Kuyimitsa Moto ndi Nkhondo mu Nkhondo ya Russia-Ukraine Idzatenga Nthawi Yotalikirapo Kuposa Imene Timafunira

Tamara Lorenz, Ann Wright, Krista Bluesmith

Wolemba Colonel (Ret) Ann Wright, World BEYOND War, June 13, 2023

Kukambitsirana, kuleka kumenyana, kumenyera zida zankhondo ndi mapangano amtendere ndi akale monga nkhondo zenizeni.

Nkhondo iliyonse imatha ndi mtundu wina wa iwo.

Nkhondo zakhala zikuphunziridwa mosalekeza, koma maphunziro a mmene tingathere nkhondo nthaŵi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa ndi amene akuchititsa nkhondo zaposachedwa kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Kuti aletse kuphana mu mkangano wa Russia ndi Ukraine, anthu achikumbumtima ayenera kuchita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti zokambirana zothetsa nkhondo zitheke - ndipo ndicho chinali cholinga cha Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse Wamtendere ku Ukraine womwe unachitikira ku Vienna, Austria, June 10-11, 2023.  Anthu oposa 300 ochokera m’mayiko 32 anapezekapo ndipo anachita nawo msonkhanowo pulogalamu yamphamvu kukambirana za momwe angakhazikitsire mikhalidwe yothetsa nkhondo ndipo pamapeto pake mgwirizano woletsa kupha. Mawebusayiti a International Peace Bureau and the Peace in Ukraine summit adabedwa tsiku lotsatira msonkhanowo koma akuyenera kuchitika posachedwa.

Mbiri Yakale Iwulula Kuti Zokambirana za Kuthetsa Moto, Armistice ndi Mtendere zimatenga nthawi yayitali

Ngati mbiri ndi yotitsogolera, zokambirana zamtendere zidzatenga masabata, miyezi, kapena zaka, kuti Ukraine ndi ogwirizana nawo agwirizane pa njira yokambirana-ndipo nthawi yayitali kuti agwirizane ndi Russia pambuyo poyambira.

Ngakhale maphwando onse, Ukraine, Russia, US / NATO, angavomereze zokambirana mawa, ndipo ngati zokambiranazo zipambana, zikhoza kukhala miyezi kapena zaka kupha kusanathe. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zokambirana ziyenera kuyamba TSOPANO!

Mbiri imatipatsa chidziwitso chofunikira pazokambirana pankhondo komanso zomwe tingayembekezere kuthetsa ziwawa zapadziko lonse lapansi masiku ano.

Zokambirana za Mtendere ku Korea Peninsula ndi Viet Nam

Pankhani ya armistice Korea potsiriza anasaina zaka 70 zapitazo pa July 27, 1953, 575 misonkhano pakati Korea North, China, US ndi Korea South anafunika pa zaka ziwiri kuchokera 1951 kuti 1953 kutsiriza pafupifupi 40 masamba a mgwirizano. M'zaka ziwirizo, mamiliyoni aku Korea, 500,000 aku China ndi 35,000 aku US ndi makumi masauzande a asitikali a UN Command adaphedwa.

Zaka khumi ndi zisanu pambuyo pake, oimira US ndi North Vietnamese adakumana ku Paris pa Meyi 10, 1968 kuti ayambe kukambirana zamtendere, nthawi yoyamba kukambirana kuchokera m'mayiko onsewa anakumana maso ndi maso. Kukambitsirana kovomerezeka kunatsegulidwa patatha masiku atatu, koma nthawi yomweyo idayima.

Zaka zisanu pambuyo pa msonkhano wa 1968, pa January 27, 1973, “Pangano Lothetsa Nkhondo ndi Kubwezeretsa Mtendere mu Vietnam,” lodziŵika mwanjira ina kuti Paris Peace Accords, linasainidwa ndi Democratic Republic of Vietnam, Republic of Vietnam, Bungwe Loyang’anira. Boma la Revolutionary (Viet Cong), ndi United States.

