Wolemba ndi Marc Eliot Stein, pa 10 Ogasiti 2020

Posachedwa ndidayitanidwa kuti ndikalankhule ku msonkhano wokulirapo wa Extinction Rebellion ku New York City World BEYOND War. Chochitikacho chinapangidwira kuti aphatikize magulu atatu ochitapo kanthu: Othandizira kusintha kwa nyengo, ogwiritsa ntchito zamakompyuta, komanso othandizira nkhondo. Tinayamba ndi nkhani yolimbikitsa yochokera kwa wolimbikitsa kusintha nyengo nyengo Ha Vu, yemwe adauza gulu la anthu ku New Yorkers za zomwe takumana nazo zomwe sitinakhalepo nazo: kubwerera kunyumba kwa banja lake ku Hanoi, Vietnam, komwe kutentha kwakukulu zapangitsa kale kuyenda kosatheka kutuluka panthawiyi. Ndi Achimereka ochepa omwe amadziwa za Tsoka lowonongeka kwamadzi mu 2016 ku Ha Tinh m'chigawo chapakati cha Vietnam. Nthawi zambiri timalankhula za kusintha kwa nyengo ngati vuto lomwe lingakhalepo ku USA, Ha adatsimikiza, koma ku Vietnam amatha kuwona kale akusokoneza moyo ndi njira zothandizira, ndikukula kwambiri.

Nick Mottern wa KnowDrones.org adalankhulanso mwachangu zofananira zakubwezeretsa kwaposachedwa kwambiri kwa asitikali aku US muukadaulo wamtsogolo ndi makina amtambo - ndikugogomezera zomwe asitikaliwo aganiza kuti kutumizidwa kwa machitidwe a AI pakuwongolera zida za zida za nyukiliya komanso nkhondo za drone kungabweretse zolakwika zazikulu zosayembekezereka. William Beckler wa Extinction Rebellion NYC yotsatiridwa ndikufotokozera mfundo zomwe bungwe lofunika komanso lomwe likukula mwachangu limagwira, kuphatikiza zosokoneza zomwe zapangidwa kuti zidziwitse kufunikira kwakusintha kwanyengo. Tinamva kuchokera kwa woimira New York City wa Mgwirizano wa Tech Workers, ndipo ndidayesetsa kuyambitsa msonkhano kuti ndikhale ndi mwayi wolimbikitsa mwakuyankhula za zaukadaulo zaukadaulo zomwe zachitika bwino mosayembekezereka.

Izi zinali m'mwezi wa Epulo 2018, pomwe anthu omwe amawatcha kuti "chitetezo makampani" anali kufunafuna za Ma Maven, gulu lankhondo latsopano la US lomwe likulengezedwa kwambiri kuti likhale ndi luso lochita kupanga zida zamagetsi ndi zida zina. Google, Amazon ndi Microsoft zonse zimapereka mapulaneti olipira kasitomala kolipira, ndipo Google idawonedwa ngati wopambana pa mgwirizano wa asitikali a Project Maven.

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2018, ogwira ntchito ku Google adayamba kuyankhula. Sanamvetsetse chifukwa chomwe kampani yomwe idawalemba ngati antchito ndi lumbiro la "Musamachite Zoyipa" inali itangoyang'anira ntchito zankhondo zomwe zikuwoneka ngati zoopsa za "Black Mirror" momwe agalu opanga ma AI opangira magetsi amapangira anthu zolengedwa kufikira imfa. Adalankhulanso pa TV komanso pa TV. Adalinganiza zochita ndikuzunguliza zopempha kuti amveke.

Kupanduka kumeneku ndi komwe kunayambira gulu la Google Workers Rebellion, ndipo kunathandizanso kuti akatswiri ena ogwira ntchito zamakina azigwiritsa ntchito. Koma chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri chazowonetseratu mkati mwa Google kutsutsana ndi Project Maven sichinali kuti ogwira ntchito zamakono anali kuyankhula. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndichakuti Kuwongolera kwa Google kunapereka zofuna za antchito.

