Wolemekezeka Woyenera Justin Trudeau
Prime Minister waku Canada
Ofesi ya Prime Minister
Msewu wa 80 Wellington Ottawa,
PA K1A 0A2
June 22, 2020
Wokondedwa Prime Minister Trudeau:
Monga wopulumuka ku Hiroshima, ndidalemekezedwa kuti ndilandire limodzi Nobel Peace Prize mu 2017 m'malo mwa International Campaign to Aolish Nuclear Weapons. Ndi kuyandikira kwa zaka 75 za kuphulika kwa ma atomiki ku Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki pa Ogasiti 6 ndi 9, ndalemba kwa atsogoleri onse a maboma padziko lonse lapansi, ndikuwapempha kuti avomereze Pangano la UN pa Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, ndipo ndifunsa yemweyo boma lathu.
Nditakwatirana ndi mwamuna wanga, James Thurlow, ndikusamukira ku Canada koyamba mu 1955, nthawi zambiri ndimadzifunsa kuti Canada idachita chiyani pomanga mabomba atomu omwe adapangitsa, pakutha kwa chaka cha 1945, kuphedwa kwa anthu oposa 140,000 ku Hiroshima, 70,000 ku Nagasaki komanso kuwonongeka koopsa komanso kuvulala komwe ndidadzionera ndekha ngati mtsikana wazaka khumi ndi zitatu. Zinalidi gehena padziko lapansi.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti mutha kufunsa mmodzi wa omwe akuthandizani kuti aunike pepalali, "Canada ndi Atom Bomb" ndikufotokozerani zomwe zili patsamba lanu.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za chikalatachi ndi zakuti Canada, United States ndi United Kingdom - monga ankhondo munthawi yankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse - sizinangophatikiza zida zawo zapamanja zokha. Canada idachitanso nawo gawo mwachindunji pa Manhattan Project yomwe idapanga mabomba a atomu a uranium ndi plutonium omwe adagwa ku Japan. Izi zikugwira ntchito kwambiri pandende ya Canada komanso yaboma.
Purezidenti Mackenzie King atalandira Purezidenti Roosevelt ndi Prime Minister waku Britain Winston Churchill ku Quebec City mu Ogasiti 1943, ndipo adasaina Pangano la Quebec lachitukuko cholumikizana ndi bomba la atomu, Mgwirizano - m'mawu a Mackenzie King - "adapanganso Canada kuchita nawo zachitukuko. ”
Pazaka 75 zapakati pa bomba la Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki pa Ogasiti 6 ndi 9, ndikupempha mwaulemu kuti muvomereze kuti dziko la Canada likuchita nawo zomwe zimaponyedwa pamabomba awiri atomiki ndipo liperekeni chodandaula m'malo mwa Boma la Canada chifukwa chachikulu. kufa ndi kuvutika komwe kunayambitsidwa ndi bomba la atomu lomwe linawonongeratu mizinda iwiri ya Japan.
Kulowa nawo m'boma la Canada (ofotokozedwa papepala lofunsidwa) lomwe lili ndi:
Mtumiki wamphamvu kwambiri wa a Mackenzie King, CD Howe, Nduna ya Munitions ndi Supply, adayimira Canada pa Komiti Yophatikiza Ndondomeko yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kuti igwirizane ndi mgwirizano wa United States, United Kingdom ndi Canada kuti apange bomba la atomu.
-CJ Mackenzie, Purezidenti wa National Research Council of Canada, adayimira Canada pamakomiti azaukadaulo omwe anakhazikitsidwa ndi Komiti Yophatikiza Ndondomeko Yogwirizanitsa ntchito za asayansi akugwira ntchito za Canada ndi anzawo ku United States.
- National Research Council of Canada idapanga ndikumanga ma nyukiliya ku Montreal Laboratory ndi ku Chalk River, Ontario, kuyambira 1942 ndi 1944, ndipo adatumizira zomwe awapeza asayansi ku Manhattan Project.