Mgwirizano wa Paris Peace Accords unathetsa mwalamulo kutengapo gawo kwa US kunkhondo ya Vietnam, ngakhale kuti asitikali ambiri aku US sakanachoka mpaka Ogasiti 1973 ndipo nkhondo yapakati pa North ndi South Vietnam idapitilira mpaka pa Epulo 30, 1975, pomwe akasinja ankhondo aku North Vietnamese Army (NVA) adadutsa. chipata cha Nyumba ya Pulezidenti ku Saigon, South Vietnam kuthetsa nkhondoyo. Mamiliyoni aku Vietnamese ndi masauzande ankhondo aku US adaphedwa pazaka zakukambirana.

Tikudziwa zambiri zotsogolera zokambirana kuti athetse nkhondo yaku US ku Viet Nam.

mu zolankhula pawailesi yakanema pa Marichi 31,1968, XNUMX Purezidenti Johnson adalengeza kuti "anatenga sitepe yoyamba kuti athetse mkangano" poletsa kuphulika kwa mabomba ku North Vietnam (kupatula kumadera omwe ali pafupi ndi DMZ) komanso kuti United States inali yokonzeka kutumiza oimira ku bwalo lililonse kuti athetse kukambirana. nkhondo.

Johnson adatsatira chilengezochi ndi nkhani zodabwitsa kuti sakufuna kusankhidwanso chaka chimenecho.

Patatha masiku atatu Hanoi adalengeza kuti ali wokonzeka kuyankhula ndi aku America. Zokambirana zidayamba ku Paris pa Meyi 13 koma sizinayende. Hanoi adanenetsa kuti, zokambirana zisanayambe, United States iyenera kuyimitsa kuphulika kwa mabomba ku Vietnam.

Komabe, kumenyana koopsa kunapitirizabe. Lamulo lalikulu la kumpoto kwa Vietnam linatsatira kuukira kwa Tet ndi mafunde ena awiri mu May ndi August 1968. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, General General wa US Westmoreland analamula akuluakulu ake kuti "azikakamiza kwambiri" magulu a chikomyunizimu ku South, omwe amakhulupirira kuti anali ovuta kwambiri. kufooka ndi zotayika zawo pa Tet. Zotsatira zake zinali kumenyana koopsa kwambiri pankhondoyo.

M'milungu isanu ndi itatu itatha kulankhula kwa Johnson, anthu 3,700 aku America anaphedwa ku Vietnam ndipo 18,000 anavulala. Likulu la Westmoreland, lomwe linali lodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matupi, linanena kuti anthu 43,000 aku North Vietnam ndi Viet Cong aphedwa. Kutayika kwa asitikali aku South Vietnamese (ARVN) sikunalembedwe, koma nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa kwa asitikali aku US.

Atapambana masankho a 1968, Purezidenti Nixon, ndi Mlangizi wake wa National Security a Henry Kissinger, adaganiza zotsata kuukira kwa Tet ndi kampeni ya "kupanikizika kwakukulu" ndikuwonjezera kuphulika kwa bomba ku US ku North Viet Nam ndi Cambodia komwe kunapha anthu ambiri aku North Vietnamese. , South Vietnamese ndi Cambodians, komanso asilikali a US.

"Kupanikizika kwakukulu" kuli kale gawo la njira ya US / NATO yopita ku Russia ndi ulamuliro wake waukulu wa zilango komanso kupereka kwake zida zambiri ku Ukraine.

