Kusuntha kwa NATO ku Finland Kusiya Ena Kupitilira "Helsinki Spirit"

Purezidenti wa ku Finnish amalandira Mphoto ya Nobel Peace mu 2008. Photo Credit: Nobel Prize

Wolemba Medea Benjamin ndi Nicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, April 11, 2023

Pa Epulo 4, 2023, Finland idakhala membala wa 31 wamgwirizano wankhondo wa NATO. Malire a 830-mile pakati pa Finland ndi Russia tsopano ndi malire atali kwambiri pakati pa dziko la NATO ndi Russia, malire Norway, Latvia, Estonia, ndi madera ang'onoang'ono a malire a Polish ndi Lithuanian kumene amazungulira Kaliningrad.

Pankhani ya nkhondo yosazizira kwambiri pakati pa United States, NATO ndi Russia, malire aliwonsewa ndi malo owopsa omwe angayambitse vuto latsopano, kapena nkhondo yapadziko lonse. Koma kusiyana kwakukulu ndi malire a Finnish ndikuti amabwera mkati mwa mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 100 kuchokera ku Severomorsk, komwe kuli Russia. Northern Fleet ndipo 13 mwa zombo zake 23 zokhala ndi zida za nyukiliya ndizokhazikitsidwa. Izi zitha kukhala pomwe Nkhondo Yachitatu Yapadziko Lonse idzayambira, ngati siinayambe ku Ukraine.

Ku Europe lero, Switzerland, Austria, Ireland ndi mayiko ena ang'onoang'ono okha ndi omwe atsala kunja kwa NATO. Kwa zaka 75, dziko la Finland linali chitsanzo chabwino cha kusaloŵerera m’zandale, koma silinachotsedwe usilikali. Monga Switzerland, ili ndi malo akuluakulu lankhondo, ndipo achinyamata aku Finn akuyenera kuchita maphunziro a usilikali kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi akakwanitsa zaka 18. Asilikali ake omwe ali ndi mphamvu komanso osungirako asilikali amapanga 4% ya anthu - poyerekeza ndi 0.6% yokha ku US - ndipo 83% ya Finns amati adzachita nawo nkhondo yolimbana ndi zida ngati dziko la Finland lidzalandidwa.

Ndi 20 mpaka 30% yokha ya anthu aku Finn omwe adathandizira kale kujowina NATO, pomwe ambiri akhala akuchirikiza monyadira mfundo yake yosalowerera ndale. Chakumapeto kwa 2021, waku Finland maganizo kuyeza chithandizo chodziwika bwino cha umembala wa NATO pa 26%. Koma pambuyo pa kuwukira kwa Russia ku Ukraine mu February 2022, izi adalumphira mpaka 60% mkati mwa milungu ingapo ndipo, pofika Novembala 2022, 78% ya Finns idatero anathandiza kugwirizana ndi NATO.

Monga ku United States ndi mayiko ena a NATO, atsogoleri a ndale ku Finland akhala akuthandizira NATO kuposa anthu wamba. Ngakhale kuti anthu akhala akuthandiza anthu kwa nthawi yaitali kuti asatengere mbali, dziko la Finland linagwirizana ndi NATO Partnership for Peace pulogalamu mu 1997. Boma lake linatumiza asilikali a 200 ku Afghanistan monga gawo la bungwe la UN-lovomerezeka la International Security Assistance Force pambuyo pa nkhondo ya 2001 ya US, ndipo iwo anakhalabe kumeneko pambuyo poti NATO inatenga ulamuliro wa asilikaliwa mu 2003. Asilikali aku Finnish sanachoke ku Afghanistan mpaka onse akumadzulo. Asitikali adachoka mu 2021, ankhondo aku 2,500 aku Finnish ndi akuluakulu ankhondo 140 atatumizidwa kumeneko, ndipo awiri aku Finnish adatumizidwa. anaphedwa.

A December 2022 review Ntchito ya Finland ku Afghanistan ndi bungwe la Finnish Institute of International Affairs linapeza kuti asilikali a ku Finland "adachita nawo nkhondo mobwerezabwereza monga gawo la asilikali omwe tsopano anali kutsogoleredwa ndi NATO ndipo adakhala nawo pankhondoyi," komanso kuti cholinga cha Finland. "Kukhazikitsa bata ndi kuthandizira Afghanistan kuti ipititse patsogolo mtendere ndi chitetezo padziko lonse lapansi" idakulirakulira ndi "chikhumbo chake chosunga ndi kulimbikitsa ubale wake ndi US ndi mabungwe ena apadziko lonse lapansi, komanso kuyesetsa kukulitsa mgwirizano wake ndi NATO. .”