—Eldorado Gold Mines Limited inayamba kupereka ma uranium ore kuchokera mgodi wake ku Great Bear Lake ku Northwest Territories kwa asayansi aku Britain komanso asayansi aku America omwe amafufuza zamankhwala a nyukiliya ku yunivesite ya Columbia ku New York mu Okutobala 1939.
-Pamene Enrico Fermi adakwanitsa kupanga zida zanyukiliya zoyambirira padziko lapansi ku yunivesite ya Chicago pa Disembala 2, 1942, adagwiritsa ntchito uranian uranium waku Eldorado.
-Malangizo a CJ Mackenzie ndi CD Howe, chinsinsi mu Council mu Julayi 15, 1942, adagawa $ 4,900,000 [$ 75,500,000 2020 mu madola XNUMX] kuti Boma la Canada ligule malo okwanira a Eldorado kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino kampani.
—Eldorado anasaina mgwirizano ndi Manhattan Project mu Julayi ndi Disembala 1942 pamatoni 350 a uranium ore kenako matani 500 owonjezerapo.
- Boma la Canada lidatulutsa Eldorado Mining and Refining Limited mu Januware 1944 ndikusintha kampaniyo kukhala Crown Corporation kuti iteteze uranian waku Canada kuti Manhattan Project. CD Howe inanena kuti "boma likuyendetsa boma la Eldorado Mining and smelting Company ndi gawo la pulogalamu yopititsa patsogolo atomu [bomba]."
-Mafuta a Eldorado ku Port Hope, Ontario, anali malo okha oyeretsa ku North America omwe amatha kuyeretsa miyala ya uranium kuchokera ku Belgian Congo, kuchuluka komwe (pamodzi ndi uranium wa ku Canada) kunagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga bomba la atom la Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki.
-Malangizo a CD Howe, The Consolidated Mining and smelting Company ku Trail, BC idasainirana mapangano ndi Manhattan Project mu Novembala 1942 kuti lipange madzi ambiri kuti zida zanyukiliya zizitulutsa plutonium.
— Monga a General Leslie Groves, wamkulu wa asitikali a Manhattan Project, adalemba m'mbiri yake yotchedwa Now It Can Told, "padali pafupifupi asayansi a Canada aku Projekitiyi."
Prime Minister Mackenzie King atauzidwa pa Ogasiti 6, 1945 kuti bomba lomwe linali atayiponya lidaponyedwera Hiroshima, adalemba mu buku lake. "Tsopano tikuwona zomwe mwina zikanabwera ku mpikisano waku Britain ngati asayansi aku Germany awina mpikisanowu." bomba]. Ndizabwino kuti kugwiritsa ntchito bomba lomwe linali pa Japan kukadakhala kuti kuli kwa mitundu yoyera ya ku Europe. "
Mu Ogasiti 1998, nthumwi zochokera ku Deline, NWT, zikuyimira osaka a Dene komanso achifwamba olemba ntchito a Eldorado kuti anyamule matumba a radioanium uranium ore kumbuyo kwawo kuti akanyamulire kukakonza mafuta a ku Eldorado ku Port Hope kupita ku Hiroshima ndikuwonetsa kudandaula chifukwa chosazindikira udindo wopanga bomba la atomu. Ambiri a Dene nawonso adamwalira ndi khansa chifukwa chokhala ndi uranium ore, kusiya Deline mudzi wamasiye.
Zowonadi, Boma la Canada liyenera kupanga lokha kuvomereza kuti Canada ikuthandizira kupanga mabomu a atomu omwe anawononga Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki. Anthu aku Canada ali ndi ufulu wodziwa momwe boma lathu latengera nawo gawo la Manhattan Project yomwe idapanga zida zanyukiliya zoyambirira padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuyambira mu 1988, pomwe Prime Minister Brian Mulroney adapepesa mwalamulo m'nyumba ya Commons kuti anthu achi Japan-Canada azichitika pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, boma la Canada lavomereza ndikupepesa chifukwa cha zolakwika zakale zingapo. Izi zinaphatikizapo kupepesa ku bungwe la United Nations koyambirira kwa sukulu yaku Canada yomwe idalekanitsa ana ang'ono ndi mabanja awo ndikuyesetsa kuwalanda zilankhulo ndi chikhalidwe.