48 Kuyimitsa moto pakati pa 1946 ndi 1997

Titha kuyang'ana ku zitsanzo zambiri za momwe zokambirana zidathetsera kuphana m'mikangano ina.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso za mikangano 48 pakati pa 1946 ndi 1997, katswiri wa ndale Virginia Page Fortna yawonetsa kuti mapangano amphamvu omwe amakonza madera osatetezedwa, zitsimikizo za chipani chachitatu, zachitetezo chamtendere, kapena ma komisheni ogwirizana kuti athetse mikangano ndipo ali ndi zilankhulo zina (zotsutsana ndi zosadziwika bwino) zomwe zimatulutsa zilankhulo zoyimitsa moto zomwe zimapereka mikhalidwe yamakambirano ankhondo kapena mgwirizano.

Kupeza momwe mungapangire kuti ntchito yoyimitsa moto ikhale yogwira mtima ndiyo ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale ili ndi mbiri yocheperako, US ngati womenyana nawo ayenera kugwira ntchito ndi boma la Ukraine kuti apeze njira zothetsera moto.

Purezidenti wa ku Ukraine Zelensky adalongosola kale zokambirana zatsopano monga "Minsk 3," zomwe zikutanthawuza za mgwirizano wosiya moto womwe unagwirizanitsidwa ndi Russia ku likulu la Belarus mu 2014 ndi 2015, pambuyo pa kugonjetsedwa kwa Crimea ndi kumenyana m'dera la Donbass. Mgwirizano wa Minsk 1 ndi 2 unaphatikizapo palibe njira zogwirira ntchito zowonetsetsa kuti maphwando azitsatira ndipo alephera kuthetsa chiwawa. Minsk 1 ndi 2 pambuyo pake adavomerezedwa ndi NATO ndi European Union ngati njira yogulira "nthawi yogula" kuti Kumadzulo kumange magulu ankhondo ndi zida za Ukraine.

Maphunziro a nkhondo ndi Maphunziro Omwe Aphunziridwa ANAYANIKIDWA ndi Amene Amayambitsa Nkhondo

Popeza ndakhala ku US Army / Army Reserves kwa zaka 29 ndikugwira ntchito ngati kazembe wa US kwa zaka 16, nditha kuchitira umboni zotsatira za maphunziro osatha a zotsatira za nkhondo, mwachitsanzo Gulu Lophunzira la US Department of State Iraq. , kunyalanyazidwa ndi andale a ku United States ndi opanga malamulo, ndi maphunziro a momwe tingathetsere mikangano yakupha yomwe imanyalanyazidwa ndi akatswiri a asilikali a US ndi chitetezo cha dziko.

Malangizo a Zochita ndi Zosachita pa Mapangano Oletsa Moto

Ndikuganiza kuti ochepa a ku Ukraine, Russia, US ndi NATO omwe amadziŵa za United Nations '.  Malangizo a masamba 18 a Zomwe Mungachite ndi Zosachita za Mapangano Oletsa Moto, potengera zimene akumana nazo m’mikangano.

Chifukwa chake, m'mbiri, ndikufuna kutchula mfundo zazikulu za "Zochita ndi Zosachita za Mapangano Oletsa Moto," kotero palibe amene anganene kuti, "Sitinadziwe" ntchito yotereyi yachitika kale komanso mbuna zothetsa nkhondo. mapangano odziwika bwino.

Chilichonse mwazinthu zotsatirazi chili ndi gawo lonse lolembedwa mu bukhu lamasamba 18.

GAWO A Ndani, Liti ndi Kuti

1. Palibe malo ofotokozera 'zopanga';
2. Kufunika kolondola ponena za malo oletsa nkhondo;
3. Kufunika kwatsatanetsatane wamasiku ndi nthawi zomwe maudindo omwe aperekedwa ndi kuyimitsa moto akuyenera;
4. Kupanga kapena kuyenerera ntchito zololedwa;
5. Kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili mumgwirizanowu kwa mamembala onse ankhondo.

GAWO B Kuyang'anira ndi Kukwaniritsa

6. Kukonzekera kuyang'anira;
7. Kutsimikizira;
8. Njira ya madandaulo;
9. Kulimbikitsa;
10. Kupereka njira zothetsera mikangano pandale ndi zipani.

