opanda chiyembekezo cha moyo wabwino. Izi zikuwoneka kuti ndizo zambiri zomwe achinyamata ambiri adalembetsa; osati kufa chifukwa cha tsankho la Israeli.
Koma ena mwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi tsoka posachedwapa angadzipeze akulamulidwa kupha anthu omwe sakuwafunira zoipa, ndipo sangathe kuwavulaza ngakhale atatha. Adzakhala 'akuteteza' Israeli kwa omwe akuzunzidwa - Palestine - dziko lopanda asilikali, asilikali apanyanja kapena ndege, komanso lomwe latsekedwa ndi Israeli ndi pamtunda, mpweya ndi nyanja. Ayenera kuukira Palestine, kapena mwina Iran yokha, dziko lomwe US idayesa kuchita ziwanda ndikunyoza kwazaka zambiri. Kodi anthu aku Iran amadana ndi US? Ndithudi iwo amatero. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mu 1953. CIA idagwetsa boma losankhidwa mwa demokalase la Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh, ndikuyika Shah wankhanza waku Iran kukhala mfumu. Kwa zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi zotsatira adapondereza anthu aku Iran, mpaka adagonjetsedwa mu 1979, motsutsana ndi zofuna za United States. Kusintha kumeneku kunakhazikitsa Islamic Republic, yomwe US idatsutsa kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti Iran sinawononge dziko lina kuyambira 1798. US, ndithudi, sangathe kunena zomwezo.
Nanga bwanji za Syria, Lebanon ndi Yemen? Mayiko onse atatu amathandizira ufulu wa anthu aku Palestina, ndi Lebanon ndi Israel akhala akuponya ma roketi kwa wina ndi mzake m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo, ndi Yemen ikusokoneza kwambiri malonda pa Nyanja Yofiira monga kutsutsa kuphedwa kwa anthu a ku Gaza; izi zikusokoneza chuma cha Israeli. Kodi asitikali aku US adzatumizidwa kumayiko amenewo?
Kodi asitikali aku US alidi ofunitsitsa komanso akufunitsitsa kumenya nkhondo ndi anthu omwe sanapwetekepo kapena kuwopseza US mwanjira iliyonse? Iwo angadzilungamitse bwanji kutero. Mwina, wina anganene kuti, adzalamulidwa kutero. Komabe, izi zimanyalanyaza malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Webusaiti ya 'Human Rights First' imati: “Ogwira ntchito m’gulu la asilikali a United States amayenera kusamvera malamulo ophwanya malamulo. Monga mkulu wopuma pantchito wa Marine Corps a John Allen posachedwapa anati: "Tikalumbira kuti tichirikiza ndi kuteteza Malamulo Oyendetsera Dziko ... chimodzi mwa izo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti sitimvera malamulo oletsedwa." Pomwe Uniform Code of Military Justice ikufuna kumvera yololedwa malamulo a mkulu wotumidwa, izo mofanana amafuna kusamvera pamene lamulo loperekedwa Zoletsedwa. "[1] Webusaiti yomweyi inanenanso kuti: “Makhoti a m’mayiko osiyanasiyana komanso a m’dzikolo ali ndi mbiri yoti anthu amene akugwira ntchitoyo ndi olakwa. Pamene anthu akale a chipani cha Nazi ananena kuti amangotsatira zimene analamula, chitetezo chimenechi chinakanidwa mosapita m’mbali pa mlandu wa ku Nuremberg.”[2]
Aaron Bushnell, membala wazaka za 25 wa US Air Force, adadziwotcha kunja kwa ambassy wa Israeli ku Washington, DC pa February 25, 2024. Wina membala wa US Air Force, Larry Herbert, pakali pano ali panjala, kunena kuti ngati ana a Gaza sangathe kudya (akufa ndi njala ndi Israeli ndi US), ndiye kuti iyenso sadzadya. A Bushnell adalipira moyo wawo chifukwa cha ziwonetsero zake, ndipo ndizotheka kuti a Herbert nawonso atero. Ndithudi, awa si anthu awiri okha, okhazikika m'gulu lankhondo la US omwe amayang'ana kupyola mabodza aku US kuti awone zowona.