Patatha zaka ziwiri, izi zimandidabwitsabe. Ndawonapo zovuta zambiri pazikhalidwe zanga ngati wogwira ntchito zamakina, koma sindinawone kampani yayikulu ikamavomereza kuthana ndi mavuto azikhalidwe m'njira yofunika kwambiri. Zotsatira za kupanduka kwa Google motsutsana ndi Project Maven chinali kufalitsa kwa mfundo za AI zomwe zikuyenera kusindikizidwatu kwathunthu:

Luso Lopanga pa Google: Mfundo Zathu

Google imafunitsitsa kuti ipange matekinoloje omwe amathetsa mavuto ofunikira ndikuthandizira anthu pamoyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku. Tili ndi chiyembekezo cha kuthekera kodabwitsa kwa AI ndi matekinoloje ena apamwamba kupatsa mphamvu anthu, kupindulitsa kwambiri mibadwo yamakono ndi yamtsogolo, ndikuthandizira zabwino zofananira.

Zolinga za ntchito za AI

Tidzayesa ntchito za AI poganizira zolinga izi. Tikhulupirira kuti AI iyenera:

1. Khalani opindulitsa.

Kufikira kokulirapo kwa matekinoloje atsopano kumakhudza anthu onse. Kupita patsogolo mu AI kudzakhala ndi zovuta pakusintha pamitundu yambiri, kuphatikizapo zaumoyo, chitetezo, mphamvu, zoyendera, kupanga, ndi zosangalatsa. Pamene tilingalira za kutukuka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje a AI, tiganizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zazachuma, ndipo tidzapita pomwe tikukhulupirira kuti mapindu onsewo amapindulitsa kwambiri kuposa zoopsa zomwe zikuwoneka kale.

AI imakulitsanso kuthekera kwathu kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la zomwe zili pamlingo. Tidzayesetsa kupanga chidziwitso chapamwamba komanso cholondola pogwiritsa ntchito AI, kwinaku tikupitilizabe kulemekeza chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe, ndi malamulo m'maiko omwe timagwira. Ndipo tidzapitiliza kuwunika mozama nthawi yanji kuti zopanga zathu zamakono zizipezeka pamsika wosagulitsa.

2. Pewani kupanga kapena kulimbikitsa kukondera kopanda chilungamo.

Ma aligorms a AI ndi ma database akhoza kuwonetsa, kulimbikitsa, kapena kuchepetsa kusakondera. Tivomereza kuti kusiyanitsa chilungamo ndi tsankho losakhala bwino sikophweka nthawi zonse, ndipo kumasiyana m'mitundu ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Tidzayesetsa kupewa zipsinjo zopanda chilungamo kwa anthu, makamaka okhudzana ndi zinthu zoopsa monga mtundu, fuko, jenda, dziko, ndalama, malingaliro, zogonana, kuthekera, komanso chikhulupiriro cha ndale kapena chipembedzo.

3. Khalani omangidwa ndikuyesedwa kuti mudziteteze.

Tipitiliza kukulitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo champhamvu ndi chitetezo kuti tipewe zotsatira zosakonzekera zomwe zimayambitsa zoopsa. Tipanga machitidwe athu a AI kuti akhale ochenjera moyenera, ndikuyesetsa kuti titukule motsatira machitidwe abwino mufukufuku wa chitetezo cha AI. Mwazoyenera, timayesa matekinoloje a AI m'malo ovuta ndikuwunika momwe ntchito yawo itayendera.

4. Muzikhala ndi mlandu kwa anthu.

Tipanga machitidwe a AI omwe amapereka mwayi woyankha, malongosoledwe oyenera, komanso apilo. Tekinoloje yathu ya AI idzakhala yoyang'aniridwa ndi kuwongolera koyenera kwa anthu ndi kuwongolera.

5. Kuphatikiza mfundo zachinsinsi zachinsinsi.

Tidzaphatikiza mfundo zathu zachinsinsi pantchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje athu a AI. Tipereka mwayi wazidziwitso ndi kuvomereza, kulimbikitsa mamangidwe ake ndi chitetezo chazinsinsi, ndikupereka kuwonekera koyenera ndikuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito deta.