GAWO C Bungwe ndi Mayendedwe a Gulu Lankhondo

11. Utumiki wa Asilikali ndi Udindo;
12. Makhalidwe;
13. Njira zopangira chidaliro;
14. Chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali kwa omenya nkhondo ndi ovulala;
15. Lamulo & Control;
16. Kulumikizana & Kusinthana Information;
17. Kuphatikiza;
18. Kuchotsera Zida, Kutsitsa ndi Kutsitsa.

GAWO D Nkhani zothandiza anthu

19. Kuchotsa & Chitetezo Chachibadwidwe Chachibadwidwe Nthawi zambiri;
20. POW ndi akaidi ena andale;
21. Kusuntha kwaulere kwa katundu, anthu ndi thandizo;
22. Kuchita ndi zakale.

GAWO E Kukhazikitsa

23. ndalama
24. Zidziwitso zoyenera kusankhidwa & mafayilo & kwa anthu wamba
25. Kutsimikizira kukula kwa mphamvu
26. Kusintha kwa mgwirizano
27. Kuyembekezera nthawi zotsogolera
28. Kupewa Media Warfare
29. Mgwirizano wa Chikole / Malamulo
30. Civil Security
31. Kugula ndi Regional Powers

Kodi Chinanso Chingachitidwe Chiyani? US idasankha Kazembe Wapadera wa Purezidenti wa Conflict Diplomacy

Kuwonetsa momwe boma la US likuganizira zankhondo, pomwe gulu latsopano lankhondo laku US, Security Assistance Group-Ukraine, motsogozedwa ndi wamkulu wa nyenyezi zitatu wokhala ndi antchito a 300, lakhazikitsidwa ndi boma la US, pakadali pano, palibe wogwira ntchito m'boma la US yemwe ntchito yake yanthawi zonse ndi zokambirana kuti athetse kuphana pankhondo ya Russia-Ukraine.

Ngati US ikhala yayikulu pakutayika kwa moyo ku Ukraine, zomwe zikuwoneka kuti sizilipo, Purezidenti Biden ayenera kusankha nthumwi yapadera yapurezidenti yomwe ingayambe kukambirana mwamwayi ndi Ukraine komanso pakati pa ogwirizana nawo mu G-7 ndi NATO za kumapeto kwa masewerawo. za zokambirana.

Kuphatikiza apo, United States iyenera kukhazikitsa njira yolumikizirana nthawi zonse pankhondo yomwe ikuphatikiza Ukraine, ogwirizana ndi US, ndi Russia kuti alole omwe akutenga nawo mbali kuti azilumikizana mosalekeza, m'malo mokumana kamodzi.

Izi zitha kukhala zofanana ndi gulu lolumikizana lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo za ku Balkan, pomwe gulu losavomerezeka la nthumwi zochokera m'maiko akuluakulu ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi adakumana pafupipafupi komanso mwachinsinsi.

Kodi Onse Ogwirizana pa Kuyimitsa Mkondo, Armistice, Pangano la Mtendere Adzakondwera? AYI ndiye Yankho!

Tiyenera kuvomereza kuti ngakhale zokambirana zitatulutsa kutha kwa nkhondo ndiyeno mgwirizano wamtundu wina, ngakhale Ukraine, Russia, US / NATO sangakhutire.

Ngakhale mbiri yake yaposachedwa ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq, andale ambiri, makamaka ku US ndipo tsopano ku Ukraine ndi Russia, akufuna kupambana kotheratu, osati nkhondo zazitali popanda chigamulo chomveka.

Koma ngati tiyang'ana ku zida zankhondo zaku Korea, zomwe sizinawonedwe ngati zabwino kwambiri Mfundo zakunja zaku US pa nthawi yomwe idasainidwa, pafupifupi zaka 70 pambuyo pake, chitetezo chankhondo chachitika ndipo sipanakhalepo nkhondo ina pachilumbachi. Komabe, kutembenuza armistice kukhala mgwirizano wamtendere wakhala sitepe imodzi yopita kutali kwa US pamene North Korea akupitiriza kupempha chilengezo cha mtendere kuchokera ku US / South Korea asanasiye mapulogalamu awo a nyukiliya ndi zida zoponya.