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, monga maiko ena ang'onoang'ono ogwirizana ndi NATO, Finland sinathe, mkati mwa nkhondo yomwe ikukulirakulira, kutsata zofunikira zake ndi zikhalidwe zake, ndipo m'malo mwake analola chikhumbo chake "kukulitsa mgwirizano wake" ndi United States ndi NATO kuti apitirize kuchitapo kanthu. khalani patsogolo pa cholinga chake choyambirira choyesa kuthandiza anthu aku Afghanistan kuti abwezeretse mtendere ndi bata. Chifukwa cha zinthu zosokoneza komanso zotsutsanazi, magulu ankhondo aku Finnish adakopeka ndi kukwera kwamphamvu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowononga zomwe zakhala zikuwonetsa zochitika zankhondo zaku US pankhondo zake zaposachedwa.

Monga membala watsopano wa NATO, Finland idzakhala yopanda mphamvu monga momwe zinalili ku Afghanistan kuti zikhudze kukwera kwa nkhondo ya NATO ndi Russia. Finland idzapeza kuti chisankho chake chomvetsa chisoni chosiya ndondomeko yosalowerera ndale yomwe inabweretsa zaka za 75 zamtendere ndikuyang'ana ku NATO kuti itetezedwe idzasiya, monga Ukraine, poyera poyera kutsogolo kwa nkhondo yochokera ku Moscow, Washington ndi Brussels kuti. sichingapambane, kapena kuthetsa paokha, kapena kuletsa kukula mu Nkhondo Yachitatu Yadziko Lonse.

Kupambana kwa Finland ngati dziko lademokalase losalowerera ndale komanso laufulu panthawi komanso kuyambira Nkhondo Yozizira kwapanga chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino chomwe anthu amakhulupilira kwambiri atsogoleri ndi oimira awo kuposa anthu a m'maiko ambiri akumadzulo, komanso osakayikira nzeru za zisankho zawo. Chifukwa chake kusagwirizana kwa gulu la ndale kuti alowe nawo ku NATO pambuyo pa kuwukira kwa Russia ku Ukraine kudakumana ndi zotsutsa pang'ono. Mu Meyi 2022, nyumba yamalamulo yaku Finland ovomerezeka kujowina NATO ndi mavoti ochuluka a 188 kwa asanu ndi atatu.

Koma ndichifukwa chiyani atsogoleri andale ku Finland akhala akufunitsitsa "kulimbikitsa ubale wawo wakunja ndi chitetezo ndi US ndi mayiko ena," monga lipoti la Finland ku Afghanistan linanena? Monga dziko lodziyimira pawokha, losalowerera ndale, koma lankhondo zamphamvu, Finland ikukwaniritsa kale cholinga cha NATO chogwiritsa ntchito 2% ya GDP yake pankhondo. Ilinso ndi bizinesi yayikulu yankhondo, yomwe imapanga zombo zake zamakono zankhondo, zida zankhondo, mfuti ndi zida zina.

Umembala wa NATO udzaphatikiza zida zankhondo zaku Finland mumsika wopindulitsa wa zida za NATO, kulimbikitsa kugulitsa zida zankhondo zaku Finnish, komanso kupereka mwayi wogula zida zaposachedwa za US ndi zida zake zankhondo komanso kugwirira ntchito limodzi zida zankhondo ndi makampani akuluakulu a NATO. mayiko. Ndi ndalama zankhondo za NATO zikuchulukirachulukira, komanso zikuchulukirachulukira, boma la Finland likukumana ndi zovuta zochokera kumakampani ankhondo ndi zofuna zina. M'malo mwake, malo ake ang'onoang'ono ankhondo ndi mafakitale safuna kusiyidwa.

Kuyambira pomwe idayamba kulowa mu NATO, Finland yakhala kale odzipereka $10 biliyoni kugula zida zankhondo zaku America za F-35 kuti zilowe m'malo mwa magulu ake atatu a F-18s. Yakhala ikutenganso zopempha za zida zatsopano zodzitetezera, ndipo akuti ikuyesera kusankha pakati pa Indian-Israeli Barak 8 pamwamba-to-air missile system ndi US-Israel David's Sling system, yomangidwa ndi Raphael wa Israeli ndi Raytheon waku US.