Prime Minister Mulroney anapepesa chifukwa chaku Italy kuti "alendo mdani" pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Prime Minister a Stephen Harper anapepesa Mnyumbayi chifukwa cha msonkho wamutu waku China woperekedwa kwa osamukira ku China pakati pa 1885 ndi 1923.
Inunso mwazindikira ndipo mwapepesa Mnyumbamo chifukwa cha Komagata Maru pomwe sitima yonyamula anthu ochokera ku India idaletsedwa kufika ku Vancouver mu 1914. Y
anapepesanso m'Nyumba ya Prime Minister Mackenzie King mu 1939 kukana pempho lochokera kwa Ayuda oposa 900 omwe anathawa a Nazi atakwera sitima ya St. Louis, 254 omwe adamwalira ndi Nazi atakakamizidwa kuti abwerere ku Germany .
Munapepesanso ku Nyumba Yanyumba chifukwa cha tsankho lomwe boma linapereka kwa atsikana omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna komanso akazi amzati wina ku Canada.
A Eldorado adayika chikhomo cha simenti pamalo omwe panali mgodi wa Port Radium chomwe chidalembedwa kuti, "Mgodi uwu udatsegulidwanso mu 1942 kuti upereke uranium ku Manhattan Project (yopanga bomba la atomiki)." Koma kudziwitsidwa ndi anthu aku Canada zakomwe dziko lathu likuchita nawo kuphulika kwa bomba la atomiki ku Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki kwatha konse kuzimiririka tonsefe.
Abambo anu, a Prime Minister a Pierre Trudeau, molimba mtima adabweretsa kuti zida zanyukiliya zaku America zichitike ku Canada. Ndinapezeka pa msonkhano wapadera wa UN General Assembly pa Disarmament pa Meyi 26, 1978 pomwe, mwanjira yatsopano yochotsera zida zankhondo, analimbikitsa "njira yodzitetezera" ngati njira yoletsa ndi kubwezeretsa mpikisano wa zida zanyukiliya pakati pa United States. ndi Soviet Union.
Anati: "Chifukwa chake sitili dziko loyamba padziko lapansi lokha kupanga zida za zida za nyukiliya zomwe sizinasankhe," akutinso, "ndife dziko loyamba lokhala ndi zida za nyukiliya kuti lasankha kuponya zida zanyukiliya. ” Ndinachita chidwi kwambiri komanso ndinasangalala ndi zomwe ananena ku UN Disarmament Session, motero ndikukhulupirira kuti kulimba mtima kwake kudzapangitsa kuti zida zanyukiliya zichepe.
Pamene United States ndi Russia zilengeza njira zowopsa kwambiri zoperekera zida zanyukiliya komanso makina azida zawo - ndi malingaliro aku US akuyambiranso kuyesa kwa zida za nyukiliya - mawu atsopano okhudzana ndi zida za nyukiliya akufunika mwachangu.
Munatsimikiza kuti Canada yabwerera m'mayiko akunja. Chikumbutso cha 75 cha bomba lomwe ataphulitsa atomu a Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki pa Ogasiti 6 ndi 9 ingakhale mphindi yoyenera kuvomereza gawo lofunikira kwambiri la Canada pakupanga zida zanyukiliya, kunena mawu odandaula pa imfa ndi kuzunzika komwe adabweretsa ku Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki , komanso kulengeza kuti Canada ivomereza Chigwirizano cha UN pa Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.
Wanu mowona mtima,
Setsuko Thurlow
CM, MSW
