Ndi Norman Solomon, World BEYOND War, April 11, 2023
M’mawu oŵerengeka chabe—“awo amene amalamulira zinthu zamakono, amalamulira zakale ndi amene amalamulira zam’mbuyo ndi amene amalamulira zam’tsogolo” — George Orwell anafotokoza mwachidule chifukwa chake nkhani za mbiri yakale zingakhale zofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira pomwe helikopita idanyamuka padenga la kazembe wa US ku Saigon pa Epulo 30, 1975, tanthauzo lakale la Nkhondo yaku Vietnam yakhala nkhani yotsutsana kwambiri.
Kuzungulira kwakukulu kwakhala kodetsa nkhawa komanso kuwirikiza kawiri. Jimmy Carter anati: “Tinapita ku Vietnam popanda kufuna kulanda malo kapena kukakamira zofuna za anthu aku America. analengeza atangolowa mu White House kumayambiriro kwa 1977. “Tinapita kumeneko kukateteza ufulu wa anthu a ku South Vietnam. M'zaka khumi zotsatira, apurezidenti adalamula kuti asitikali aku America alowererepo pang'onopang'ono, pomwe zomvekazo zinali zabwino. Ronald Reagan analamula kuti 1983 iwononge Grenada, ndipo George HW Bush analamula kuti 1989 iwononge Panama.
Kumayambiriro kwa 1991, Purezidenti Bush adalengeza mopambana kuti kusafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zankhondo za US pambuyo pa nkhondo ya Vietnam kunathetsedwa. Kukondwera kwake kudabwera pambuyo pa nkhondo yapamlengalenga ya milungu isanu yomwe idathandizira Pentagon kupha kupitilira apo Anthu 100,000 aku Iraq. "Ndi tsiku lonyadira ku America," Bush anati. "Ndipo, mwa Mulungu, tathetsa matenda a Vietnam kwamuyaya."
Zaka makumi awiri pambuyo pake - popereka zomwe White House idatcha "Zonena za Purezidenti pa Mwambo Wokumbukira 50th Anniversary of the Vietnam War" - Barack Obama sananene nkomwe kuti nkhondo ya US ku Vietnam idachokera pachinyengo. Kulankhula mu May 2012, atatha kupitilira katatu chiwerengero cha asilikali a US ku Afghanistan, Obama anati: "Tiyeni titsimikize kuti tisaiwale mtengo wa nkhondo, kuphatikizapo imfa yowopsya ya anthu wamba osalakwa - osati ku Vietnam kokha, koma pankhondo zonse."
Patapita nthawi, Obama molimba mtima ankadzinenera: “Tikamenya nkhondo, timachita zimenezi kuti tidziteteze chifukwa n’kofunika.”
Mabodza amenewa ndi osiyana ndi zomwe Daniel Ellsberg wakhala akuwunikira kwa zaka zoposa makumi asanu. Iye limati ponena za Nkhondo ya ku Vietnam: “Sikuti tinali kumbali yolakwika; tinali mbali yolakwika.”
Mawonekedwe ngati amenewa samveka kapena kuwerengedwa kawirikawiri m'ma TV aku US. Ndipo ponseponse, malo ogulitsira nkhani amakonda kungonena za Ellsberg ngati munthu wodziwika bwino. Chosavomerezeka kwambiri ndi Daniel Ellsberg yemwe, kuyambira kumapeto kwa nkhondo ya Vietnam, adamangidwa pafupifupi kakhumi chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi zida za nyukiliya ndi mbali zina zankhondo.
Atagwira ntchito mkati mwa makina ankhondo aku US, Ellsberg adakhala wamkulu kwambiri kuti atuluke - molimba mtima akuponya mchenga m'magiya ake poulula Pentagon Mapepala achinsinsi kwambiri, pachiwopsezo chokhala m'ndende moyo wake wonse. Kafukufuku wamasamba 7,000 adawulula mabodza okhudza mfundo za US ku Vietnam zomwe zidanenedwa ndi apurezidenti anayi otsatizana. Pazaka 52 kuyambira pamenepo, Ellsberg wakhala akupereka chidziwitso chofunikira komanso kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwazifukwa zankhondo zaku US. Ndipo iye waika maganizo ake pa zimene iwo kwenikweni amatanthauza mwa mawu a anthu.
Ellsberg adafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane m'buku lake lodziwika bwino la 2017 The Doomsday Machine, chomwe chili choyipa kwambiri: Gulu lankhondo lazankhondo ndi mafakitale akukana kuvomereza, osasiyapo kuchepetsa, misala yankhondo yomwe ikupita kunkhondo yanyukiliya.