Lamulo la ku Finnish limaletsa dzikolo kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya kapena kuzilola kuti zilowe mdzikolo, mosiyana ndi mayiko asanu a NATO omwe amasunga. katundu Zida za nyukiliya za US pa nthaka yawo - Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland ndi Turkey. Koma dziko la Finland lidapereka zikalata zolowa nawo ku NATO popanda kupatulapo zomwe Denmark ndi Norway zalimbikira kuti ziwalole kuletsa zida za nyukiliya. Izi zimasiya nyukiliya ya Finland kukhala yapadera zosokoneza, ngakhale Purezidenti Sauli Niinistö a lonjezo kuti "Finland ilibe cholinga chobweretsa zida zanyukiliya m'nthaka yathu."

Kusakambirana za zotsatira za Finland kulowa nawo mgwirizano wankhondo wa nyukiliya kukuvutitsa, ndipo kwakhala kukuchitika. amati kuti alowe m'malo mopupuluma panthawi ya nkhondo ya ku Ukraine, komanso chikhalidwe cha Finland chodalira kwambiri boma la dziko lawo.

Mwina chomvetsa chisoni kwambiri ndi chakuti umembala wa Finland mu NATO ndi chizindikiro cha kutha kwa chikhalidwe chochititsa chidwi cha dzikoli monga mtendere wapadziko lonse. Purezidenti wakale wa Finland Urho Kekkonen, ndi wokonza mapulani wa mfundo ya mgwirizano ndi oyandikana Soviet Union ndi ngwazi ya mtendere padziko lonse, anathandiza luso Helsinki Accords, pangano mbiri yasainidwa mu 1975 ndi United States, Soviet Union, Canada ndi dziko lililonse European (kupatula Albania) kusintha detente pakati pa Soviet Union ndi West.

Purezidenti waku Finnish Martti Ahtisaari adapitiliza mwambo wokhazikitsa mtendere ndipo anali amaitcha Nobel Peace Prize mu 2008 chifukwa choyesetsa kuthetsa mikangano yapadziko lonse kuchokera ku Namibia kupita ku Aceh ku Indonesia kupita ku Kosovo (yomwe idaphulitsidwa ndi NATO).

Polankhula ku UN mu Seputembara 2021, Purezidenti waku Finland Sauli Niinistö adawoneka kuti ali ndi chidwi chotsatira cholowachi. "Kufunitsitsa kwa adani ndi opikisana nawo kuti achite nawo zokambirana, kulimbikitsa chikhulupiriro, ndi kufunafuna zipembedzo wamba - chimenecho chinali chiyambi cha Mzimu wa Helsinki. Ndi mzimu woterewu womwe dziko lonse lapansi, komanso bungwe la United Nations, likufunika mwachangu," adatero anati. "Ndili wotsimikiza kuti tikamalankhula zambiri za Mzimu wa Helsinki, m'pamene timayandikira kuuwutsanso - ndikuupangitsa kuti ukhale wowona."

Zachidziwikire, chinali chisankho cha Russia cholanda Ukraine chomwe chidapangitsa Finland kusiya "Helsinki Spirit" kuti alowe nawo ku NATO. Koma ngati dziko la Finland likadakana kukakamizidwa kuti lithamangire kukhala membala wa NATO, m'malo mwake likhoza kulowa nawo "Peace Club” yopangidwa ndi Purezidenti waku Brazil Lula kuti ayambitsenso zokambirana zothetsa nkhondo ku Ukraine. Zachisoni ku Finland ndi dziko lapansi, zikuwoneka ngati Mzimu wa Helsinki uyenera kupita patsogolo-popanda Helsinki.

Medea Benjamin ndi Nicolas JS Davies ndi omwe adalemba Nkhondo ku Ukraine: Kumvetsetsa Mkangano Wopanda Nzeru, lofalitsidwa ndi OR Books mu Novembala 2022.

Medea Benjamin ndiye woyambitsa wa CODEPINK kwa Mtendere, ndi wolemba mabuku angapo, kuphatikizapo M'kati mwa Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Nicolas JS Davies ndi mtolankhani wodziyimira payekha, wofufuza ndi CODEPINK komanso wolemba wa Mwazi M'manja Mwathu: Kubowola Kwa America ndi Kuwonongeka kwa Iraq.