Pankhani ya nkhondo ya US ku Viet Nam, zaka 60 pambuyo pake, pambuyo pa mgwirizano wamtendere wa 1973, dzikolo tsopano lakhala bwenzi lamalonda la US ndi Kumadzulo.

Momwe zokambirana zothetsa nkhondo zingayendere ndi lingaliro la aliyense.

Koma kuyimitsa moto komwe kumatsatiridwa ndi zida zankhondo kudzapatsa Ukraine mwayi wothetsa kuwonongedwa kwa zida zake zambiri, kuti ayambenso kuyambiranso zachuma, komanso chofunikira kwambiri kuti athetse imfa ya anthu aku Ukraine ambiri komanso kubwerera kwa mamiliyoni aku Ukraine kunyumba zawo.

Mgwirizano wankhondo ungapereke mwayi kwa Russian Federation kuti mwina atuluke ku zilango zomwe Azungu apereka, kuti azigwira ntchito m'magulu amitundu yonse pazinthu zofananira ndikuthetsa kulimbikitsa usilikali komanso kuphedwa kwa anthu aku Russia ambiri.

Padziko lonse lapansi, gulu lankhondo laku Russia ndi Ukraine lingachepetse kuopsa kwa nkhondo yachindunji ndi US / NATO yomwe ingaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zanyukiliya ndi zotsatira zake zoyipa zapadziko lonse lapansi kwa tonsefe padziko lapansi.

Kampeni Yoletsa Kuletsa Zida Zankhondo Padziko Lonse

Pa Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse Wokhudza Mtendere ku Ukraine, "Kampeni Yoletsa Zida Zankhondo Zankhondo Padziko Lonse" idakhazikitsidwa. Ndawala imeneyi ikusonyeza maganizo a anthu ambiri padziko lapansi akuti mayiko onse athetse kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo.

Tikudziwa kuti ndi nkhondo yokwera kuyitanitsa kutha kwa mitundu ya zida zankhondo ndipo ngakhale pali mapangano opangidwa ndi United Nations, monga zida zamagulu, migodi yapansi ndi zida za nyukiliya, mayiko ena, otsogozedwa ndi United States, satsatira mapanganowo. Koma monga anthu a chikumbumtima, tiyenera kupitiriza kuchita zimene chikumbumtima chathu chikutiuza kuti n’cholakwika.

Anthu a Chikumbumtima Ayenera Kugwirira Ntchito Mtendere ndi Kuthetsa Zachiwawa Padziko Lonse

Momwemonso, kwa anthu achikumbumtima m'dziko lino lapansi, tiyenera kupitiriza kuyesetsa kuti pakhale mtendere ndi kuthetsa chiwawa pazochitika zapadziko lonse ngakhale kuti andale athu akuwoneka kuti ali ndi ludzu lopitiriza chiwawa m'dzina la mtendere.

Za Wolemba: Ann Wright adapuma pantchito ngati Colonel atatha zaka 29 ku US Army / Army Reserves. Analinso kazembe waku US ndipo adatumikira ku ma Embassy a US ku Nicaragua, Grenada, Somalia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Sierra Leone, Micronesia, Afghanistan ndi Mongolia. Adatula pansi udindo wake ku boma la US mu Marichi 2003 motsutsana ndi nkhondo ya US ku Iraq. Ndiwolemba nawo "Disent: Voices of Conscience." Anali wokamba nkhani mumsonkhano waukulu wa "Kuletsa Moto ndi Zokambirana" mu Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse Wamtendere ku Ukraine womwe unachitikira ku Vienna, Austria June 10-11, 2023.