Kuthandiza kupewa nkhondo ya nyukiliya kwakhala kutanganidwa kwambiri ndi moyo wachikulire wa Ellsberg. Mu The Doomsday Machine - yotchedwa "Confessions of a Nuclear War Planner" - amagawana zidziwitso zapadera kuchokera ku ntchito ya tsiku lachiweruzo ngati munthu wamkati ndikugwira ntchito kuti asokoneze dongosolo la doomsday ngati mlendo.
Kuchuluka kwa chidwi cha atolankhani ku Ellsberg kudabwera chifukwa chotuluka anthu ena oimba mluzu. Mu 2010, US Army Private Chelsea Manning anamangidwa chifukwa chotulutsa zikalata zambiri zomwe zimawulula mabodza osawerengeka komanso milandu yankhondo. Zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, yemwe kale anali wogwira ntchito ku National Security Agency, a Edward Snowden, adalengeza poyera umboni wa kuwunika kwakukulu ndi Big Brother ya digito yokhala ndi malingaliro odabwitsa.
Pofika nthawiyo, Ellsberg monga woimba mluzu wa Pentagon Papers anali atakwera pang'ono kulemekezedwa pakati pa omasuka ambiri atolankhani ndi ena okondwa kupereka zabwino za kuyimba mluzu ku nthawi ya nkhondo ya Vietnam. Koma Ellsberg anakana motsimikiza kuti "Ellsberg good, Snowden bad" paradigm, yomwe idakopa okhulupirira ena odziwika bwino (monga Malcolm Gladwell, yemwe adalemba buku lachidziwitso). chidutswa cha New Yorker kusiyanitsa ziwiri). Ellsberg wakhala akuthandizira mwamphamvu Snowden, Manning ndi oimba mluzu ena "chitetezo cha dziko" nthawi iliyonse.
Ellsberg adawululidwa mu a kalata yapagulu Kumayambiriro kwa Marichi kuti adapezeka ndi khansa ya kapamba, ali ndi chiyembekezo cha miyezi itatu mpaka isanu ndi umodzi kuti akhale ndi moyo. Tsopano, kumapeto kwa moyo wake, akupitiriza kulankhula mwachangu, makamaka za kufunikira kwa zokambirana zenizeni pakati pa US ndi Russia, komanso US ndi China, kuti athetse nkhondo ya nyukiliya.
Zoyankhulana zambiri zaposachedwa zimayikidwa tsamba la Ellsberg. Ellsberg amakhalabe wotanganidwa kuyankhula ndi atolankhani komanso magulu omenyera ufulu. Lamlungu lapitali, wochita bwino komanso wolankhula momveka bwino monga kale, adalankhula pamtsinje kanema mothandizidwa ndi Progressive Democrats of America.
Omenyera ufulu wa Grassroots akukonzekera dziko Daniel Ellsberg Sabata, April 24-30, "sabata la maphunziro ndi zochita," zomwe Ellsberg Initiative for Peace and Democracy, yomwe ili ku yunivesite ya Massachusetts ku Amherst, ikuthandizira ndi RootsAction Education Fund (komwe ndine mtsogoleri wa dziko lonse). . Mutu waukulu ndi “kukondwerera ntchito ya moyo wa a Daniel Ellsberg, kuchitapo kanthu pochirikiza oyimbira mbiri ndi obweretsa mtendere, ndi kupempha maboma ndi maboma m’dziko lonselo kuti alemekeze mzimu wovuta kunena zoona ndi sabata yachikumbutso.”
Ziribe kanthu momwe omenyera nkhondo omwe adakalipo adayesapo kusiya Daniel Ellsberg m'mbuyomu, adalimbikira kukhalapo - ali ndi chidziwitso chochuluka, luntha lodabwitsa, chifundo chakuya ndi kudzipereka kukana kopanda chiwawa - machitidwe ovuta a kupha anthu ambiri omwe amapita ndi mayina ena.
________________________________
Norman Solomon ndi director of RootsAction.org komanso wamkulu wa Institute for Public Accuracy. Iye ndi mlembi wa mabuku khumi ndi awiri kuphatikiza War Made Easy. Bukhu lake lotsatira, War Made Invisible: Momwe America Imabisira Anthu Kuwonongeka Kwa Gulu Lake Lankhondo, idzasindikizidwa mu June 2023 ndi The New Press.