Yakwana nthawi yoti asitikali aku US aime kumbali ya ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, ndikukana kuchita nawo ziwawa zakunja. Pankhondo ya ku United States yolimbana ndi anthu a ku Vietnam, Colonel Robert Heinl ananena zotsatirazi m’nkhani ya m’nyuzipepala ya ‘Armed Forces Journal’ kuti: “Makhalidwe abwino, mwambo, ndiponso kuyenerera kunkhondo kwa asilikali a US n’ngochepa chabe, koma n’zoipa kwambiri. kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse m’zaka za zana lino ndipo mwinanso m’mbiri ya United States.
"Mwachidziwitso chilichonse, gulu lathu lankhondo lomwe lidakali ku Vietnam likuyandikira kugwa, pomwe magulu omwe akupewa kapena kukana kumenya nawo nkhondo, kupha maofesala awo ndi asitikali omwe sanatumizidwe, omwe ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso okhumudwa pomwe sali pafupi ndi zigawenga."[3]
Panthawi ya Gulf War, pa August 16, 1991, Marine Cpl. Jeff Paterson adachita msonkhano wa atolankhani pomwe adati: "'Sindidzakhala wogwirizira ku America kuti apeze phindu ndi mafuta ku Middles East…' Patadutsa milungu iwiri, Jeff adalamulidwa kukwera ndege yonyamula asitikali yopita ku Saudi Arabia. ….Pamene Jeff adadumphadumpha, kulimbana kudayamba, ndipo adakakamizika kubwerera pamzere. Dongosolo litabwezeretsedwa kwakanthawi, Jeff anakhala pansi pa phula. Atakana malamulo onse otsatira, anamangidwa ndi kupita naye ku Pearl Harbor Brig.”[4]
Izi sizikutanthauza kapena kuvomereza kuphedwa kwa apolisi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo; komanso sizikutanthauza kuti kukana zida zankhondo zaku US ndikosavuta. Koma mbiri imasonyeza kuti kukana kwa asilikali kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri. Sangakhale nkhondo ngati 'ankhondo' akana kutenga nawo mbali.
Yakwana nthawi yoti asitikali aku US, ndi asitikali amtundu uliwonse, atenge kaimidwe koyenera pankhani zachilungamo, ufulu wachibadwidwe komanso malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Israel ndi United States sagwirizana ndi mfundo zitatuzi, zomwe ziyenera kukhala mfundo zotsogola zamtundu uliwonse padziko lapansi. Mayiko enanso, amene akupitiriza kutumiza zida zankhondo kwa Israyeli, amanyoza mfundo zimenezi. Popeza atsogoleri a boma sangamvetsere kwa anthu omwe akuwaganizira kuti akuimira ndi kuwatumikira, zochita zawo zopanda chilungamo zomwe zimaphwanya ufulu wa anthu ndi malamulo a mayiko akhoza kuletsedwa ndi anthu omwe amawatuma kuti awaphwanye: asilikali. Pokana kumenya nkhondo za US ku Israeli - nkhondo zomwe zidzathandizidwa mamembala a Congress omwe amagulidwa ndikulipiridwa ndi ma pro-Israel lobbies - asilikali ochokera ku United States ndi mayiko ena akhoza kuthetsa kupha anthu, ndikupangitsa kuti anthu a ku Middle East azikhala mwamtendere. Zitha kuchitika; koma anthu amene amamenyadi nkhondozo ndiwo amene angabweretse mtendere umenewu mwa kukana kutenga nawo mbali. Yakwana nthawi yoti aime kumbali yoyenera ya mbiri yakale.
[1] https://humanrightsfirst.org/library/fact-sheet-following-orders-is-no-defense-to-war-crimes-the-duty-to-disobey-illegal-military-orders/
[2] Ibid.
[3] The Columbia Encyclopedia, 2004. Anti-Vietnam War Movement. Kope lachisanu ndi chimodzi, p. 2307.
[4] Jeff Paterson: Wotsutsa Woyamba Wankhondo ku Gulf War; http://jeff.paterson.net/pdf/jp_rsueme.pdf