6. Kukweza miyezo yapamwamba yasayansi.

Kupangidwa kwaukadaulo kwamizika munjira ya sayansi ndikudzipereka kuti munthu afunsidwe, okhazikika panzeru, umphumphu, ndi mgwirizano. Zida za AI zili ndi kuthekera kotsegula magawo atsopano a kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi chidziwitso mu magawo ovuta monga biology, chemistry, mankhwala, ndi sayansi yazachilengedwe. Timalakalaka miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri yasayansi pamene tikuyesetsa kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha AI.

Tigwira ntchito limodzi ndi omwe akutenga nawo mbali kupititsa patsogolo utsogoleri woganizira bwino m'derali, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosasunthika komanso zasayansi. Ndipo tidzagawana moyenera chidziwitso cha AI posindikiza zida zophunzitsira, njira zabwino, ndi kafukufuku zomwe zimathandiza kuti anthu ambiri apange mapulogalamu othandiza a AI.

7. Apezeke kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito mogwirizana ndi mfundo izi.

Maukadaulo ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito zingapo. Tidzagwira ntchito yochepetsa ntchito zomwe zingakhale zovulaza kapena zankhanza. Pamene tikupanga ndi kufalitsa matekinoloje a AI, tiwunika momwe angagwiritsire ntchito poyerekeza izi:

• Cholinga ndi ntchito: cholinga choyambirira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, kuphatikiza momwe yankho limayenderana kapena kugwiritsidwira ntchito poyipa
• Zachilengedwe komanso mawonekedwe: ngakhale tikupanga ukadaulo wopezeka mwapadera kapena wopezeka kawirikawiri
• Scale: ngati kugwiritsa ntchito ukadauloyu kungakhale ndi tanthauzo lalikulu
• Mkhalidwe wakhudzidwa ndi Google: kaya tikupereka zida zofunikira-zonse, kuphatikiza zida za makasitomala, kapena kupanga njira zothetsera

Ntchito za AI zomwe sitidzachita

Kuphatikiza pazolinga zomwe tafotokozazi, sitipanga kapena kuponya AI m'magawo otsatirawa:

1. Matekinoloje omwe amayambitsa kapena akuyenera kuyambitsa kuvulaza kwathunthu. Pomwe pali zoopsa zakuthupi, tidzapita pokhapokha pomwe timakhulupirira kuti mapinduwo amapitilira chiwopsezo, ndipo tidzakhala ndi zotetezera zoyenera.
2. Zida kapena matekinoloje omwe cholinga chawo chachikulu kapena kukhazikitsa kwake ndikupangitsa kapena kutsogolera kuvulaza anthu.
3. Maukadaulo omwe amasonkhanitsa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chofufuza zomwe zikuphwanya miyambo yovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi.
4. Maukadaulo omwe cholinga chawo chimasemphana ndi mfundo zovomerezeka za malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi ndi ufulu wa anthu.

Zomwe tikuwona m'derali zikukula, mndandandandawu ungasinthe.

Kutsiliza

Tikhulupirira kuti mfundo izi ndiye maziko oyenera a kampani yathu komanso tsogolo lathu la AI. Tivomereza kuti malowa ndi amphamvu komanso akuchitika, ndipo tidzafika kuntchito yathu modzichepetsa, odzipereka ku zochitika zamkati ndi zakunja, komanso kukhala ofunitsitsa kusintha momwe timaphunzirira pakapita nthawi.

Zotsatira zabwinozi sizimachotsa ntchito zaukadaulo za Google kuti zisasakanikirane pamagawo ena osiyanasiyana, monga kuthandiza ICE, apolisi ndi zochitika zina zankhondo, kuwonjezera ndikugulitsa zidziwitso za anthu, kubisa ziganizo zotsutsana pa zotsatira zakusaka Chofunika kwambiri ndikulola ogwiritsa ntchito kuti apitirize kuyankhula pa izi ndi zina popanda kuthamangitsidwa. Gulu loukira ogwira ntchito la Google limagwirabe ntchito komanso kuchita zambiri.

Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuzindikira momwe gulu la ogwira ntchito ku Google lidakhudzira. Izi zidadziwika bwino atayamba zionetsero za Google: mabungwe oyendetsa malonda a Pentagon adasiya kutulutsa zatsopano zokhudza Project Maven yomwe inali yosangalatsa, pamapeto pake "ndikusowa" pulojekitiyi chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwa anthu komwe idafuna. M'malo mwake, njira yatsopano komanso yayikulu yakukonzekereratu idayamba kutuluka mwaumbuli wa Pentagon Bungwe la Defense Innovation Board.

Izi zimatchedwa Ntchito JEDI, dzina latsopano la ndalama za Pentagon pazida zankhondo. Project JEDI imawononga ndalama zochulukirapo kuposa Project Maven, koma mbiri pagulu latsopanoli (inde, gulu lankhondo la US likuwononga ndalama zambiri ya nthawi komanso chidwi chodziwika bwino pa malonda ndi malonda) zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi zoyambazo. Zithunzi zonse zonyozeka komanso zachigololo za "Black Mirror" zinali zitapita. Tsopano, m'malo mongogogomeza zoopsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma AI owonetsedwa ndi cinematic a AI awonongeke kwa anthu, Pulojekiti JEDI idadziwonetsa kuti ndi njira yofunika kwambiri kuti igwire bwino ntchito, kuphatikiza nkhokwe zingapo zamtambo kuti zithandizire "omenyera nkhondo" (mawu omwe Pentagon amakonda kwambiri ogwira ntchito kutsogolo) ndi magulu othandizira kumbuyo Komwe Project Maven idapangidwa kuti ikhale yosangalatsa komanso yamtsogolo, Project JEDI idapangidwa kuti ikhale yanzeru komanso yothandiza.

Palibe chanzeru kapena chothandiza pamtengo wamtengo wa Project JEDI. Ndilo mgwirizano wawukulu wankhondo wapamwamba kwambiri m'mbiri yapadziko lonse: $ 10.5 biliyoni. Maso athu ambiri amasangalala tikamamva za kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe asayansi amagwiritsa ntchito, ndipo timatha kudumpha kusiyana kwamamiliyoni ndi mabiliyoni. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kukula kwa Projekiti JEDI yayikulu kuposa pulogalamu iliyonse yapitayi ya Pentagon. Ndiwosintha masewera, injini yopanga chuma, cheke chopanda phindu pakulipira msonkho.

Zimathandizira kukopa pansi pazofalitsa zaboma poyesa kumvetsetsa ndalama zomwe asirikali awononga ndalama zazikulu ngati $ 10.5 biliyoni. Zambiri zitha kupezeka m'mabuku ankhondo, monga zosokoneza Ogasiti 2019 kukambirana ndi Joint Artificial Intelligence Center Lieutenant General Jack Shanahan, munthu wofunikira pa Project Maven yomwe idasowa komanso Project yatsopano ya JEDI. Ndinatha kumvetsetsa zambiri momwe ammakampani ochita zodzitchinjiriza amaganizira za Project JEDI pomvera podcast ya mafakitale "Ntchito 38: Tsogolo la Mgwirizano wa Boma". Alendo Podcast nthawi zambiri amalankhula mosabisa mawu komanso mopanda manyazi pamutu uliwonse womwe akukambirana. "Anthu ambiri adzagula madamu osambira chaka chino" zinali zomwe amacheza pa podcast za Project JEDI. Tikukhulupirira kuti adzakhala.

Pano pali chinthu chodabwitsa chomwe chimalumikizana ndi mfundo za Google za AI. Omwe adatsogola atatu pamgwirizano waukulu wa JEDI $ 10.5 biliyoni akadakhala Google, Amazon ndi Microsoft - mwanjira imeneyi, kutengera kutchuka kwawo ngati opanga AI. Chifukwa cha antchito omwe amatsutsana ndi Project Maven mu 2018, mtsogoleri wa AI Google sanaganizire za Project JEDI yayikulu kwambiri ku 2019. Chakumapeto kwa 2019, adalengezedwa kuti mgwirizano wapita ku Microsoft. Nkhani zambiri zidatsatiridwa, koma kufotokozera kumeneku kumayang'ana makamaka pamkangano wapakati pa Amazon ndi Microsoft, komanso kuti malo achitatu Microsoft mwina idaloledwa kugunda malo achiwiri a Amazon kuti apambane chifukwa cha nkhondo zomwe a Trump akuchita ndi Washington Post, yomwe ili ndi a Jeff Bezos a Amazon. Amazon ikupita kukhothi kukamenya mphatso ya Pentagon ya $ 3 biliyoni kwa Microsoft, ndipo Oracle nawonso akuyimba mlandu. Ndemanga zapadera za Project 2 podcast zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa - "Anthu ambiri akugula maiwe osambira chaka chino" - sizinangotanthauza chuma chokha cha Microsoft komanso maloya onse omwe azichita nawo milanduyi. Titha kupanga lingaliro lophunzirira kuti zopitilira 10.5% ya Project JEDI's $ 38 biliyoni ipita kwa maloya. Tsoka ilo sitingagwiritse ntchito kuti tithandizire kuthetsa njala padziko lonse m'malo mwake.

Kutsutsana kwakuti kusamutsidwa kwa okhometsa misonkho kwa makontrakitala ankhondo kuyenera kupindulira Microsoft, Amazon kapena Oracle yakhala ikulamulira nkhani za Project JEDI. Uthenga wabwino womwe uyenera kutengedwa kuchokera kumalumikizidwe onyansawa - kuti Google idachoka pangano lalikulu kwambiri lankhondo lankhondo m'mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha ziwonetsero za ogwira ntchito - sichikupezeka pakufalitsa nkhani za Project JEDI. 

Ichi ndichifukwa chake kunali kofunikira kuuza nkhaniyi kwa omenyera ufulu wotsogola omwe adasonkhana mchipinda chodzaza ndi anthu ku Manhattan sabata yatha kuti akambirane za momwe tingapulumutsire dziko lathuli, momwe tingalimbanirane ndi disinformation ndi ndale za sayansi ya nyengo. momwe titha kuyimilira mphamvu yayikulu yopanga zida zamafuta ndi zida zothandizira zida. Mchipinda chocheperachi, tonse tinkawoneka kuti timamvetsetsa zovuta zomwe tinali nazo, ndipo gawo lofunikira lomwe ife eni tomwe tiyenera kuchita. Gulu la akatswiri ali ndi mphamvu zambiri. Monga momwe kugulitsira kwakamavuto kumatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwenikweni, kugalukira kwa akatswiri paukadaulo kumatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwenikweni. Pali njira zambiri zothandizira kusintha nyengo, akatswiri olimbana ndiukadaulo ogwira ntchito zachiwawa komanso othandizira nkhondo atha kuyamba kugwira ntchito limodzi, ndipo tidzakhala tikuchita mwanjira iliyonse yomwe tingathe.

Tidakhala ndi chiyembekezo cha msonkhano uno, motsogozedwa ndi Kupandukira Kupandukira NYC ndi Dziko Lili Lopanda Kudikira. Gulu ili likula - liyenera kukula. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osokoneza bongo ndizomwe owonetsa zanyengo asintha. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mopyola muyezo mafuta ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pantchito zankhanza zaku US komanso zoyipa zoyipa zomwe zachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa asitikali aku US. Zowonadi, asitikali aku US akuwoneka kuti ali woipitsitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kodi ogwira ntchito zamakina amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zathu pokonzekera zachigonjetso kwambiri kuposa zomwe Google yachotsa pa Project JEDI? Titha ndipo tiyenera. Msonkhano watha wa New York City sabata yatha unali njira yaying'ono kupita patsogolo. Tiyenera kuchita zambiri, ndipo tiyenera kupereka chionetsero chathu chophatikizika chilichonse chomwe tili nacho.

Marc Eliot Stein ndi director of technology and social media for World BEYOND War.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Gregory Schwedock.